This report assesses the degree of interference of human activities with the hydrosphere in mountain-zones, all located in hard-rock areas of different countries in the European Union. Each of the test-regions has a specific degree of protection: from regions with very few inhabitants and very low human impact, to regions submitted to a strong anthropogenic impact. The investigations focused on the changes in water quality and on the simulation of various alternatives leading to optimum landscape-use from the point of view of water-management. The project's own Geographic Information System was used to fulfil the following objective: present all the obtained knowledge and analyse all the data in user-friendly form (maps of water vulnerability) and make this knowledge available for potential users with, for instance, the creation and use of a web site. A simulation tool has been developed which facilitates the assessment of the impact of landscape-use on the water budget of the catchment. In all the areas investigated chloride is present, only in winter and very close to roads. Another result of this work is the decreasing impact on water of sulphur and sulphuric compounds in Germany and in the Czech Republic, while the nitrogen impact is increasing. Recommendations concerning the landscape-use presented for all the regions in particular for good practices in agriculture This title belongs to European Water Research Series ISBN: 9781843391937 (eBook)
{"title":"LOWRGREP: Landscape-use optimisation with regards to the groundwater resources protection in mountain hardrock areas","authors":"B. Vayssade","doi":"10.2166/9781843391937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843391937","url":null,"abstract":"This report assesses the degree of interference of human activities with the hydrosphere in mountain-zones, all located in hard-rock areas of different countries in the European Union. Each of the test-regions has a specific degree of protection: from regions with very few inhabitants and very low human impact, to regions submitted to a strong anthropogenic impact. The investigations focused on the changes in water quality and on the simulation of various alternatives leading to optimum landscape-use from the point of view of water-management. The project's own Geographic Information System was used to fulfil the following objective: present all the obtained knowledge and analyse all the data in user-friendly form (maps of water vulnerability) and make this knowledge available for potential users with, for instance, the creation and use of a web site. A simulation tool has been developed which facilitates the assessment of the impact of landscape-use on the water budget of the catchment. In all the areas investigated chloride is present, only in winter and very close to roads. Another result of this work is the decreasing impact on water of sulphur and sulphuric compounds in Germany and in the Czech Republic, while the nitrogen impact is increasing. Recommendations concerning the landscape-use presented for all the regions in particular for good practices in agriculture\u0000\u0000This title belongs to European Water Research Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843391937 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"12 1","pages":"9781843391937-9781843391937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82220203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research has shown that the concentrations of microbial indicator organisms (e.g., fecal coliforms) in stormwater may be quite high. However, studies have not clearly established relationships between the concentrations of indicator organisms and microbial pathogens in stormwater, or between stormwater indicator organism concentrations and illness. Thus, it is difficult to interpret indicator data collected by local public agencies in the context of potential risk to human health. The primary objective of this investigation was to generate guidance to enable more accurate and defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risks to human health from exposure to microbial pathogens in stormwater. The investigation consisted of three major tasks: reviewing and summarizing relevant published literature, conducting a web-based data questionnaire and developing a science-directed data collection plan. Topics discussed include: 1. waterborne pathogens that pose the greatest risk to human health, 2. concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms observed in stormwater, 3. defensible relations between indicator organisms and pathogens of public health concern in stormwater, 4. the environmental fate of pathogens and indicator organisms in stormwater, 5. the use of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to identify sources of fecal contamination, and 6. the effectiveness of stormwater microorganism control technologies and associated costs. Additionally, recommended next steps needed to enable defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risk to human health from exposure to stormwater are presented. Next steps include the development of interim guidance for management prioritization, pathogens enumeration method development, and pilot and nation-wide data collection programs. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397670 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403809 (eBook)
{"title":"Development of a Protocol for Risk Assessment of Microorganisms in Separate Stormwater Systems","authors":"A. Olivieri","doi":"10.2166/9781780403809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403809","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that the concentrations of microbial indicator organisms (e.g., fecal coliforms) in stormwater may be quite high. However, studies have not clearly established relationships between the concentrations of indicator organisms and microbial pathogens in stormwater, or between stormwater indicator organism concentrations and illness. Thus, it is difficult to interpret indicator data collected by local public agencies in the context of potential risk to human health.\u0000\u0000The primary objective of this investigation was to generate guidance to enable more accurate and defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risks to human health from exposure to microbial pathogens in stormwater.\u0000\u0000The investigation consisted of three major tasks: reviewing and summarizing relevant published literature, conducting a web-based data questionnaire and developing a science-directed data collection plan. Topics discussed include: \u0000\u00001. waterborne pathogens that pose the greatest risk to human health,\u0000\u00002. concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms observed in stormwater,\u0000\u00003. defensible relations between indicator organisms and pathogens of public health concern in stormwater,\u0000\u00004. the environmental fate of pathogens and indicator organisms in stormwater,\u0000\u00005. the use of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to identify sources of fecal contamination, and\u0000\u00006. the effectiveness of stormwater microorganism control technologies and associated costs.\u0000\u0000Additionally, recommended next steps needed to enable defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risk to human health from exposure to stormwater are presented. Next steps include the development of interim guidance for management prioritization, pathogens enumeration method development, and pilot and nation-wide data collection programs.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397670 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403809 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"35 1","pages":"9781780403809-9781780403809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87817137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ohgaki, K. Fukushi, H. Katayama, S. Takizawa, C. Polprasert
Southeast Asia has undergone rapid commercial and industrial development over the past half century, which continues to bring economic stability and prosperity to its inhabitants. The combined impacts of population growth, urbanization, and industrialization continue to put pressure on the natural resources and the environment. At the same time, globalization is another momentous challenge for the region. Southeast Asian megacities are some of the most dynamic and diverse regions, which are playing a key role in achieving global sustainability. Twelve out of nineteen megacities of the world are located in the region, where highly developed areas coexist with poorly developing areas where large economic growth is expected. The poor quality of the living standards of the latter creates many environmental problems that are major threats to the inhabitants of the region. The Southeast Asian environment has been degraded by the release of industrial and domestic wastes, agricultural and aquacultural chemicals, and pollutants from automobiles. It suffers from water-related disasters, Tsunami, floods, typhoons, etc. In order to deal with these issues an integrated approach from the inhibitants, governments and researchers is essential. The environmental threats arising from the increasing population, overuse of natural resources, industrialization, urbanization, and natural disasters present ever increasing challenges to pursuing sustainable development of the region. Many developed countries such as Japan have experiences of dealing with severe environmental pollution and this publication is the result of building an academic network among researchers of related fields from different regions to exchange information. The most important articles presented at the international symposium: Southeast Asian Water Environment (Bangkok 2003) have been selected for this book on the following topics: This book will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with achieving global sustainability within the water environment in developing regions, including researchers, policy makers, NGOs and NPOs. This title belongs to Southeast Asian Water Environment Series ISBN: 9781843390985 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402987 (eBook)
{"title":"Southeast Asian Water Environment 1","authors":"S. Ohgaki, K. Fukushi, H. Katayama, S. Takizawa, C. Polprasert","doi":"10.2166/9781780402987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402987","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia has undergone rapid commercial and industrial development over the past half century, which continues to bring economic stability and prosperity to its inhabitants. The combined impacts of population growth, urbanization, and industrialization continue to put pressure on the natural resources and the environment. At the same time, globalization is another momentous challenge for the region.\u0000\u0000Southeast Asian megacities are some of the most dynamic and diverse regions, which are playing a key role in achieving global sustainability. Twelve out of nineteen megacities of the world are located in the region, where highly developed areas coexist with poorly developing areas where large economic growth is expected. The poor quality of the living standards of the latter creates many environmental problems that are major threats to the inhabitants of the region.\u0000\u0000The Southeast Asian environment has been degraded by the release of industrial and domestic wastes, agricultural and aquacultural chemicals, and pollutants from automobiles. It suffers from water-related disasters, Tsunami, floods, typhoons, etc. In order to deal with these issues an integrated approach from the inhibitants, governments and researchers is essential.\u0000\u0000The environmental threats arising from the increasing population, overuse of natural resources, industrialization, urbanization, and natural disasters present ever increasing challenges to pursuing sustainable development of the region. Many developed countries such as Japan have experiences of dealing with severe environmental pollution and this publication is the result of building an academic network among researchers of related fields from different regions to exchange information.\u0000\u0000The most important articles presented at the international symposium: Southeast Asian Water Environment (Bangkok 2003) have been selected for this book on the following topics: \u0000\u0000This book will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with achieving global sustainability within the water environment in developing regions, including researchers, policy makers, NGOs and NPOs.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to Southeast Asian Water Environment Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843390985 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402987 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"62 1","pages":"9781780402987-9781780402987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86066993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing chemical consumption and sludge production. However, there is still substantial variability in both the practices applied to achieve EBPR and the level of soluble phosphorus removal achieved. The objective of this research project was to develop information that can be used to help municipal wastewater treatment plants more efficiently and cost effectively remove phosphorus through EBPR processes. This project included detailed analysis of routine water quality and operating data, field testing observations, and special studies conducted over the course of the project to evaluate the variability of EBPR, factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397403 (Print) ISBN: 9781780404479 (eBook)
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Reliability of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal","authors":"J. Neethling","doi":"10.2166/9781780404479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780404479","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing chemical consumption and sludge production. However, there is still substantial variability in both the practices applied to achieve EBPR and the level of soluble phosphorus removal achieved.\u0000\u0000The objective of this research project was to develop information that can be used to help municipal wastewater treatment plants more efficiently and cost effectively remove phosphorus through EBPR processes. This project included detailed analysis of routine water quality and operating data, field testing observations, and special studies conducted over the course of the project to evaluate the variability of EBPR, factors influencing EBPR performance, and the relationship between EBPR and the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs).\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397403 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780404479 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"9 1","pages":"9781780404479-9781780404479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86537282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Performance assessment has been one of the hottest topics in the water industry in the past decade. In that period, the International Water Association has played a key role, and the performance indicators systems developed for drinking water and wastewater utilities have become a reference worldwide. This book represents a collection of the papers presented to the Pi08 Conference, in Valencia, Spain (March 2008). The conference represents the final stage in the COST C18 Action, funded by the EU and brings together some of the most relevant professionals in the water industry. The book covers the latest trends in performance assessment, as well as relevant case studies from practical applications in utilities around the globe. Themes: ISBN: 9781780401942 (eBook) ISBN: 9781843391913 (Print)
{"title":"Performance Assessment of Urban Infrastructure Services","authors":"E. Cabrera, M. Pardo","doi":"10.2166/9781780401942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780401942","url":null,"abstract":"Performance assessment has been one of the hottest topics in the water industry in the past decade. In that period, the International Water Association has played a key role, and the performance indicators systems developed for drinking water and wastewater utilities have become a reference worldwide.\u0000\u0000This book represents a collection of the papers presented to the Pi08 Conference, in Valencia, Spain (March 2008). The conference represents the final stage in the COST C18 Action, funded by the EU and brings together some of the most relevant professionals in the water industry.\u0000\u0000The book covers the latest trends in performance assessment, as well as relevant case studies from practical applications in utilities around the globe.\u0000\u0000Themes: \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780401942 (eBook)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843391913 (Print)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"42 1","pages":"9781780401942-9781780401942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82742544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Municipal wastewater treatment facilities were not specifically designed to remove xenobiotics such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). European studies have described the need for a minimum critical SRT to achieve good removal of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. These studies have presented limited data on PPCPs from full-scale facilities. The objective of this study was to expand published findings to the removal of twenty PPCPs commonly found in the influent of full-scale treatment facilities operating in the United States. The six selected facilities cover operating SRT conditions ranging from 0.5 to 30 days and include facility capacities in excess of 300 mgd. The results demonstrate a wide distribution in both the occurrence of these compounds in the influent to secondary treatment processes and the percentage removal achieved through secondary treatment. The twenty PPCPs were categorized into nine bin combinations of occurrence and treatment reduction. While a large number of these compounds were well removed, one in particular (galaxolide) occurred frequently and was resistant to removal. A minimum critical SRT, defined in this study as the minimum time needed to consistently demonstrate greater than 80 percent removal (SRT80), was determined for the twenty target compounds. SRT80 was compound-dependent with most compounds consistently removed at 5 to 15 days. There was a small group of compounds that required longer SRTs. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397724 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403830 (eBook)
{"title":"Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Through Wastewater Treatment Processes","authors":"R. Stephenson","doi":"10.2166/9781780403830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403830","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal wastewater treatment facilities were not specifically designed to remove xenobiotics such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). European studies have described the need for a minimum critical SRT to achieve good removal of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. These studies have presented limited data on PPCPs from full-scale facilities. The objective of this study was to expand published findings to the removal of twenty PPCPs commonly found in the influent of full-scale treatment facilities operating in the United States. The six selected facilities cover operating SRT conditions ranging from 0.5 to 30 days and include facility capacities in excess of 300 mgd.\u0000\u0000The results demonstrate a wide distribution in both the occurrence of these compounds in the influent to secondary treatment processes and the percentage removal achieved through secondary treatment. The twenty PPCPs were categorized into nine bin combinations of occurrence and treatment reduction. While a large number of these compounds were well removed, one in particular (galaxolide) occurred frequently and was resistant to removal. A minimum critical SRT, defined in this study as the minimum time needed to consistently demonstrate greater than 80 percent removal (SRT80), was determined for the twenty target compounds. SRT80 was compound-dependent with most compounds consistently removed at 5 to 15 days. There was a small group of compounds that required longer SRTs.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397724 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403830 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"65 1","pages":"9781780403830-9781780403830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90483944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Adaptiveness of IWRM provides new insights and knowledge on the challenges and solutions that current water management faces in a situation of complexity and uncertainty. Drawing on the available results from a wide range of European research projects under several framework programmes, the book provides an overview of the state of the art in European research on Integrated Water Resources Management on the topics of Participation, Transboundary regimes, Economics, Vulnerability, Climate change, Advanced monitoring, Spatial planning, and the Social dimensions of water management. The achievements of EU research projects are considered in view of the extent to which IWRM responds to the current complexity and uncertainty water management is facing. These achievements are positioned in a wider context of worldwide developments in the respective topics which account for the future challenges. From this, the book concludes with the required focus of European research in the near future and promotes the concept of Adaptive Water Management as the preferred direction for the development of IWRM. The book presents the achievements of European IWRM research on a range of water management topics and offers conclusions and recommendations for research foci that will be invaluable to water managers, policy-makers and academic researchers working in the field of IWRM.
{"title":"The Adaptiveness of IWRM: Analysing European IWRM research","authors":"J. Timmerman, C. Pahl‐Wostl, J. Möltgen","doi":"10.2166/9781780401911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780401911","url":null,"abstract":"The Adaptiveness of IWRM provides new insights and knowledge on the challenges and solutions that current water management faces in a situation of complexity and uncertainty. Drawing on the available results from a wide range of European research projects under several framework programmes, the book provides an overview of the state of the art in European research on Integrated Water Resources Management on the topics of Participation, Transboundary regimes, Economics, Vulnerability, Climate change, Advanced monitoring, Spatial planning, and the Social dimensions of water management. The achievements of EU research projects are considered in view of the extent to which IWRM responds to the current complexity and uncertainty water management is facing. These achievements are positioned in a wider context of worldwide developments in the respective topics which account for the future challenges. From this, the book concludes with the required focus of European research in the near future and promotes the concept of Adaptive Water Management as the preferred direction for the development of IWRM. The book presents the achievements of European IWRM research on a range of water management topics and offers conclusions and recommendations for research foci that will be invaluable to water managers, policy-makers and academic researchers working in the field of IWRM.","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"6 1","pages":"9781780401911-9781780401911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88702364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holistic but applicable approaches are urgently needed to help plan long-term, cost-effective and sustainable urban water management systems. Groundwater is a central element in the urban water cycle of all cities located on aquifers, yet it remains inadequately integrated into urban water management practices. This book describes holistic approaches for quantification and balancing of urban water and solute fluxes that have been developed by the joint Euro-Australian research project AISUWRS. The new tools comprise a chain of interconnected models that link urban water supply, urban drainage and urban groundwater resources. These include a new sewer exfiltration, model that is based on pipe asset conditions which permits flows to the environment to be estimated. The book provides details on the further processing of this information through the unsaturated zone down to aquifer, where numerical groundwater flow and transport models are applied. Concise documentation is provided on each of the models. The practicability of applying the chain of models was tested by applying it in four case study cities in Australia, Germany, Slovenia and the United Kingdom that have diverse conditions in terms of hydrogeologic setup, climate and data availability. This permitted additional validation by field investigations, including problem-oriented monitoring campaigns aimed at assessing the impact of wastewater practice on groundwater. The book provides guidance and examples of the application of multilevel piezometers, on adapted monitoring strategies, and the use for interpretation purposes of microbiological parameters, pharmaceutical residues and related marker species. The socio-economic analysis in the case study cities sometimes uncovered distinctively different problem perceptions and priorities, both in the groups of experts responsible for the water management and with the remaining stakeholders. The AISUWRS project has developed tools to foster these urgently required deliberation processes. Methodologies for formal sustainability assessment with a triple bottom line background were also elaborated and tested during the case studies. The case studies have shown that the approach is valid and constitutes an important step towards integrated urban water management This title belongs to European Water Research Series ISBN: 9781843391388 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402437 (eBook)
{"title":"Urban Water Resources Toolbox - Integrating Groundwater into Urban Water Management","authors":"L. Wolf, B. Morris, S. Burn","doi":"10.2166/9781780402437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402437","url":null,"abstract":"Holistic but applicable approaches are urgently needed to help plan long-term, cost-effective and sustainable urban water management systems. Groundwater is a central element in the urban water cycle of all cities located on aquifers, yet it remains inadequately integrated into urban water management practices.\u0000\u0000This book describes holistic approaches for quantification and balancing of urban water and solute fluxes that have been developed by the joint Euro-Australian research project AISUWRS. The new tools comprise a chain of interconnected models that link urban water supply, urban drainage and urban groundwater resources. These include a new sewer exfiltration, model that is based on pipe asset conditions which permits flows to the environment to be estimated. The book provides details on the further processing of this information through the unsaturated zone down to aquifer, where numerical groundwater flow and transport models are applied. Concise documentation is provided on each of the models.\u0000\u0000The practicability of applying the chain of models was tested by applying it in four case study cities in Australia, Germany, Slovenia and the United Kingdom that have diverse conditions in terms of hydrogeologic setup, climate and data availability. This permitted additional validation by field investigations, including problem-oriented monitoring campaigns aimed at assessing the impact of wastewater practice on groundwater.\u0000\u0000The book provides guidance and examples of the application of multilevel piezometers, on adapted monitoring strategies, and the use for interpretation purposes of microbiological parameters, pharmaceutical residues and related marker species.\u0000\u0000The socio-economic analysis in the case study cities sometimes uncovered distinctively different problem perceptions and priorities, both in the groups of experts responsible for the water management and with the remaining stakeholders. The AISUWRS project has developed tools to foster these urgently required deliberation processes. Methodologies for formal sustainability assessment with a triple bottom line background were also elaborated and tested during the case studies.\u0000\u0000The case studies have shown that the approach is valid and constitutes an important step towards integrated urban water management\u0000\u0000This title belongs to European Water Research Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843391388 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402437 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"23 1","pages":"9781780402437-9781780402437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85356458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The respiration rate of activated sludge has generated much interest, because it is an essential variable in the activated sludge process and provides information on biomass activity and concentration of waste components. Recognising the need for an extensive evaluation of respirometry in control of the activated sludge process, IWA published Scientific and Technical Report (STR7): Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles, which included the biological background, measuring principles, measured and deduced variables, an introduction to control system principles and an overview of proposed and applied control strategies. To complete the work, a second STR: Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies was commissioned and, through the generous support of 14 corporate sponsors, a well-defined project was set up with the aim to accomplish an ambitious mission: the development of a simulation protocol (known as the "IWA Simulation Benchmark") and the unbiased evaluation of many respirometry-based control strategies. This Report includes a complete description of the simulation protocol including model plants, simulation procedures and evaluation criteria. Also included in this STR is an overview of the strategy evaluations and a look into the future of respirometry as the basis for control. Finally, to ease the transition from paper to computer, and increase the application of the IWA Simulation Benchmark, a CD is included with many benchmark files and control strategy layouts generated using a variety of simulation platforms including GPS-XTM, STOATTM and WESTTM. This Report will be an invaluable source of information for practitioners and consultants dealing with the operation and control of activated sludge processes, developers of control systems, control software and simulation software, and manufacturers of respirometers and other environmental instruments in all industries dealing with toxic wastes. Scientific and Technical Report No. 11 Also available: Respiromentry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles
{"title":"Respirometry in control of the activated sludge process : benchmarking control strategies","authors":"J. Copp, H. Spanjers, P. Vanrolleghem","doi":"10.2166/9781780405346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780405346","url":null,"abstract":"The respiration rate of activated sludge has generated much interest, because it is an essential variable in the activated sludge process and provides information on biomass activity and concentration of waste components. Recognising the need for an extensive evaluation of respirometry in control of the activated sludge process, IWA published Scientific and Technical Report (STR7): Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles, which included the biological background, measuring principles, measured and deduced variables, an introduction to control system principles and an overview of proposed and applied control strategies. To complete the work, a second STR: Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies was commissioned and, through the generous support of 14 corporate sponsors, a well-defined project was set up with the aim to accomplish an ambitious mission: the development of a simulation protocol (known as the \"IWA Simulation Benchmark\") and the unbiased evaluation of many respirometry-based control strategies. This Report includes a complete description of the simulation protocol including model plants, simulation procedures and evaluation criteria. Also included in this STR is an overview of the strategy evaluations and a look into the future of respirometry as the basis for control. Finally, to ease the transition from paper to computer, and increase the application of the IWA Simulation Benchmark, a CD is included with many benchmark files and control strategy layouts generated using a variety of simulation platforms including GPS-XTM, STOATTM and WESTTM. This Report will be an invaluable source of information for practitioners and consultants dealing with the operation and control of activated sludge processes, developers of control systems, control software and simulation software, and manufacturers of respirometers and other environmental instruments in all industries dealing with toxic wastes. Scientific and Technical Report No. 11 Also available: Respiromentry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"125 1","pages":"9781780405346-9781780405346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89448636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limits on whole effluent toxicity (WET) have been part of the US EPA National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System for sometime. While not all discharge permits have WET limits, it is generally agreed that such limits are an important component of efforts to improve the quality of the nation's surface waters. The goal of this research is to evaluate WET test reliability and precision from the standpoint of test variability, particularly when model-based endpoints are used as mesasures of effect. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397069 (eBook)
{"title":"Accounting for Toxicity Test Variability in Evaluating WET Test Results","authors":"W. Hicks","doi":"10.2166/9781843397069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397069","url":null,"abstract":"Limits on whole effluent toxicity (WET) have been part of the US EPA National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System for sometime. While not all discharge permits have WET limits, it is generally agreed that such limits are an important component of efforts to improve the quality of the nation's surface waters.\u0000\u0000The goal of this research is to evaluate WET test reliability and precision from the standpoint of test variability, particularly when model-based endpoints are used as mesasures of effect.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397069 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781843397069-9781843397069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89731562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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