Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.5755/J01.EE.28.3.16115
M. Todorović, Milan Čupić
5S can be viewed as a system of workplace rules devised to create a safe and productive work environment and to provide efficient and effective realization of business tasks. Its implementation is expected to reduce defects, improve quality, increase safety and the morale of the employees, and improve employees' productivity. It helps company identify problems, create a culture of discipline and make opportunities for improvements more visible. In the present paper, over the period of seven years, we investigate the case of a rubber goods manufacturer from Serbia which has implemented 5S in one of its subsidiaries. To assess the effects of the 5S implementation we use operational and financial performance indicators. Our results suggest that the implementation of 5S can contribute to performance of an organization only in the short and medium term. Relatively limited effects of the 5S implementation could be due to the financial crisis and the fact that the footwear subsidiary invested heavily during the analyzed period. In addition, 5S usually contributes to stabilization and efficiency increase of the business processes in only certain segments of the organization. Subsidiary in our study implemented TDABC to make possible production of information and reports important for efficient decision making and control in the new business environment. This finding points to the importance of the management accounting system improvements after the CIPs implementation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.3.16115
{"title":"How Does 5s Implementation Affect Company Performance? A Case Study Applied to a Subsidiary of a Rubber Goods Manufacturer from Serbia","authors":"M. Todorović, Milan Čupić","doi":"10.5755/J01.EE.28.3.16115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.EE.28.3.16115","url":null,"abstract":"5S can be viewed as a system of workplace rules devised to create a safe and productive work environment and to provide efficient and effective realization of business tasks. Its implementation is expected to reduce defects, improve quality, increase safety and the morale of the employees, and improve employees' productivity. It helps company identify problems, create a culture of discipline and make opportunities for improvements more visible. In the present paper, over the period of seven years, we investigate the case of a rubber goods manufacturer from Serbia which has implemented 5S in one of its subsidiaries. To assess the effects of the 5S implementation we use operational and financial performance indicators. Our results suggest that the implementation of 5S can contribute to performance of an organization only in the short and medium term. Relatively limited effects of the 5S implementation could be due to the financial crisis and the fact that the footwear subsidiary invested heavily during the analyzed period. In addition, 5S usually contributes to stabilization and efficiency increase of the business processes in only certain segments of the organization. Subsidiary in our study implemented TDABC to make possible production of information and reports important for efficient decision making and control in the new business environment. This finding points to the importance of the management accounting system improvements after the CIPs implementation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.3.16115","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127410607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-10DOI: 10.1787/9789264271036-EN
Attila Havas, Matthias Weber
Foresight can be a highly useful tool to address the opportunities and challenges triggered by the next production revolution. As shown by the various country cases considered in this chapter, it facilitates debating and systemic thinking about multiple futures and helps shaping the future through the process of participation and engagement. Given its participatory nature, key actors are mobilised to form shared views about the future, negotiate their future stakes and interests, and agree on actions aligned to their shared vision. The next production revolution requires quick and proactive policy-making, as well as better orchestration across different policy domains. Foresight can assist policy-makers by providing foundations for robust policies, fostering new framing of policy issues, as well as translating long-term concerns into aligned policy priorities. Furthermore, policy implementation is likely to be faster and more effective when key stakeholders are involved early on in shaping these policies. Foresight benefits, however, are far from being automatic: the chapter considers eight factors critical to achieving those. An astute embedding of a foresight process into policy-making enhances the likelihood of impact, but foresight recommendations are no substitute for policy decisions and actions.
{"title":"The Role of Foresight in Shaping the Next Production Revolution","authors":"Attila Havas, Matthias Weber","doi":"10.1787/9789264271036-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264271036-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Foresight can be a highly useful tool to address the opportunities and challenges triggered by the next production revolution. As shown by the various country cases considered in this chapter, it facilitates debating and systemic thinking about multiple futures and helps shaping the future through the process of participation and engagement. Given its participatory nature, key actors are mobilised to form shared views about the future, negotiate their future stakes and interests, and agree on actions aligned to their shared vision. The next production revolution requires quick and proactive policy-making, as well as better orchestration across different policy domains. Foresight can assist policy-makers by providing foundations for robust policies, fostering new framing of policy issues, as well as translating long-term concerns into aligned policy priorities. Furthermore, policy implementation is likely to be faster and more effective when key stakeholders are involved early on in shaping these policies. Foresight benefits, however, are far from being automatic: the chapter considers eight factors critical to achieving those. An astute embedding of a foresight process into policy-making enhances the likelihood of impact, but foresight recommendations are no substitute for policy decisions and actions.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We extend a framework of monopolistically competitive firms heterogeneous in productivity and with endogenous markups (as in Melitz and Ottaviano, 2008) to incorporate the presence of financial frictions. Before producing, firms need to obtain a loan necessary to cover part of production costs, for which they have to pledge collateral in the form of tangible assets. In addition to productivity, firms are also heterogeneous in their financial capability: some firms have access to collateral at lower costs. As a result, financial capability and collateral requirements enter together with productivity in the expression of the equilibrium firm-level markup. At the aggregate level, the model shows that tighter credit constraints in the form of higher collateral requirements mitigate the pro-competitive effect of trade. We validate our theoretical results capitalizing on a representative sample of manufacturing firms surveyed across a subset of European countries during the financial crisis. Guided by theory, we estimate for each firm financial capability, TFP and markups. We then employ those estimates to structurally retrieve from the model a firm-specific measure of collateral requirements (a proxy of credit constraint), and test our main propositions.
{"title":"Markups, Productivity and the Financial Capability of Firms","authors":"C. Altomonte, Domenico Favoino, T. Sonno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2973195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2973195","url":null,"abstract":"We extend a framework of monopolistically competitive firms heterogeneous in productivity and with endogenous markups (as in Melitz and Ottaviano, 2008) to incorporate the presence of financial frictions. Before producing, firms need to obtain a loan necessary to cover part of production costs, for which they have to pledge collateral in the form of tangible assets. In addition to productivity, firms are also heterogeneous in their financial capability: some firms have access to collateral at lower costs. As a result, financial capability and collateral requirements enter together with productivity in the expression of the equilibrium firm-level markup. At the aggregate level, the model shows that tighter credit constraints in the form of higher collateral requirements mitigate the pro-competitive effect of trade. We validate our theoretical results capitalizing on a representative sample of manufacturing firms surveyed across a subset of European countries during the financial crisis. Guided by theory, we estimate for each firm financial capability, TFP and markups. We then employ those estimates to structurally retrieve from the model a firm-specific measure of collateral requirements (a proxy of credit constraint), and test our main propositions.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R&D-based growth models are tested using US data for the period 1953-2014. A general growth model is developed which nests the model varieties of interest. The model implies a cointegrating relationship between multifactor productivity, research intensity, and employment. This relationship is estimated using cointegrated VAR models. The results provide evidence against the widely used fully endogenous variety and in favor of the semi-endogenous variety. Forecasts based on the empirical estimates suggest that the slowdown in US productivity growth will continue. Particularly, the annual long-run growth rate of GDP per worker converges to between zero and 1.1 pct.
{"title":"Testing R&D-Based Endogenous Growth Models","authors":"P. Kruse-Andersen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2947528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2947528","url":null,"abstract":"R&D-based growth models are tested using US data for the period 1953-2014. A general growth model is developed which nests the model varieties of interest. The model implies a cointegrating relationship between multifactor productivity, research intensity, and employment. This relationship is estimated using cointegrated VAR models. The results provide evidence against the widely used fully endogenous variety and in favor of the semi-endogenous variety. Forecasts based on the empirical estimates suggest that the slowdown in US productivity growth will continue. Particularly, the annual long-run growth rate of GDP per worker converges to between zero and 1.1 pct.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130818186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a new “global” market share indicator that complements the traditional export market share analysis by accounting for the foreign value added embodied in the production process and for the performance of national firms on their domestic market. We also consider all the income from activities used in the production to address the manufacturing final demand, namely all activities within the manufacturing value chain. Our results show that the role of services is growing in global value chains. Interestingly, considering our global indicator makes the dynamics of market shares converge among large economies, which can be explained by a de-correlation between national and export performances. This de-correlation appears to reflect greater specialization within global manufacturing value chains.
{"title":"Competition for Global Value Added: Export and Domestic Market Shares","authors":"R. Cezar, Duguet Adrien, G. Gaulier, V. Vicard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2983674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2983674","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new “global” market share indicator that complements the traditional export market share analysis by accounting for the foreign value added embodied in the production process and for the performance of national firms on their domestic market. We also consider all the income from activities used in the production to address the manufacturing final demand, namely all activities within the manufacturing value chain. Our results show that the role of services is growing in global value chains. Interestingly, considering our global indicator makes the dynamics of market shares converge among large economies, which can be explained by a de-correlation between national and export performances. This de-correlation appears to reflect greater specialization within global manufacturing value chains.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of investment in knowledge-based capital on firm productivity. The analysis is based on a dynamic econometric model estimated with micro-data from Ireland over the period 2006-2012. We use broad measures of investment in knowledge-based capital which include expenditures on R&D, and on non-R&D intangible assets such as computer software, copyrights, patents and licences, royalties and organisational capital. The results indicate that on average, over and above other factors, an increase in investment in knowledge-based capital of 10 per cent increases firm productivity by 2 per cent. The research results indicate that productivity gains linked to investment in KBC are larger for Irish-owned firms in comparison to foreign-owned firms. Further, the estimates indicate that firms’ productivity is more responsive to investment in R&D than to investment in non-R&D intangible assets.
{"title":"The Impact of Investment in Knowledge-Based Capital on Productivity: Firm-Level Evidence from Ireland","authors":"Mattia Di Ubaldo, Iulia Siedschlag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3021993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3021993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of investment in knowledge-based capital on firm productivity. The analysis is based on a dynamic econometric model estimated with micro-data from Ireland over the period 2006-2012. We use broad measures of investment in knowledge-based capital which include expenditures on R&D, and on non-R&D intangible assets such as computer software, copyrights, patents and licences, royalties and organisational capital. The results indicate that on average, over and above other factors, an increase in investment in knowledge-based capital of 10 per cent increases firm productivity by 2 per cent. The research results indicate that productivity gains linked to investment in KBC are larger for Irish-owned firms in comparison to foreign-owned firms. Further, the estimates indicate that firms’ productivity is more responsive to investment in R&D than to investment in non-R&D intangible assets.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125982744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We model the world economy as one system of endogenous input-output relationships subject to frictions and study how the world’s input-output structure and world’s GDP change due to changes in frictions. We derive a sufficient statistic to identify frictions from the observed world input-output matrix, which we fully match for the year 2011. We show how changes in internal frictions impact the whole structure of the world’s economy and that they have a much larger effect on world’s GDP than external frictions. We also use our approach to study the role of internal frictions during the Great Recession of 2007–2009. (JEL D57, E16, E23, E32, F41, G01)
{"title":"Distortions and the Structure of the World Economy","authors":"Lorenzo Caliendo, F. Parro, Aleh Tsyvinski","doi":"10.3386/W23332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W23332","url":null,"abstract":"We model the world economy as one system of endogenous input-output relationships subject to frictions and study how the world’s input-output structure and world’s GDP change due to changes in frictions. We derive a sufficient statistic to identify frictions from the observed world input-output matrix, which we fully match for the year 2011. We show how changes in internal frictions impact the whole structure of the world’s economy and that they have a much larger effect on world’s GDP than external frictions. We also use our approach to study the role of internal frictions during the Great Recession of 2007–2009. (JEL D57, E16, E23, E32, F41, G01)","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123200872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increases in the riskiness of the productivity of a technology bring a benefit along with the cost of raising the variability of consumption. If the productivity realization is large the technology will be used but if it is small the technology can be shelved in favor of other technologies. This asymmetry implies that increases in risk raise total expected output and can be Pareto-improving (even for risk-averse agents) in contrast to the effect of riskier endowments. The observed expected output of risky technologies, however, will be less than that of safer technologies: empirical estimates of expected output are therefore a poor measure of efficiency. Risky production sets can be placed into a classical general equilibrium model in which firms will appropriate the gains to greater risk and choose the riskier technologies. The gains to risk can thus be delivered by markets and do not have to spread as an externality.
{"title":"The pure advantage of risk in production","authors":"Michael Mandler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2707786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2707786","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in the riskiness of the productivity of a technology bring a benefit along with the cost of raising the variability of consumption. If the productivity realization is large the technology will be used but if it is small the technology can be shelved in favor of other technologies. This asymmetry implies that increases in risk raise total expected output and can be Pareto-improving (even for risk-averse agents) in contrast to the effect of riskier endowments. The observed expected output of risky technologies, however, will be less than that of safer technologies: empirical estimates of expected output are therefore a poor measure of efficiency. Risky production sets can be placed into a classical general equilibrium model in which firms will appropriate the gains to greater risk and choose the riskier technologies. The gains to risk can thus be delivered by markets and do not have to spread as an externality.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130782468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies how the merger of downstream retail firms shall affect the market structures in both the upstream manufacture and downstream retail markets. By allowing downstream retail firms to merge, this paper studies the upstream manufacture firms' endogenous choices of product qualities and downstream retail firms' endogenous choices of retail prices pre- and post-merger. The paper finds that the post-merger retail prices shall increase for both the merged and non-merging products. The market shares shall decrease for the merged products and shall increase for the non-merging products. The adjustments of post-merger product qualities shall depend on the pre-merger market shares, consumer's preference over product quality and upstream manufacture firms' marginal and fixed costs of production. A generalized theorem is provided to characterize conditions to predict all possible post-merger changes of market shares, product qualities and retail prices for both the merged and non-merging products, under the cases when retail firms sell either single or multiple products. The paper also applies the general theorem to study particular market types: information goods and service goods markets.
{"title":"How Downstream Retailer Merger Affects Upstream Manufacture and Downstream Retail Markets? A Generalized Theorem and Applications to Different Market Types","authors":"Ziyi Qiu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2994148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2994148","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how the merger of downstream retail firms shall affect the market structures in both the upstream manufacture and downstream retail markets. By allowing downstream retail firms to merge, this paper studies the upstream manufacture firms' endogenous choices of product qualities and downstream retail firms' endogenous choices of retail prices pre- and post-merger. The paper finds that the post-merger retail prices shall increase for both the merged and non-merging products. The market shares shall decrease for the merged products and shall increase for the non-merging products. The adjustments of post-merger product qualities shall depend on the pre-merger market shares, consumer's preference over product quality and upstream manufacture firms' marginal and fixed costs of production. A generalized theorem is provided to characterize conditions to predict all possible post-merger changes of market shares, product qualities and retail prices for both the merged and non-merging products, under the cases when retail firms sell either single or multiple products. The paper also applies the general theorem to study particular market types: information goods and service goods markets.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130850466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop a new set of country-sector level indicators of Global Value Chains (GVCs) characteristics in terms of average production length, and relative “upstreamness” on a production network, which we argue are better than the existing ones in the literature. We distinguish production activities into four types: those whose value added is both generated and absorbed within the country, those whose value-added crosses borders only once for consumption, those whose value added crosses borders only once for production, and those whose value added crosses borders more than once. Based on such an accounting framework, we further decompose total production length into different segments. Using these measures, we characterize cross-country production sharing patterns and their evolution for 56 sectors and 44 countries over 2000-2014. While the production chain has become longer for the world as a whole, there are interesting variations across countries and sectors.
{"title":"Characterizing Global Value Chains: Production Length and Upstreamness","authors":"Zhi Wang, S. Wei, Xinding Yu, K. Zhu","doi":"10.3386/W23261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W23261","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a new set of country-sector level indicators of Global Value Chains (GVCs) characteristics in terms of average production length, and relative “upstreamness” on a production network, which we argue are better than the existing ones in the literature. We distinguish production activities into four types: those whose value added is both generated and absorbed within the country, those whose value-added crosses borders only once for consumption, those whose value added crosses borders only once for production, and those whose value added crosses borders more than once. Based on such an accounting framework, we further decompose total production length into different segments. Using these measures, we characterize cross-country production sharing patterns and their evolution for 56 sectors and 44 countries over 2000-2014. While the production chain has become longer for the world as a whole, there are interesting variations across countries and sectors.","PeriodicalId":237187,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Production; Cost; Capital & Total Factor Productivity; Value Theory (Topic)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132418574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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