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Using non‐chemical options in integration with reduced rates of imazethapyr in weed management of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 采用非化学方法结合降低用量的吡嗪吡韦在平豆杂草管理中的应用
3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12599
R. Amini, M. Behgam, A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
Abstract In order to investigate the effects of reduced imazethapyr rates integrated with non‐chemical weed management treatments on weed control and pinto bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed yield, the field studies were carried out at the Research Field of University of Tabriz, Iran in 2016 and 2017. The experiment was a factorial randomised complete block design with five levels of imazethapyr rates and four levels of non‐chemical managements. The weed density and biomass were reduced in all non‐chemical weed management treatments when combined with imazethapyr, compared with those treated with imazethapyr only (control). In both years, non‐chemical weed management treatments increased pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield when integrated with imazethapyr. Pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield in 2017 were greater than those in 2016 and also there was no significant difference between those in 0.75X and 1X. The relative ranking of non‐chemical weed management treatments for weed control efficacy and pinto bean seed yield was hand weeding > straw mulch > living mulch. Integration of imazethapyr with non‐chemical weed managements could increase the weed control efficacy and seed yield of pinto bean whereas would reduce herbicide application in sustainable production systems.
摘要为研究降低吡嗪吡酯施用量与非化学杂草管理对豌豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)杂草控制和种子产量的影响,于2016年和2017年在伊朗大不里士大学(University of Tabriz)研究基地进行了田间研究。该试验是一个阶乘随机完全区组设计,有5个水平的马西哌使用率和4个水平的非化学处理。与仅施用吡嗪吡酯(对照)相比,施用吡嗪吡酯的所有非化学杂草管理处理均降低了杂草密度和生物量。在这两年中,非化学杂草管理处理增加了平豆单株种子和与吡嗪吡嗪结合的种子产量。2017年平豆单株种子数和单株种子产量均大于2016年,0.75X和1X之间无显著差异。非化学除草处理的除草效果和豇豆种子产量的相对排名为手除草和手除草;秸秆覆盖;活的覆盖物。在可持续生产系统中,将吡嗪与非化学杂草管理相结合可以提高平豆的杂草控制效果和种子产量,同时减少除草剂的使用。
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引用次数: 1
Bi‐directional hoeing in maize 玉米的双向锄地
3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12597
Georg Naruhn, Valentin Schneevoigt, Jens Hartung, Gerassimos Peteinatos, Kurt Möller, Roland Gerhards
Abstract The weed control efficacy (WCE) of mechanical weeding in the inter‐row area in conventional cropping systems can achieve more than 90%. Despite the use of special intra‐row tools (e.g., finger weeders), only a WCE of 65%–75% can currently be realized in the intra‐row area. To close the gap between inter‐row and intra‐row WCE, in this study, a new approach for high‐efficacy precise mechanical weeding is presented. By using a GPS‐based pneumatic precision seeder (Kverneland GEOseed), a square crop seeding pattern of 37.5 cm × 37.5 cm was established in maize to enable post‐emergence hoeing lengthwise and transverse to the sowing direction. Thus, the treated area by the hoeing blades is postulated to increase, resulting in higher WCE. For this, six field experiments were conducted in South‐Western Germany in 2021 and 2022. Goosefoot blades and no‐till sweeps were guided automatically using a camera for row detection and a hydraulic side‐shift control for the hoe. This bi‐directional treatment was compared to an herbicide application and to hoeing treatments only along and transverse to the sowing direction. The bi‐directional hoeing treatment increased the WCE compared to hoeing along the crop rows on average from 80% to 95% and was not significantly different from the herbicide applications in 2022. Precise sowing in combination with hoeing along and transverse the crop rows resulted in 5.3% crop losses compared to 2.2% for hoeing only along the sowing direction by using only 15 cm wide goosefoot blades, while in the herbicide treatment and the untreated control no crop losses were detected. While maize biomass was not significantly different from the herbicide treatment in most cases over both years, in 2022, even the grain yield of the bi‐directional hoeing treatment with goosefoot blades (7.8 Mg ha −1 ) was statistically equal to the herbicide treatment (6.9 Mg ha −1 ). This study demonstrates the great potential of bi‐directional hoeing as an effective alternative to chemical weed control in row crops such as maize, sunflower and sugar beet.
摘要在常规种植制度下,行间区机械除草防草效果可达90%以上。尽管使用了特殊的行内工具(例如手指除草器),但目前在行内区域只能实现65%-75%的WCE。为了缩小行间和行内WCE之间的差距,本研究提出了一种高效精密机械除草的新方法。利用基于GPS的气动精密播种机(Kverneland GEOseed),在玉米上建立了37.5 cm × 37.5 cm的方形作物播种模式,以便在播种方向纵向和横向进行苗后锄地。因此,假定锄地刀片的处理面积增加,导致更高的WCE。为此,2021年和2022年在德国西南部进行了六次实地试验。使用相机进行行检测和液压侧移控制锄头,可以自动引导鹅脚叶片和免耕扫扫。这种双向处理与除草剂施用和仅沿播种方向和横向的锄地处理进行了比较。与沿作物行锄地相比,双向锄地使WCE平均提高了80%至95%,与2022年除草剂的施用没有显著差异。精确播种与沿作物行和横向锄地相结合导致5.3%的作物损失,而仅使用15厘米宽的鹅足叶片沿播种方向锄地的作物损失为2.2%,而在除草剂处理和未处理的对照中未检测到作物损失。虽然在这两年的大多数情况下,玉米生物量与除草剂处理没有显著差异,但在2022年,即使是鹅足叶片双向锄地处理(7.8 Mg ha - 1)的谷物产量也与除草剂处理(6.9 Mg ha - 1)在统计学上相等。本研究表明双向锄头作为化学除草的有效替代方法在玉米、向日葵和甜菜等行栽作物中具有巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson: A new threat to agriculture in Europe and the Mediterranean region 棕苋菜:对欧洲和地中海地区农业的新威胁
3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12596
Maor Matzrafi, Laura Scarabel, Andrea Milani, Duilio Iamonico, Joel Torra, Jordi Recasens, José María Montull, Josep Maria Llenes, Ioannis Gazoulis, Alexandros Tataridas, Baruch Rubin, Gabriel Pardo, Alicia Cirujeda, Ana Isabel Marí, Husrev Mennan, Panagiotis Kanatas, Mehmet Nedim Dogan, Roland Beffa, Ilias Travlos
Abstract Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson is a dioecious broad‐leaved species characterised by rapid growth, high seed production, efficient resource use and adaptability to diverse environments and cropping systems. A. palmeri populations are spreading beyond their native range in south western United States, into the Mediterranean region and have been reported in several European and Mediterranean countries. First stands were located along roadsides, and later in nearby agricultural fields. Possible routes of introduction include contaminated animal feed and grain shipments for industrial processing. Some European A. palmeri populations appear to be already resistant to 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase and acetolactate synthase inhibitors when imported. Recent studies suggest that this trait may have evolved in the origin country before the introduction into southern Europe and the wider Mediterranean region. Effective, transboundary networks have to be established between farmers and researchers to raise agricultural community awareness and continuously monitor the invasiveness of A. palmeri in Europe. In this review, we first highlight botanical characteristics that allow accurate identification of A. palmeri from closely related Amaranthus species. Then, we summarise recent reports on the occurrence of A. palmeri in Europe and the Mediterranean region. We proceed to assess future invasion and spread across Europe according to climate and agricultural practices. In addition, we review measures to early detect A. palmeri and emphasised on feasible, chemical and non‐chemical weed control methods as components of integrated weed management to mitigate the impact of A. palmeri invasion on European agriculture.
摘要苋菜(Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson)是一种生长速度快、种子产量高、资源利用效率高、适应多种环境和种植制度的雌雄异株阔叶植物。palmeri种群正在从其在美国西南部的本土范围扩展到地中海地区,并且在几个欧洲和地中海国家也有报道。最初的摊位位于路边,后来在附近的农田里。可能的传播途径包括受污染的动物饲料和用于工业加工的粮食运输。一些欧洲棕榈草种群在进口时似乎已经对5 -烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸酯- 3 -磷酸合成酶和乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂产生抗性。最近的研究表明,这种特征可能在原产国进化,然后才被引入南欧和更广泛的地中海地区。必须在农民和研究人员之间建立有效的跨界网络,以提高农业社区的认识,并持续监测棕榈芽孢杆菌在欧洲的入侵情况。在这篇综述中,我们首先强调了植物特征,以便从近缘的苋属植物中准确鉴别。然后,我们总结了最近在欧洲和地中海地区发生的palmeri的报道。我们继续根据气候和农业实践评估未来在欧洲的入侵和传播。此外,我们回顾了早期发现棕榈草的措施,并强调了可行的、化学和非化学的杂草控制方法,作为杂草综合管理的组成部分,以减轻棕榈草入侵对欧洲农业的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Testing a tine weeder with artificial weeds in the controlled conditions of a soil bin 在受控的土壤箱条件下,用人工杂草测试定时除草机
3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12595
Jordan W. Parks, Eric R. Gallandt
Abstract Farmers adjust physical weed control (PWC) tools to optimize performance based on soil conditions, as well as the size and species of weeds and crop. These many variables make PWC field research challenging. Research in controlled conditions would reduce variability and allow more rapid testing of PWC tools. To this end, we constructed a soil bin with a mobile tool carriage inside of a heated glasshouse. The soil bin was 2 m wide by 12 m long by 1 m high. The mobile tool carriage can operate PWC tools at 0.4–19.0 km h −1 . Research methods were developed using a tine weeding tool and artificial weeds (AWs). The tine weeder offered uniform soil disturbance and, based on observation, has both uprooting and burial modes of action. Tine speed, angle and depth were evaluated in replicated soil bin and field experiments. Efficacy using AWs in soil bin was similar to efficacy based on surrogate and a real weed in one field experiment, but much greater than values measured in a second field experiment. Despite this inconsistency, we think that the simplified conditions of the soil bin system may be useful to test and prioritize tool settings or adjustments for field studies.
农民根据土壤条件、杂草和作物的大小和种类调整物理杂草控制(PWC)工具以优化其性能。这些变量使得普华永道的实地研究具有挑战性。在受控条件下的研究将减少可变性,并允许对普华永道工具进行更快速的测试。为此,我们在加热的温室内建造了一个带有移动工具架的土壤箱。土箱宽2米,长12米,高1米。移动工具架可以在0.4-19.0 km h−1的速度下操作普华永道工具。研究方法采用定时除草工具和人工除草(AWs)。定时除草机提供均匀的土壤扰动,根据观察,具有连根拔起和掩埋两种作用方式。在重复土壤箱和田间试验中对时间、速度、角度和深度进行了评价。在一次田间试验中,在土壤仓中使用AWs的效果与基于替代品和真实杂草的效果相似,但远高于第二次田间试验的效果。尽管存在这种不一致,但我们认为土壤箱系统的简化条件可能有助于测试和优先考虑现场研究的工具设置或调整。
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引用次数: 0
The geographic distributions and complex genetic relationships among four Sorghum taxa identified in Taiwan 台湾高粱四个分类群的地理分布及复杂的亲缘关系
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12594
W. Hsieh, Hsien‐Chun Liao, Han-shiuan Chin, Y. Kuo, Chih‐Hui Chen, Y. Tsai, A. Paterson, Yann-rong Lin
The genus Sorghum consists of 25 species, including Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, one of the top five cereal crops cultivated globally, and S. halepense, one of the most noxious weeds. Weedy Sorghum possesses outstanding adaptability and drought tolerance thrives in diverse environments and becomes an invasive plant worldwide. Taiwan is a unique place possessing suitable habitats for four Sorghum taxa, S. bicolor ssp. bicolor, var. technicum, ssp. verticilliflorum and S. halepense, which were identified by key morphological features. The four Sorghum taxa showed distinct geographic distributions, revealing that invasiveness was influenced by their own characteristics and human activities. The sporadic distributions of cultivated S. bicolor ssp. bicolor and var. technicum may be attributed to human disturbance and agricultural activities. The rhizomatous S. halepense was widely distributed and showed the highest genetic diversity (He > 0.776) among the four taxa, with its strong adaptation to various environments threatening the agricultural practices and ecosystem in Taiwan. In contrast, the newly naturalised S. bicolor ssp. verticilliflorum was confined to and dominant in southern Taiwan, with the lowest genetic diversity (He < 0.272). Significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.5207) between the two ssp. verticilliflorum subpopulations was associated with natural geographic isolation. This study concretely elucidated the geographic distributions, genetic diversity and relatedness of invasive and escaped Sorghum taxa, indicating the potential aggressiveness and hazard of weedy Sorghum in Taiwan.
高粱属由25种组成,包括高粱双色(L.)全球种植的五大谷类作物之一的玉米,以及最有害的杂草之一的黑草。杂草高粱具有优异的适应性和耐旱性,在不同的环境中茁壮成长,成为世界范围内的入侵植物。台湾是一个独特的地方,有四种高粱类群,双色高粱。双色,紫紫变种,半色。黄萎病菌(verticilliflorum)和halepense,通过关键形态特征进行鉴定。4个高粱类群的地理分布明显不同,表明其入侵程度受其自身特征和人类活动的影响。栽培双色葡萄的零星分布。双色和异色可归因于人为干扰和农业活动。根茎型海葵分布广泛,遗传多样性最高(He > 0.776),对威胁台湾农业生产和生态系统的各种环境具有较强的适应性。相比之下,新归化的双色s。黄花菌主要分布在台湾南部,遗传多样性最低(He < 0.272)。遗传分化显著(FST = 0.5207)。黄萎病亚群与自然地理隔离有关。本研究具体阐明了台湾高粱入侵和逃逸类群的地理分布、遗传多样性和亲缘关系,揭示了台湾杂草高粱潜在的侵袭性和危害性。
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引用次数: 0
Confirmation of a five‐way herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus population in North Carolina 北卡罗莱纳苋属五路抗除草剂种群的确认
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12590
E. Jones, R. Andres, M. Owen, J. Dunne, Diego J. Contreras, C. Cahoon, Katherine M. Jennings, R. León, W. Everman
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引用次数: 0
Control of Heracleum mantegazzianum with pyrolysis liquid products 热解液产物对曼特加齐姆的控制
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12593
T. Hyvönen, M. Hagner, Timo K. Hurme, Bengt E. Lindqvist, H. Ojanen
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引用次数: 1
Effect of weather conditions on efficacy of different herbicides used in Bromus sterilis control 气象条件对不同除草剂防治灰螨效果的影响
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12591
M. Jursík, M. Kolářová, J. Kučera
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引用次数: 0
Intraspecific functional trait variation in weeds: A strategy in response to competition with crop and weed plants 杂草种内功能性状变异:一种应对作物和杂草竞争的策略
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12592
Nicolas Romillac, S. Piutti, S. Slezack-Deschaumes, S. Gaba
{"title":"Intraspecific functional trait variation in weeds: A strategy in response to competition with crop and weed plants","authors":"Nicolas Romillac, S. Piutti, S. Slezack-Deschaumes, S. Gaba","doi":"10.1111/wre.12592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23661,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83131254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weed seedbank, above‐ground weed community and crop yields under conventional and conservation agriculture practices in maize–wheat–mungbean rotation 玉米-小麦-绿豆轮作常规和保护性农业措施下的杂草种子库、地上杂草群落和作物产量
IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12589
Sonaka Ghosh, T. Das, C. Nath, A. Bhatia, Dipankar Biswas, K. Bandyopadhyay, M. Yeasin, R. Raj
{"title":"Weed seedbank, above‐ground weed community and crop yields under conventional and conservation agriculture practices in maize–wheat–mungbean rotation","authors":"Sonaka Ghosh, T. Das, C. Nath, A. Bhatia, Dipankar Biswas, K. Bandyopadhyay, M. Yeasin, R. Raj","doi":"10.1111/wre.12589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23661,"journal":{"name":"Weed Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78748411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Weed Research
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