Mastitis in cows is one of the most important diseases that give rise to economic losses in dairy farms. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common causes of mastitis, is a significant health problem. Due to the problems encountered in treating infections caused by resistant strains, developing alternative treatment methods, such as Nanomaterial systems and natural agents, are important. The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia is used as an antibacterial and the primary active component is terpinen-4-ol. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of terpinen-4-ol and terpinen-4-ol loaded polydopamine (T-PDA) nanoparticles against S. aureus isolates, which were resistant to at least one group of antibiotics isolated from milk samples of subclinical mastitis cows. The S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests and verified with the API Staph kit. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method. The broth microdilution method determined the antimicrobial activities of the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, and anti-biofilm activities were assessed using the modified crystal violet method. All of the isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin and susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Multi-antibiotic resistance was detected in the 11 S. aureus isolates used in this study. For the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, MIC values were determined in the range of 0.125-0.5% (µL/mL) and 0.125-0.25% (µL/mL), respectively. None of the isolates formed biofilms. As a result, it was found that the antibacterial efficacy of the T- PDA nanoparticles was higher against nine of the S. aureus isolates than against the terpinen-4-ol.
奶牛乳腺炎是造成奶牛场经济损失的最重要疾病之一。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的乳腺炎病因之一,其抗菌药耐药性的增加是一个重大的健康问题。由于在治疗耐药菌株引起的感染时遇到的问题,开发替代治疗方法(如纳米材料系统和天然制剂)非常重要。互叶白千层的精油被用作抗菌剂,其主要活性成分是萜品烯-4-醇。本研究旨在调查萜品烯-4-醇和萜品烯-4-醇负载聚多巴胺(T-PDA)纳米粒子对金葡菌分离株的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。这些金黄色葡萄球菌菌株通过生化测试进行鉴定,并用 API Staph 试剂盒进行验证。分离菌株对抗生素的敏感性是通过盘扩散法测定的。肉汤微稀释法测定了萜品烯-4-醇和 T-PDA 纳米粒子的抗菌活性,改良水晶紫法评估了抗生物膜活性。所有分离菌株均对苄青霉素耐药,对三甲双胍/磺胺甲噁唑易感。在本研究中使用的 11 个金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中检测到了多种抗生素耐药性。萜品烯-4-醇和 T-PDA 纳米粒子的 MIC 值分别为 0.125-0.5%(微升/毫升)和 0.125-0.25%(微升/毫升)。没有一种分离物形成生物膜。结果发现,T-PDA 纳米粒子对九种金黄色葡萄球菌分离物的抗菌效力高于对 4-羟基松油的抗菌效力。
{"title":"Determination of antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Terpinen-4-ol loaded polydopamine nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows with subclinical mastitis.","authors":"Nilgün Ünal, Merve Eylul Kiymaci, Merve Savluk, Hakan Erdogan, Esra Seker","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10514-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10514-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mastitis in cows is one of the most important diseases that give rise to economic losses in dairy farms. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common causes of mastitis, is a significant health problem. Due to the problems encountered in treating infections caused by resistant strains, developing alternative treatment methods, such as Nanomaterial systems and natural agents, are important. The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia is used as an antibacterial and the primary active component is terpinen-4-ol. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of terpinen-4-ol and terpinen-4-ol loaded polydopamine (T-PDA) nanoparticles against S. aureus isolates, which were resistant to at least one group of antibiotics isolated from milk samples of subclinical mastitis cows. The S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests and verified with the API Staph kit. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disc diffusion method. The broth microdilution method determined the antimicrobial activities of the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, and anti-biofilm activities were assessed using the modified crystal violet method. All of the isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin and susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Multi-antibiotic resistance was detected in the 11 S. aureus isolates used in this study. For the terpinen-4-ol and T-PDA nanoparticles, MIC values were determined in the range of 0.125-0.5% (µL/mL) and 0.125-0.25% (µL/mL), respectively. None of the isolates formed biofilms. As a result, it was found that the antibacterial efficacy of the T- PDA nanoparticles was higher against nine of the S. aureus isolates than against the terpinen-4-ol.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10451-8
Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel, Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula, Júlio César Faria Dos Santos, Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais, Vanessa Ferreira Salvador, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal, Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade, Dina María Beltrán Zapa, Lorena Lopes Ferreira, Vando Edesio Soares, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
The water can be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of cattle eimeriosis on farms located in tropical climate regions. This study aimed to assess the viability period of sporulated oocysts of bovine Eimeria spp. in water containing organic matter and to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants against sporulated oocysts of this protozoa. Two experiments were conducted, each comprising in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In Experiment 1, the viability period of oocysts sporulated in buckets containing a solution composed of a mixture of feces with oocysts, water, and potassium dichromate was assessed. Quantifications and identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts were performed on days + 30, + 60, + 90, and every 30 days thereafter until no more oocysts were detected. Naïve calves were inoculated with this solution kept in the bucket for 6 and 12 months. In Experiment 2, the efficacy of various disinfectants (acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, ethanol + acetic acid, and ammonia quaternary) against a new solution of sporulated oocysts and pH changes over time (10', 30', and 24 h) were evaluated in the laboratory. The most effective disinfectant was used to treat the water solution and inoculate the calves, and its efficacy was calculated. In Experiment 1, Eimeria spp. oocysts remained viable in the solution for up to 12 months. E. zuernii persisted until the end of the study period. Calves inoculated with the solution kept in the buckets for 6 and 12 months excreted at least four Eimeria species (E. zuernii, E. bovis, E. ellipsoidalis, and E. cylindrica). In Experiment 2, among the tested disinfectants, 3% acetic acid demonstrated the highest efficacy (10' = 80.9%; 30' = 87.9%; 24 h = 91.7%). The pH values of the solutions containing acetic acid ranged from 2.4 to 3.5. Calves that received the inoculum treated with 3% acetic acid did not excrete Eimeria spp. oocysts in feces during the study period (efficacy = 100%). In contrast, all animals in the control group excreted Eimeria spp. oocysts in feces. Future studies should be carried out to better understand the possible effects of cattle drinking water with 3% acetic acid.
{"title":"Viability time of sporulated oocysts of bovine Eimeria spp. in water and efficacy of disinfectants in a region with tropical climate.","authors":"Leonardo Bueno Cruvinel, Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula, Júlio César Faria Dos Santos, Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais, Vanessa Ferreira Salvador, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal, Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade, Dina María Beltrán Zapa, Lorena Lopes Ferreira, Vando Edesio Soares, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10451-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10451-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The water can be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of cattle eimeriosis on farms located in tropical climate regions. This study aimed to assess the viability period of sporulated oocysts of bovine Eimeria spp. in water containing organic matter and to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants against sporulated oocysts of this protozoa. Two experiments were conducted, each comprising in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In Experiment 1, the viability period of oocysts sporulated in buckets containing a solution composed of a mixture of feces with oocysts, water, and potassium dichromate was assessed. Quantifications and identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts were performed on days + 30, + 60, + 90, and every 30 days thereafter until no more oocysts were detected. Naïve calves were inoculated with this solution kept in the bucket for 6 and 12 months. In Experiment 2, the efficacy of various disinfectants (acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, ethanol + acetic acid, and ammonia quaternary) against a new solution of sporulated oocysts and pH changes over time (10', 30', and 24 h) were evaluated in the laboratory. The most effective disinfectant was used to treat the water solution and inoculate the calves, and its efficacy was calculated. In Experiment 1, Eimeria spp. oocysts remained viable in the solution for up to 12 months. E. zuernii persisted until the end of the study period. Calves inoculated with the solution kept in the buckets for 6 and 12 months excreted at least four Eimeria species (E. zuernii, E. bovis, E. ellipsoidalis, and E. cylindrica). In Experiment 2, among the tested disinfectants, 3% acetic acid demonstrated the highest efficacy (10' = 80.9%; 30' = 87.9%; 24 h = 91.7%). The pH values of the solutions containing acetic acid ranged from 2.4 to 3.5. Calves that received the inoculum treated with 3% acetic acid did not excrete Eimeria spp. oocysts in feces during the study period (efficacy = 100%). In contrast, all animals in the control group excreted Eimeria spp. oocysts in feces. Future studies should be carried out to better understand the possible effects of cattle drinking water with 3% acetic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10515-9
Sérgio Santos-Silva, Nuno Santos, Pedro López-López, Maria S J Nascimento, Helena M R Gonçalves, Wim H M Van der Poel, António Rivero-Juarez, João R Mesquita
{"title":"Correction: Hepatitis E virus in wild and domestic rabbits from Portugal: a combined molecular and longitudinal serological study.","authors":"Sérgio Santos-Silva, Nuno Santos, Pedro López-López, Maria S J Nascimento, Helena M R Gonçalves, Wim H M Van der Poel, António Rivero-Juarez, João R Mesquita","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10515-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10515-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10476-z
Jéssica Cristina Peretti, Aline Bielak Dos Santos, Ezequiel Davi Dos Santos, Tanise Policarpo Machado, Caroline Argenta Pescador, Luis Jhordy Alfaro Quillas, Vanessa Marostega Milani, Taline Scalco Picetti, Adriana Costa da Motta
Lymphoma is the most common tumor of hematopoietic origin in horses. The course of the disease and clinical signs vary greatly, depending on tumor location and extent. The aim of this report is to describe the occurrence of T-cell-rich oral large B-cell lymphoma with marked local infiltration in a 25-year-old Crioula mare. The mare showed an increase in volume on the right side of its face, dyspnea, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. The clinical assessment showed that the lesion was located in the rostral and caudal sinuses and was markedly invasive to adjacent structures. The autopsy revealed a yellow mass with a soft to firm consistency, infiltrating multiple bones in the skull, and extensively invading the hard palate and masseter muscle. Histologically the mass comprised an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm characterized by a densely cellular neoplasm composed of large CD20 + neoplastic B-lymphocytes admixed with sheets of small, CD3 + reactive T-lymphocytes supported by delicate fibrovascular stroma leading to the diagnosis of oral T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma.
淋巴瘤是马最常见的造血肿瘤。根据肿瘤位置和范围的不同,病程和临床症状也大相径庭。本报告旨在描述一匹 25 岁的克利乌拉(Crioula)母马发生的富含 T 细胞的口腔大 B 细胞淋巴瘤,并伴有明显的局部浸润。该母马右侧面部体积增大,呼吸困难,厌食,体重逐渐减轻。临床评估显示,病变位于喙窦和尾窦,并明显侵犯邻近结构。尸检结果显示,病灶为黄色肿块,质地由软至硬,浸润颅内多处骨骼,并广泛侵犯硬腭和咀嚼肌。从组织学角度看,肿块是一种未分化的恶性肿瘤,其特点是细胞密集,由大的 CD20 + 肿瘤性 B 淋巴细胞与成片的小的 CD3 + 反应性 T 淋巴细胞混合组成,并有细腻的纤维血管基质支撑,因此被诊断为口腔富含 T 细胞的大 B 细胞淋巴瘤。
{"title":"Oral T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma in a horse.","authors":"Jéssica Cristina Peretti, Aline Bielak Dos Santos, Ezequiel Davi Dos Santos, Tanise Policarpo Machado, Caroline Argenta Pescador, Luis Jhordy Alfaro Quillas, Vanessa Marostega Milani, Taline Scalco Picetti, Adriana Costa da Motta","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-024-10476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma is the most common tumor of hematopoietic origin in horses. The course of the disease and clinical signs vary greatly, depending on tumor location and extent. The aim of this report is to describe the occurrence of T-cell-rich oral large B-cell lymphoma with marked local infiltration in a 25-year-old Crioula mare. The mare showed an increase in volume on the right side of its face, dyspnea, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. The clinical assessment showed that the lesion was located in the rostral and caudal sinuses and was markedly invasive to adjacent structures. The autopsy revealed a yellow mass with a soft to firm consistency, infiltrating multiple bones in the skull, and extensively invading the hard palate and masseter muscle. Histologically the mass comprised an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm characterized by a densely cellular neoplasm composed of large CD20 + neoplastic B-lymphocytes admixed with sheets of small, CD3 + reactive T-lymphocytes supported by delicate fibrovascular stroma leading to the diagnosis of oral T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10507-9
Elias Tibúrcio-Júnior, Patricia G Carrazzoni, Fernando Tenorio-Filho, Nayara E Pontes, Ryan V Alves, Antonio Carlos de Freitas, Maria Angélica Ramos Silva
BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.
{"title":"Prolonged detection of BPV2 in urine and blood of papillomatosis-affected cattle not grazing bracken fern.","authors":"Elias Tibúrcio-Júnior, Patricia G Carrazzoni, Fernando Tenorio-Filho, Nayara E Pontes, Ryan V Alves, Antonio Carlos de Freitas, Maria Angélica Ramos Silva","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10507-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10507-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8
Mahmoud Radwan, Eman A Manaa, Mohamed M M El-Feky, Amaal Mohammadein, Jamila S Al Malki, Lobna A Badawy, Mahmoud Mahrous M Abbas
This investigation attempts to evaluate the effect of diet additives via aqueous or ethanolic herbal extracts from Azadirachta indica leaves on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five dietary categories were assigned to the fish: the first category (N1, with no extract) was kept under control conditions; two categories contained aqueous extract (N2 (1.0 g/kg) and N3 (2.0 g/kg); and two categories contained ethanolic extract, N4 (1.0 g/kg) and N5 (2.0 g/kg), with each group being fed for 60 days. After the feeding trial, Aeromonas hydrophila was injected intraperitoneally into fish for 14 days; fish mortality was recorded during this period. The results showed that the fish-fed dietary A. indica significantly improved growth performance and intestinal health (digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology), especially in the N4 and N5 categories. However, N4 and N5 categories demonstrated a significant decrease in AST and ALT activities and an increase in total protein, serum albumin, globulin, growth hormone (GH), leptin hormone (LEP), hemoglobin, white blood cells, and hematocrit (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control category (N1). Compared to the control category, the N4 and N5 categories have revealed a significant reduction in MDA activity and improvements in immunological activities (lysozyme, complement C3, and nitric oxide) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX). Moreover, in tilapia-fed A. indica, the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, and Nf-κb genes was downregulated partially in the N4 and N5 categories than the control category. In contrast, the lysozyme, C3, GPX, and CAT genes were upregulated partially at N4 and N5 compared to the control category. Following the bacterial challenge, fish in the N4 and N5 categories also displayed the lowest fish mortality compared to the control category. The ethanolic extract displayed a more potent resistance against the parasite Cichlidogyrus tilapia in vitro than the aqueous and control categories, partially at 2 g/L. According to these findings, an ethanolic neem extract (2.0 g/kg feed) activates the immune system and antioxidant response in Nile tilapia fingerlings, improving growth and fish resistance to parasitic and bacterial infections.
{"title":"Elucidating the effect of dietary neem (Azadirachta indica) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical, immunonological response, and anti-pathogenic capacity of Nile tilapia juveniles.","authors":"Mahmoud Radwan, Eman A Manaa, Mohamed M M El-Feky, Amaal Mohammadein, Jamila S Al Malki, Lobna A Badawy, Mahmoud Mahrous M Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation attempts to evaluate the effect of diet additives via aqueous or ethanolic herbal extracts from Azadirachta indica leaves on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five dietary categories were assigned to the fish: the first category (N1, with no extract) was kept under control conditions; two categories contained aqueous extract (N2 (1.0 g/kg) and N3 (2.0 g/kg); and two categories contained ethanolic extract, N4 (1.0 g/kg) and N5 (2.0 g/kg), with each group being fed for 60 days. After the feeding trial, Aeromonas hydrophila was injected intraperitoneally into fish for 14 days; fish mortality was recorded during this period. The results showed that the fish-fed dietary A. indica significantly improved growth performance and intestinal health (digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology), especially in the N4 and N5 categories. However, N4 and N5 categories demonstrated a significant decrease in AST and ALT activities and an increase in total protein, serum albumin, globulin, growth hormone (GH), leptin hormone (LEP), hemoglobin, white blood cells, and hematocrit (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control category (N1). Compared to the control category, the N4 and N5 categories have revealed a significant reduction in MDA activity and improvements in immunological activities (lysozyme, complement C3, and nitric oxide) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX). Moreover, in tilapia-fed A. indica, the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, and Nf-κb genes was downregulated partially in the N4 and N5 categories than the control category. In contrast, the lysozyme, C3, GPX, and CAT genes were upregulated partially at N4 and N5 compared to the control category. Following the bacterial challenge, fish in the N4 and N5 categories also displayed the lowest fish mortality compared to the control category. The ethanolic extract displayed a more potent resistance against the parasite Cichlidogyrus tilapia in vitro than the aqueous and control categories, partially at 2 g/L. According to these findings, an ethanolic neem extract (2.0 g/kg feed) activates the immune system and antioxidant response in Nile tilapia fingerlings, improving growth and fish resistance to parasitic and bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10489-8
Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek, P Żebrowska-Różańska, J Bajzert, N Siwińska, J P Madej, K Kaleta-Kuratewicz, P Bochen, Ł Łaczmański, A Chełmońska-Soyta
In the gastrointestinal mucosa, there is a close cooperation between secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the composition of the microbiota, which aims to maintain homeostasis as well as act as a protective barrier. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of microbiota and SIgA production in different parts of the digestive tract (small intestine, cecum, colon and rectum) of nine healthy horses and its reflection in the feces. For this purpose, we determined: the composition of the microbiome (by next-generation Sequencing of Hypervariable Regions V3-V4 and V7-V9 of the 16 S rRNA gene analysis), the amount of SIgA in the intestinal content samples (by ELISA), as well as the number of IgA-producing cells (IgA+) in the tissue samples (by immohistochemical analysis). Significant differences were observed between the small intestine and the large colon in the composition and diversity of the microbiome, as well as the number of IgA + cells in the mucosal lamina propria and the abundance of SIgA in the intestinal lumen. The small intestine in relation to the large colon is characterised by fewer IgA + cells, more SIgA in the intestinal contents and a less diverse microbiome. However, the cecum appears to be the third separate ecosystem, with a high number of IgA + cells and a diverse microbiome. The fecal sample reflects the current state of the large colon, both in terms of the microbiome and SIgA content; however, it is not known to what extent it may be influenced by dysbiosis in other parts of the digestive tract.
在胃肠道粘膜中,分泌型免疫球蛋白 A(SIgA)与微生物群的组成之间存在着密切的合作关系,其目的是保持平衡并起到保护屏障的作用。本研究的目的是确定九匹健康马消化道不同部位(小肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠)的微生物群组成和 SIgA 产量及其在粪便中的反映。为此,我们确定了:微生物群的组成(通过 16 S rRNA 基因 V3-V4 和 V7-V9 高变异区的下一代测序分析)、肠道内容物样本中 SIgA 的含量(通过 ELISA)以及组织样本中产生 IgA 的细胞(IgA+)的数量(通过免疫组织化学分析)。小肠和大肠在微生物群的组成和多样性、粘膜固有层中的 IgA + 细胞数量以及肠腔中的 SIgA 丰度方面存在显著差异。与大肠相比,小肠的特点是 IgA + 细胞较少,肠内容物中的 SIgA 较多,微生物群的多样性较低。然而,盲肠似乎是第三个独立的生态系统,拥有大量的 IgA + 细胞和多样化的微生物群。粪便样本从微生物群和 SIgA 含量两方面反映了大肠的现状;但它在多大程度上会受到消化道其他部位菌群失调的影响尚不清楚。
{"title":"Comparison and characterization of the bacterial microbiota and SIgA production in different gastrointestinal segments in horses.","authors":"Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek, P Żebrowska-Różańska, J Bajzert, N Siwińska, J P Madej, K Kaleta-Kuratewicz, P Bochen, Ł Łaczmański, A Chełmońska-Soyta","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10489-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10489-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the gastrointestinal mucosa, there is a close cooperation between secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and the composition of the microbiota, which aims to maintain homeostasis as well as act as a protective barrier. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of microbiota and SIgA production in different parts of the digestive tract (small intestine, cecum, colon and rectum) of nine healthy horses and its reflection in the feces. For this purpose, we determined: the composition of the microbiome (by next-generation Sequencing of Hypervariable Regions V3-V4 and V7-V9 of the 16 S rRNA gene analysis), the amount of SIgA in the intestinal content samples (by ELISA), as well as the number of IgA-producing cells (IgA+) in the tissue samples (by immohistochemical analysis). Significant differences were observed between the small intestine and the large colon in the composition and diversity of the microbiome, as well as the number of IgA + cells in the mucosal lamina propria and the abundance of SIgA in the intestinal lumen. The small intestine in relation to the large colon is characterised by fewer IgA + cells, more SIgA in the intestinal contents and a less diverse microbiome. However, the cecum appears to be the third separate ecosystem, with a high number of IgA + cells and a diverse microbiome. The fecal sample reflects the current state of the large colon, both in terms of the microbiome and SIgA content; however, it is not known to what extent it may be influenced by dysbiosis in other parts of the digestive tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10513-x
Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik, Wioletta Biel, Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska, Piotr Krzyścin
Among pets, cats are the most popular in Europe. Despite the fact, the interest in the safety and quality of their food is much lower compared to the interest of caregivers in the nutrition of dogs. In this research, 27 commercial cat foods were analyzed for mislabeled component composition. Cat foods were divided into a control group, a group of fish foods and a group of other foods with alternative sources of animal protein. Chicken and pig DNA detection was performed using real-time PCR. In this research, 100% of the cat foods contained chicken DNA and 96% of the foods - pig DNA, despite the lack of declaration of these ingredients on the product label. The results indicate that cat food appear to be mislabeled to an even greater extent than dog food. Moreover, manufacturers' declarations in terms of ingredient composition do not reflect the actual composition of commercial products available on the market and intended for everyday feeding of animals. Mislabeling of these products also poses a risk for animals suffering from food allergies.
{"title":"Analysis of chicken and pig DNA content in commercial dry foods for adult cats.","authors":"Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik, Wioletta Biel, Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska, Piotr Krzyścin","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10513-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10513-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among pets, cats are the most popular in Europe. Despite the fact, the interest in the safety and quality of their food is much lower compared to the interest of caregivers in the nutrition of dogs. In this research, 27 commercial cat foods were analyzed for mislabeled component composition. Cat foods were divided into a control group, a group of fish foods and a group of other foods with alternative sources of animal protein. Chicken and pig DNA detection was performed using real-time PCR. In this research, 100% of the cat foods contained chicken DNA and 96% of the foods - pig DNA, despite the lack of declaration of these ingredients on the product label. The results indicate that cat food appear to be mislabeled to an even greater extent than dog food. Moreover, manufacturers' declarations in terms of ingredient composition do not reflect the actual composition of commercial products available on the market and intended for everyday feeding of animals. Mislabeling of these products also poses a risk for animals suffering from food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10501-1
Dan Wang, Jiangwei Song, Jing Wang, Rong Quan
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection is clinically related to various diseases, including porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome (PDNS)-like disease, respiratory disease, reproductive disorders, and gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. Since PCV3 infection was discovered in 2016, it has developed rapidly and has attracted much attention worldwide. However, specific preventive and therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. In this study, four-dimensional (4D) data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomics detection combined with bioinformatics analysis were employed to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed proteins in PK-15 cells from the PCV3-infected group compared with those from the uninfected control group. A total of 194 cellular proteins were significantly altered in response to PCV3 infection, including 58 upregulated proteins and 136 downregulated proteins. In our Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, these differentially expressed proteins were mostly associated with cellular anatomical entities, binding, cellular processes, biological regulation, catalytic activity, metabolic processes, developmental processes, protein-containing complexes and responses to stimuli. Our Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEPs were predominantly involved in metabolic pathways, the cAMP signaling pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway. For the experiments, Western blotting (WB) was used to confirm the changes in important molecules. The differentially expressed proteins identified should contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanism of PCV3 replication and pathogenesis, as well as the host response.
猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)感染在临床上与多种疾病有关,包括猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)样病、呼吸道疾病、繁殖障碍、胃肠道和神经系统疾病等。自 2016 年发现 PCV3 感染以来,该病发展迅速,引起了全世界的广泛关注。然而,目前尚缺乏具体的预防和治疗干预措施。本研究采用基于四维(4D)数据独立采集(DIA)的定量蛋白质组学检测,结合生物信息学分析,定量鉴定了PCV3感染组与未感染对照组PK-15细胞中差异表达的蛋白质。共有194个细胞蛋白在PCV3感染后发生了显著变化,包括58个上调蛋白和136个下调蛋白。在我们的基因本体(GO)富集分析中,这些差异表达的蛋白质大多与细胞解剖实体、结合、细胞过程、生物调控、催化活性、代谢过程、发育过程、含蛋白复合物和对刺激的反应有关。京都基因与基因组百科全书》(KEGG)分析显示,DEPs主要参与代谢途径、cAMP信号途径、内质网蛋白质加工、PI3K-Akt信号途径和钙信号途径。实验中使用了 Western 印迹(WB)来确认重要分子的变化。所发现的表达不同的蛋白质有助于进一步了解 PCV3 复制和致病机制以及宿主反应。
{"title":"Quantitative proteomic analysis of PK-15 cells infected with porcine circovirus type 3 using 4D-DIA approach.","authors":"Dan Wang, Jiangwei Song, Jing Wang, Rong Quan","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10501-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10501-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection is clinically related to various diseases, including porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome (PDNS)-like disease, respiratory disease, reproductive disorders, and gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. Since PCV3 infection was discovered in 2016, it has developed rapidly and has attracted much attention worldwide. However, specific preventive and therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. In this study, four-dimensional (4D) data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomics detection combined with bioinformatics analysis were employed to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed proteins in PK-15 cells from the PCV3-infected group compared with those from the uninfected control group. A total of 194 cellular proteins were significantly altered in response to PCV3 infection, including 58 upregulated proteins and 136 downregulated proteins. In our Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, these differentially expressed proteins were mostly associated with cellular anatomical entities, binding, cellular processes, biological regulation, catalytic activity, metabolic processes, developmental processes, protein-containing complexes and responses to stimuli. Our Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEPs were predominantly involved in metabolic pathways, the cAMP signaling pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway. For the experiments, Western blotting (WB) was used to confirm the changes in important molecules. The differentially expressed proteins identified should contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanism of PCV3 replication and pathogenesis, as well as the host response.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10496-9
Gianmarco Ferrara, Ugo Pagnini, Serena Montagnaro
Evidence of exposure to the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been described in numerous animal species, including pets, which are predisposed to coming into contact with this virus due to their close relationship with owners. It has been accepted that dogs are poorly susceptible to this virus and that seroconversion, rather than shedding, occurs following infection, which can occur directly through contact with infected owners or indirectly through environmental contamination. In this study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in apparently health hunting and stray dogs of Campania region, southern Italy (sampled in September 2023). A total of 5/112 (4.5%) animals tested seropositive using two different commercial ELISAs. Stray animals had greater exposure than hunting dogs. The feces and blood of each animal were tested with a real-time PCR targeting the nucleocapsid and ORF1ab coding sequences. No animal tested positive in molecular investigations, indicating a past exposure without active infection at the time of sampling.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 exposure in hunting and stray dogs of southern Italy.","authors":"Gianmarco Ferrara, Ugo Pagnini, Serena Montagnaro","doi":"10.1007/s11259-024-10496-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10496-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence of exposure to the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been described in numerous animal species, including pets, which are predisposed to coming into contact with this virus due to their close relationship with owners. It has been accepted that dogs are poorly susceptible to this virus and that seroconversion, rather than shedding, occurs following infection, which can occur directly through contact with infected owners or indirectly through environmental contamination. In this study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in apparently health hunting and stray dogs of Campania region, southern Italy (sampled in September 2023). A total of 5/112 (4.5%) animals tested seropositive using two different commercial ELISAs. Stray animals had greater exposure than hunting dogs. The feces and blood of each animal were tested with a real-time PCR targeting the nucleocapsid and ORF1ab coding sequences. No animal tested positive in molecular investigations, indicating a past exposure without active infection at the time of sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}