The characteristics and bioavailability of wastewater derived “refractory” organic nutrients and their susceptibility to removal has drawn significant attention from both regulatory agencies and wastewater utilities. As suggested by recent studies, the bioavailability of effluent organic nutrients to algae is relatively high. This implies that discharge of effluent organic nutrients from water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) may contribute to eutrophication potential. Therefore, investigation into alternative technologies for organic nutrients transformation and reduction, and the mechanisms involved in those processes, is warranted with the ultimate goal of improved eutrophication control. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been shown to be capable of reducing the concentrations of soluble organic nutrients and converting specific nutrient-containing organic compounds into simpler or more biodegradable forms. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the impact of AOP treatments on the speciation and composition of soluble nutrients and consequently their biodegradability in wastewater effluents. Secondary or tertiary effluents from three selected wastewater treatment plants were collected. Each effluent was treated with three different AOPs, including low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and a combination of UV and H2O2. Both untreated and AOP-treated effluents were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for wastewater characterization, nitrogen speciation analysis, phosphorus speciation analysis, and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) biodegradability assays. The AOP processes at the conditions applied did not lead to significant changes in the SON concentrations for the wastewater effluents examined. However, fingerprinting and quantification of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in untreated and AOP treated samples using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis revealed changes in DOM pool composition with various AOP treatments. This suggests that there may also be changes in organic nutrients composition. Based on biodegradability assessments, AOP treatments likely changed the composition and biodegradability of the SON compounds in the effluents. The impact of AOP treatments on effluent biodegradable SON (BSON) varied depending on the effluent and the AOP treatment. The BSON concentration increased by 0.02-0.2 mg/L (4-47%) after AOP treatment in one effluent, while the concentration decreased by 0.12-0.14 mg/L (60-69%) in another sample. For the secondary effluent sample, release of ammonia (0.04-0.1 mg/L) was observed during 15-day BSON incubation period for those samples treated with H2O2 or UV/H2O2, suggesting that the AOP treatments might lead to oxidation of colloidal organic matter in the filtered effluent. Comparison of the results among the three different AOPs indicated that the combined UV/H2O2 treatment was more effective at oxidizing some of the org
{"title":"Impact of Advanced Oxidation Processes on the Composition and Biodegradability of Soluble Organic Nutrients in Wastewater Effluents","authors":"A. Gu, N. Tooker","doi":"10.2166/9781780408040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780408040","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics and bioavailability of wastewater derived “refractory” organic nutrients and their susceptibility to removal has drawn significant attention from both regulatory agencies and wastewater utilities. As suggested by recent studies, the bioavailability of effluent organic nutrients to algae is relatively high. This implies that discharge of effluent organic nutrients from water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) may contribute to eutrophication potential. Therefore, investigation into alternative technologies for organic nutrients transformation and reduction, and the mechanisms involved in those processes, is warranted with the ultimate goal of improved eutrophication control. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been shown to be capable of reducing the concentrations of soluble organic nutrients and converting specific nutrient-containing organic compounds into simpler or more biodegradable forms. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the impact of AOP treatments on the speciation and composition of soluble nutrients and consequently their biodegradability in wastewater effluents. Secondary or tertiary effluents from three selected wastewater treatment plants were collected. Each effluent was treated with three different AOPs, including low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and a combination of UV and H2O2. Both untreated and AOP-treated effluents were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for wastewater characterization, nitrogen speciation analysis, phosphorus speciation analysis, and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) biodegradability assays. The AOP processes at the conditions applied did not lead to significant changes in the SON concentrations for the wastewater effluents examined. However, fingerprinting and quantification of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in untreated and AOP treated samples using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis revealed changes in DOM pool composition with various AOP treatments. This suggests that there may also be changes in organic nutrients composition. Based on biodegradability assessments, AOP treatments likely changed the composition and biodegradability of the SON compounds in the effluents. The impact of AOP treatments on effluent biodegradable SON (BSON) varied depending on the effluent and the AOP treatment. The BSON concentration increased by 0.02-0.2 mg/L (4-47%) after AOP treatment in one effluent, while the concentration decreased by 0.12-0.14 mg/L (60-69%) in another sample. For the secondary effluent sample, release of ammonia (0.04-0.1 mg/L) was observed during 15-day BSON incubation period for those samples treated with H2O2 or UV/H2O2, suggesting that the AOP treatments might lead to oxidation of colloidal organic matter in the filtered effluent. Comparison of the results among the three different AOPs indicated that the combined UV/H2O2 treatment was more effective at oxidizing some of the org","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"16 1","pages":"9781780408040-9781780408040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The wastewater industry is continuously seeking new technologies that will reduce the need for purchased energy and improve its ability to beneficially recover resources. In addition, within energy-positive technologies such as co-digestion that have begun to see wide levels of deployment, there are continuing efforts to improve performance. This research reviews 18 specific technology areas to assess their current level of maturity, projected impact on sector-wide energy use, and potential opportunities for adoption. Based on input from researchers active in emerging technologies, mainstream shortcut nitrogen and pyrolysis/gasification appear to be the technology areas most likely to be adopted in the near term. These technologies are the most mature and their deployment timeline is estimated to be relatively short. Mainstream shortcut N removal and mainstream anaerobic treatment are expected to have the greatest impact on energy use in the wastewater sector in the near term. Increased fundamental understanding of anaerobic communities was cited as a crucial component of future advancement for both new technologies, and for optimization of existing technologies such as anaerobic digestion. Refining new methods to accomplish real-time monitoring of anaerobic community system functions was seen as a crucial part of this research. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780408033 (eBook)
{"title":"Assessment of Technology Advancements for Future Energy Reduction","authors":"Nancy Andrews, J. Willis, Chris Muller","doi":"10.2166/9781780408033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780408033","url":null,"abstract":"The wastewater industry is continuously seeking new technologies that will reduce the need for purchased energy and improve its ability to beneficially recover resources. In addition, within energy-positive technologies such as co-digestion that have begun to see wide levels of deployment, there are continuing efforts to improve performance. This research reviews 18 specific technology areas to assess their current level of maturity, projected impact on sector-wide energy use, and potential opportunities for adoption. Based on input from researchers active in emerging technologies, mainstream shortcut nitrogen and pyrolysis/gasification appear to be the technology areas most likely to be adopted in the near term. These technologies are the most mature and their deployment timeline is estimated to be relatively short. Mainstream shortcut N removal and mainstream anaerobic treatment are expected to have the greatest impact on energy use in the wastewater sector in the near term. Increased fundamental understanding of anaerobic communities was cited as a crucial component of future advancement for both new technologies, and for optimization of existing technologies such as anaerobic digestion. Refining new methods to accomplish real-time monitoring of anaerobic community system functions was seen as a crucial part of this research. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780408033 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"47 1","pages":"9781780408033-9781780408033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85032756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overall goal of this project was to investigate approaches to manage regrowth, odors, and sudden increase (ROSI) of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in biosolids cake exposed to high-shear dewatering such as centrifuges. The project entailed two phases. The first phase was focused on filling critical research gaps that provided the fundamental insights for developing solutions to these issues and included method development. The second phase focused on evaluating field solutions. The results from this work supported the hypothesis that sudden increase was a result of incomplete inactivation of indicators bacteria. Results suggested that U.S. EPA Method 1680 likely underestimated the viable density of indicators in some samples after thermal treatment, and showed that, to achieve complete inactivation of indicator bacteria, a slightly higher time-temperature regime is likely needed. The project team proposed a new best-practices time-temperature curve. In addition, processes were identified that had a relatively high risk of sudden increase (SI) and regrowth. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was used to identify the persistent/long-term odorants in centrifuged biosolids. The main persistent odorants contributing to cake odors were indole, skatole, p-cresol, and butyric acid. All of these compounds are breakdown products of organics mainly protein as well as carbohydrates and fats, suggesting that processes that remove the readily bioavailable form of these precursors will help reduce odors in biosolids. The results showed that the level of odorants measured after longer-term storage was correlated to the shorter-term total volatile organic compound (TVOSC) concentrations. Several amendments added to centrifuge cake were able to reduce odors and/or regrowth significantly. Incubation of anaerobically digested biosolids with protein-degrading enzymes resulted in additional gas production as well as in a reduction in odorants after dewatering. Also, better digestion was associated with lower odorants, and primary solids produced greater odorant concentrations compared with secondary solids. Longer term storage of biosolids, greater than 20 days at ambient temperatures (15–30°C), was shown in a field trial to produce a product with low odors that met the fecal coliform requirements for Class B biosolids. No benefits between outdoor and indoor storage were measured. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780404578 (eBook)
{"title":"Wastewater Treatment Plant Design and Operation Modifications to Improve Management of Biosolids: Regrowth, Odors, and Sudden Increase in Indicator Organisms","authors":"M. Higgins, S. Murthy","doi":"10.2166/9781780404578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780404578","url":null,"abstract":"The overall goal of this project was to investigate approaches to manage regrowth, odors, and sudden increase (ROSI) of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in biosolids cake exposed to high-shear dewatering such as centrifuges. The project entailed two phases. The first phase was focused on filling critical research gaps that provided the fundamental insights for developing solutions to these issues and included method development. The second phase focused on evaluating field solutions. The results from this work supported the hypothesis that sudden increase was a result of incomplete inactivation of indicators bacteria. Results suggested that U.S. EPA Method 1680 likely underestimated the viable density of indicators in some samples after thermal treatment, and showed that, to achieve complete inactivation of indicator bacteria, a slightly higher time-temperature regime is likely needed. The project team proposed a new best-practices time-temperature curve. In addition, processes were identified that had a relatively high risk of sudden increase (SI) and regrowth. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was used to identify the persistent/long-term odorants in centrifuged biosolids. The main persistent odorants contributing to cake odors were indole, skatole, p-cresol, and butyric acid. All of these compounds are breakdown products of organics mainly protein as well as carbohydrates and fats, suggesting that processes that remove the readily bioavailable form of these precursors will help reduce odors in biosolids. The results showed that the level of odorants measured after longer-term storage was correlated to the shorter-term total volatile organic compound (TVOSC) concentrations. Several amendments added to centrifuge cake were able to reduce odors and/or regrowth significantly. Incubation of anaerobically digested biosolids with protein-degrading enzymes resulted in additional gas production as well as in a reduction in odorants after dewatering. Also, better digestion was associated with lower odorants, and primary solids produced greater odorant concentrations compared with secondary solids. Longer term storage of biosolids, greater than 20 days at ambient temperatures (15–30°C), was shown in a field trial to produce a product with low odors that met the fecal coliform requirements for Class B biosolids. No benefits between outdoor and indoor storage were measured. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780404578 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781780404578-9781780404578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76002531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project included evaluation of operational practices and performance results for wastewater treatment plants designed to meet very low effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. As stringent phosphorus limits of 0.1 mg/L and lower are becoming more common, there is a need to better understand factors impacting the sustainability of operating to meet these limits. This effort focuses on maximizing what can be learned from existing facilities to help utilities operate more sustainably while achieving the necessary level of performance. Phosphorus removal practices were evaluated using performance data for 11 water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Assessments were made of overall performance, chemical consumption, influent characteristics, tertiary treatment performance, and resource recovery. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated for the phosphorus removal component of each WRRF. In addition, several research elements were examined at full scale to help establish the effectiveness and the practical differences in performance. These items include impacts of chemical dosing location and waste chemical solids on phosphorus removal operation; impacts of primary sludge, return activated sludge (RAS) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) fermentation on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR); and impacts of EBPR on anaerobically digested biosolids dewaterability. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780406923 (eBook)
{"title":"Evaluation of Performance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Plants Achieving Low Phosphorus Effluents","authors":"C. Debarbadillo, J. Barnard, M. Benisch, M. Falk","doi":"10.2166/9781780406923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780406923","url":null,"abstract":"This project included evaluation of operational practices and performance results for wastewater treatment plants designed to meet very low effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. As stringent phosphorus limits of 0.1 mg/L and lower are becoming more common, there is a need to better understand factors impacting the sustainability of operating to meet these limits. This effort focuses on maximizing what can be learned from existing facilities to help utilities operate more sustainably while achieving the necessary level of performance. Phosphorus removal practices were evaluated using performance data for 11 water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Assessments were made of overall performance, chemical consumption, influent characteristics, tertiary treatment performance, and resource recovery. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated for the phosphorus removal component of each WRRF. In addition, several research elements were examined at full scale to help establish the effectiveness and the practical differences in performance. These items include impacts of chemical dosing location and waste chemical solids on phosphorus removal operation; impacts of primary sludge, return activated sludge (RAS) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) fermentation on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR); and impacts of EBPR on anaerobically digested biosolids dewaterability. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780406923 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"18 1","pages":"9781780406923-9781780406923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74699601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Brdjanovic, P. Nielsen, C. López-Vázquez, M. Loosdrecht
Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment has advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a fundamentally-based first-principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, and physical and bioprocess engineering, often involving experimental laboratory work and techniques. Many of these experimental methods and techniques have matured to the degree that they have been accepted as reliable tools in wastewater treatment research and practice. For sector professionals, especially the new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access to advanced level laboratory courses in wastewater treatment is not readily available. In addition, information on innovative experimental methods is scattered across scientific literature and only partially available in the form of textbooks or guidelines. This book seeks to address these deficiencies. It assembles and integrates the innovative experimental methods developed by research groups and practitioners around the world and broadly applied in wastewater treatment research and practice. Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment book forms part of the internet-based curriculum in sanitary engineering at UNESCO-IHE and, as such, may also be used together with video recordings of methods and approaches performed and narrated by the authors, including guidelines on best experimental practices. The book is written for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, laboratory staff, plant operators, consultants, and other sector professionals. ISBN: 9781780404752 (eBook) ISBN: 9781780404745 (Print)
{"title":"Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment","authors":"D. Brdjanovic, P. Nielsen, C. López-Vázquez, M. Loosdrecht","doi":"10.2166/9781780404752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780404752","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment has advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a fundamentally-based first-principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, and physical and bioprocess engineering, often involving experimental laboratory work and techniques. Many of these experimental methods and techniques have matured to the degree that they have been accepted as reliable tools in wastewater treatment research and practice. For sector professionals, especially the new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access to advanced level laboratory courses in wastewater treatment is not readily available. In addition, information on innovative experimental methods is scattered across scientific literature and only partially available in the form of textbooks or guidelines. This book seeks to address these deficiencies. It assembles and integrates the innovative experimental methods developed by research groups and practitioners around the world and broadly applied in wastewater treatment research and practice. Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment book forms part of the internet-based curriculum in sanitary engineering at UNESCO-IHE and, as such, may also be used together with video recordings of methods and approaches performed and narrated by the authors, including guidelines on best experimental practices. The book is written for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, laboratory staff, plant operators, consultants, and other sector professionals. ISBN: 9781780404752 (eBook) ISBN: 9781780404745 (Print)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"69 1","pages":"9781780404752-9781780404752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76079631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ron Latimer, Joe Rohrbacher, Vivi Nguyen, W. Khunjar, S. Jeyanayagam, Ronald Alexander, C. Mehta, D. Batstone
This report presents a review of extractive nutrient recovery technologies with an emphasis on bridging the knowledge gap faced by utilities when considering nutrient recovery for nutrient management. The report provides a framework for selecting a nutrient recovery option and, depending on the conditions at a water resource recovery facility, establishes whether keeping phosphorus in biosolids is more or less beneficial than concentrating it in an inorganic phase such as struvite.
{"title":"Towards a Renewable Future: Assessing Resource Recovery as a Viable Treatment Alternative State of the Science and Market Assessment","authors":"Ron Latimer, Joe Rohrbacher, Vivi Nguyen, W. Khunjar, S. Jeyanayagam, Ronald Alexander, C. Mehta, D. Batstone","doi":"10.2166/9781780407883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780407883","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a review of extractive nutrient recovery technologies with an emphasis on bridging the knowledge gap faced by utilities when considering nutrient recovery for nutrient management. The report provides a framework for selecting a nutrient recovery option and, depending on the conditions at a water resource recovery facility, establishes whether keeping phosphorus in biosolids is more or less beneficial than concentrating it in an inorganic phase such as struvite.","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"46 1","pages":"9781780407883-9781780407883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82137038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Etnier, R. Pinkham, R. Crites, D. Johnstone, M. Clark, A. Macrellis
This study, managed by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) and funded by the U.S. EPA, identified the principal barriers that prevent engineers from giving equitable consideration to decentralized wastewater treatment options. The barriers were prioritized to determine which were the most influential and solvable, then strategies and actions were identified through which engineers can overcome the most influential barriers. While the barriers can seem daunting, it is important to keep in mind how much progress has been made. The decentralized wastewater treatment industry has become significantly more professional, many great examples of success exist, and knowledgeable champions of the decentralized field are sharing what they know in an effort to encourage the use of decentralized systems. With funding becoming more constrained nationally, and the funding gap for necessary wastewater infrastructure continually growing under the old centralized paradigm, the time may be right for new alternatives to gain traction. It will take hard and persistent work by many; however, that is the call of this study. If we each take on what we can and particularly if we each become champions for others, then the barriers will tumble and the wastewater issues faced by our communities will be solved by the best overall available solutions. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843395218 (eBook)
{"title":"Research Digest: Promoting Equitable Consideration of Decentralized Wastewater Options","authors":"C. Etnier, R. Pinkham, R. Crites, D. Johnstone, M. Clark, A. Macrellis","doi":"10.2166/9781843395218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843395218","url":null,"abstract":"This study, managed by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) and funded by the U.S. EPA, identified the principal barriers that prevent engineers from giving equitable consideration to decentralized wastewater treatment options. The barriers were prioritized to determine which were the most influential and solvable, then strategies and actions were identified through which engineers can overcome the most influential barriers.\u0000\u0000While the barriers can seem daunting, it is important to keep in mind how much progress has been made. The decentralized wastewater treatment industry has become significantly more professional, many great examples of success exist, and knowledgeable champions of the decentralized field are sharing what they know in an effort to encourage the use of decentralized systems. With funding becoming more constrained nationally, and the funding gap for necessary wastewater infrastructure continually growing under the old centralized paradigm, the time may be right for new alternatives to gain traction. It will take hard and persistent work by many; however, that is the call of this study. If we each take on what we can and particularly if we each become champions for others, then the barriers will tumble and the wastewater issues faced by our communities will be solved by the best overall available solutions.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843395218 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"6 1","pages":"9781843395218-9781843395218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75714905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minewater Treatment - Technology, Application and Policy, was produced based on the findings of the research to aid in the selection, design and implementation of the most appropriate treatment techniques for particular minewater discharges. Much work has been carried out in recent decades concerning minewater treatment, both in the UK and worldwide. Many different bodies and organizations are involved in developing minewater treatment processes and schemes. Minewater Treatment addresses the need for a single source of state-of-the-art information that draws all the latest research material together. Relevant scientific subject matter is presented in a concise, easily accessible manner to assist with the objective assessment of the progress made to date. Heavily illustrated with many colour photographs, the book allows best use to be made of the collective experience of minewater treatment practitioners throughout the UK, whilst at the same time placing the UK experience within a global context. An invaluable reference work for mining companies, consultants, planning officers, environmental research scientists, environmental agencies, water utilities and regulatory bodies, Minewater Treatment is a definitive source of information on minewater treatment technologies and will help facilitate the selection of the most appropriate technique required to tackle particular minewater discharge problems. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843390046 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402185 (eBook)
{"title":"Minewater Treatment - Technology, Application and Policy","authors":"M. Brown, B. Barley, H. Wood","doi":"10.2166/9781780402185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402185","url":null,"abstract":"Minewater Treatment - Technology, Application and Policy, was produced based on the findings of the research to aid in the selection, design and implementation of the most appropriate treatment techniques for particular minewater discharges.\u0000\u0000Much work has been carried out in recent decades concerning minewater treatment, both in the UK and worldwide. Many different bodies and organizations are involved in developing minewater treatment processes and schemes. Minewater Treatment addresses the need for a single source of state-of-the-art information that draws all the latest research material together.\u0000\u0000Relevant scientific subject matter is presented in a concise, easily accessible manner to assist with the objective assessment of the progress made to date. Heavily illustrated with many colour photographs, the book allows best use to be made of the collective experience of minewater treatment practitioners throughout the UK, whilst at the same time placing the UK experience within a global context.\u0000\u0000An invaluable reference work for mining companies, consultants, planning officers, environmental research scientists, environmental agencies, water utilities and regulatory bodies, Minewater Treatment is a definitive source of information on minewater treatment technologies and will help facilitate the selection of the most appropriate technique required to tackle particular minewater discharge problems.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843390046 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402185 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"45 4 1","pages":"9781780402185-9781780402185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85030828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A literature review was conducted to assess the current status of knowledge on the composition of raw wastewater and primary treated effluent (i.e., septic tank effluent) from single source onsite wastewater systems. The overall goal of this research project is to characterize the extent of conventional constituents, microbial constituents, and organic wastewater contaminants in single source onsite raw wastewater and primary treated effluent to aid onsite wastewater system design and management. Information obtained was evaluated using cumulative frequency distributions to compare individual constituent concentrations in various waste streams and by using data qualifiers to enable assessment of parameters that might affect single source waste stream composition. To supplement information on the single source raw wastewater and primary treated effluent composition, state agencies responsible for onsite wastewater regulation were contacted to assess the prevalence of different system types installed and in operation. Selected demographics that capture differences in lifestyle habits that could affect raw wastewater composition were also assessed. A large amount of data was captured by this literature review, however information gaps were identified. The information presented here will be used to guide future project monitoring and assessment of modern raw wastewater waste streams. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397731 (eBook)
{"title":"Influent Constituent Characteristics of the Modern Waste Stream from Single Sources: Literature Review","authors":"K. Lowe","doi":"10.2166/9781843397731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397731","url":null,"abstract":"A literature review was conducted to assess the current status of knowledge on the composition of raw wastewater and primary treated effluent (i.e., septic tank effluent) from single source onsite wastewater systems.\u0000\u0000The overall goal of this research project is to characterize the extent of conventional constituents, microbial constituents, and organic wastewater contaminants in single source onsite raw wastewater and primary treated effluent to aid onsite wastewater system design and management.\u0000\u0000Information obtained was evaluated using cumulative frequency distributions to compare individual constituent concentrations in various waste streams and by using data qualifiers to enable assessment of parameters that might affect single source waste stream composition. To supplement information on the single source raw wastewater and primary treated effluent composition, state agencies responsible for onsite wastewater regulation were contacted to assess the prevalence of different system types installed and in operation. Selected demographics that capture differences in lifestyle habits that could affect raw wastewater composition were also assessed.\u0000\u0000A large amount of data was captured by this literature review, however information gaps were identified. The information presented here will be used to guide future project monitoring and assessment of modern raw wastewater waste streams.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397731 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"38 1","pages":"9781843397731-9781843397731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous pharmaceutical substances and their metabolites have been identified in the aquatic environment. Due to their unique environmental fate and lack of appropriate biomonitoring techniques, the potential risk of these compounds to public and environmental health has largely been undetermined. Recent interest in quantifying pharmaceuticals in waste effluents and aquatic environments has identified the need to develop bioanalytical assays that will accurately reflect presence of these compounds. The goal of this research was to investigate the use of DNA microarrays as a bioanalytical tool for analysis of pharmaceutical contamination in re-use waters. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397373 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403861 (eBook)
{"title":"Innovative DNA Array Technology Detection of Pharmaceuticals Reclaimed Water","authors":"S. Kullman","doi":"10.2166/9781780403861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403861","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous pharmaceutical substances and their metabolites have been identified in the aquatic environment. Due to their unique environmental fate and lack of appropriate biomonitoring techniques, the potential risk of these compounds to public and environmental health has largely been undetermined.\u0000\u0000Recent interest in quantifying pharmaceuticals in waste effluents and aquatic environments has identified the need to develop bioanalytical assays that will accurately reflect presence of these compounds. The goal of this research was to investigate the use of DNA microarrays as a bioanalytical tool for analysis of pharmaceutical contamination in re-use waters.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397373 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403861 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781780403861-9781780403861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78478444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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