Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.10
H. Pourbabaei, V. Rahimi
Abstract This study was carried out in the Boin and Miryousef regions in Baneh of Kordestan province, west of Iran. Both areas were divided into two parts including protected and unprotected areas. In each area, 20 1000-m 2 circular plots were established following a selective method. Tree and shrub species were identified and the number of these species was counted in each sampling plot. The results indicated that 7 trees, 4 shrubs and 109 herbaceous species were found in the studied areas, 40 herbaceous, 7 tree and 3 shrub species were present in protected area, while unprotected area had 16 herbaceous and 3 tree species. The highest value of diversity indices belonged to protected areas in all vegetation layers. In tree layer, Quercus brantii had the greatest value of SIV, whereas the lowest value belonged to Pistacia atlantica. In shrub layer, the highest and lowest values of SIV belonged to Daphne mezereum and Cerasus microcarpa, respectively. Finally, in herbaceous layer, Luzula spicata had highest value of SIV, and lowest value was belonged to Galium sp.Key Words: diversity, kurdistan province, plant species, protected area, richness
{"title":"Effect of Conservation on Plant Species Diversity, Kurdistan, Western Iran","authors":"H. Pourbabaei, V. Rahimi","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was carried out in the Boin and Miryousef regions in Baneh of Kordestan province, west of Iran. Both areas were divided into two parts including protected and unprotected areas. In each area, 20 1000-m 2 circular plots were established following a selective method. Tree and shrub species were identified and the number of these species was counted in each sampling plot. The results indicated that 7 trees, 4 shrubs and 109 herbaceous species were found in the studied areas, 40 herbaceous, 7 tree and 3 shrub species were present in protected area, while unprotected area had 16 herbaceous and 3 tree species. The highest value of diversity indices belonged to protected areas in all vegetation layers. In tree layer, Quercus brantii had the greatest value of SIV, whereas the lowest value belonged to Pistacia atlantica. In shrub layer, the highest and lowest values of SIV belonged to Daphne mezereum and Cerasus microcarpa, respectively. Finally, in herbaceous layer, Luzula spicata had highest value of SIV, and lowest value was belonged to Galium sp.Key Words: diversity, kurdistan province, plant species, protected area, richness","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127217362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.68
K. Yoon, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Y. Park
Abstract We investigated structure and intensity of 267 echolocation calls that were collected from the five Korean Myotisspecies (M. nettereri, M. petax, M. ikonnikovi, M. macrodactylus and M. formosus). All the Myotis species produced typical FM call pattern with similar echolocation call shapes and outer shapes, producing steep, downward frequency-modu-lated calls. A pulse has two harmonies, which consist of the first harmony with wider bandwidth and the second harmony with narrower bandwidth. The PF of the first harmony is higher than that of the second harmony. The typical FM call structure, with two harmonies and wide bandwidth, might be highly related to fast flying and wide screening in the dense forests. In classification of the echolocation calls by DFA, most of calls from the five species could be well correctly classified. All calls of M. nettereri (100% of 17 calls), M. formosus (95.5% of 22 calls) and M. ikonnikovi (85.7% of 70 calls) could be well discriminated from those of the other species, whereas calls of M. petax and M. macrodactylus could be discriminated by 70.4% of 98 calls and 76.7% of 60 calls, respectively. Our results indicate that the five Korean Myotis species can be well identified by the echolocation calls with high correct classification by DFA.Key Words: Myotis, echolocation call, vespertilionidae, bat, FM call
{"title":"Acoustic Species Identification of Korean Myotis Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)","authors":"K. Yoon, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Y. Park","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.68","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated structure and intensity of 267 echolocation calls that were collected from the five Korean Myotisspecies (M. nettereri, M. petax, M. ikonnikovi, M. macrodactylus and M. formosus). All the Myotis species produced typical FM call pattern with similar echolocation call shapes and outer shapes, producing steep, downward frequency-modu-lated calls. A pulse has two harmonies, which consist of the first harmony with wider bandwidth and the second harmony with narrower bandwidth. The PF of the first harmony is higher than that of the second harmony. The typical FM call structure, with two harmonies and wide bandwidth, might be highly related to fast flying and wide screening in the dense forests. In classification of the echolocation calls by DFA, most of calls from the five species could be well correctly classified. All calls of M. nettereri (100% of 17 calls), M. formosus (95.5% of 22 calls) and M. ikonnikovi (85.7% of 70 calls) could be well discriminated from those of the other species, whereas calls of M. petax and M. macrodactylus could be discriminated by 70.4% of 98 calls and 76.7% of 60 calls, respectively. Our results indicate that the five Korean Myotis species can be well identified by the echolocation calls with high correct classification by DFA.Key Words: Myotis, echolocation call, vespertilionidae, bat, FM call","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.99
K. Yoon, Y. Park
Echolocation call structure and intensity were measured from the Malaysian Myotis muricola, which were recorded from the hand-released bat. The Malaysian M. muricola produced typical FM call pattern of the genus Myotis, producing steep, downward frequency-modulated calls. The average PF of calls is . Discrete PF patterns of two types are found, which consist of 63.39 kHz and 66.15 kHz. The averages of SF and D are and , respectively. There are various IPI lengths with average of . A pulse consists of two harmonies which consist of the first harmony with wider bandwidth and the second harmony with narrower bandwidth. The PF of the first harmony is higher than that of the second harmony. The typical FM call structure, with two harmonies and wide bandwidth, would be highly related to fast flying and wide screening in the dense forests.
{"title":"Echolocation Call Structure and Intensity of the Malaysian Myotis muricola (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)","authors":"K. Yoon, Y. Park","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.99","url":null,"abstract":"Echolocation call structure and intensity were measured from the Malaysian Myotis muricola, which were recorded from the hand-released bat. The Malaysian M. muricola produced typical FM call pattern of the genus Myotis, producing steep, downward frequency-modulated calls. The average PF of calls is . Discrete PF patterns of two types are found, which consist of 63.39 kHz and 66.15 kHz. The averages of SF and D are and , respectively. There are various IPI lengths with average of . A pulse consists of two harmonies which consist of the first harmony with wider bandwidth and the second harmony with narrower bandwidth. The PF of the first harmony is higher than that of the second harmony. The typical FM call structure, with two harmonies and wide bandwidth, would be highly related to fast flying and wide screening in the dense forests.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130597788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.74
Ji Hong Kim, Sung Kee Kang, S. Lim
Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 20 m×20 m sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.
{"title":"Community Ecological Revaluation of Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata in the Natural Deciduous Forest","authors":"Ji Hong Kim, Sung Kee Kang, S. Lim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.74","url":null,"abstract":"Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 20 m×20 m sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127457259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.1
Y. Fan, Mingyuan Zhao, Lin Ma, Lan-yong Zhao
{"title":"Research on the Accessibility of Urban Green Space Based on Road Network- A Case Study of the Park Green Space in City Proper of Nanjing","authors":"Y. Fan, Mingyuan Zhao, Lin Ma, Lan-yong Zhao","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127737033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.20
M. Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque
Abstract DTPA (Diethelene-triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable micronutrients of surface soil samples from six different locations of Cox’s Bazar and Chittagong districts were studied. All the soils under study were sufficient in DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Cu contents. The available Zn contents in soils of Dulhazara, Chengchhari and Faissakhali under study were also above the critical limit while soils at Fulchhari, Hasnabad and CU were deficient in available Zn. The study also showed that DTPA extractable Fe content had the significant and positive relationships with clay and soil organic carbon. On the hand, negative and significant relationship was observed between extractable Mn and soil pH while DTPA extractable Zn and Cu were positively and significantly correlated with soil organic carbon of the studied area.Key Words: hill forest soils, DTPA extractable micronutrients status, correlation Received: September 23, 2015. Revised: November 7, 2015. Accept ed: November 20, 2015.Corresponding author: Md. AkhtaruzzamanDepartment of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagon g-4331, BangladeshTel: 880-1711471838, Fax: 88-031-2606014, E-mail: akhtarsoilcu@ gmail.com, akhtarcu@yahoo.com
{"title":"Some DTPA Extractable Micronutrients in Different Hill Forest Soils of Chittagong Region, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract DTPA (Diethelene-triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable micronutrients of surface soil samples from six different locations of Cox’s Bazar and Chittagong districts were studied. All the soils under study were sufficient in DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Cu contents. The available Zn contents in soils of Dulhazara, Chengchhari and Faissakhali under study were also above the critical limit while soils at Fulchhari, Hasnabad and CU were deficient in available Zn. The study also showed that DTPA extractable Fe content had the significant and positive relationships with clay and soil organic carbon. On the hand, negative and significant relationship was observed between extractable Mn and soil pH while DTPA extractable Zn and Cu were positively and significantly correlated with soil organic carbon of the studied area.Key Words: hill forest soils, DTPA extractable micronutrients status, correlation Received: September 23, 2015. Revised: November 7, 2015. Accept ed: November 20, 2015.Corresponding author: Md. AkhtaruzzamanDepartment of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagon g-4331, BangladeshTel: 880-1711471838, Fax: 88-031-2606014, E-mail: akhtarsoilcu@ gmail.com, akhtarcu@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117219094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.94
V. Sreekumar, R. Suganthasakthivel, K. Sreejith, Sanil
Calamus andamanicus Kurz is one of the commercially important solitary rattans endemic to Andaman and Nicobar islands. The habitat suitability modeling program, MaxEnt, was used to predict the potential ecological niches of this species, based on bioclimatic variables. The study revealed high potential distribution of C. andamanicus across both Andaman and Nicobar islands. Of the 33 spatially unique points, 21 points were recorded from South and North Andamans and 12 from Great Nicobar Islands. The islands like Little Andaman, North Sentinel, Little Nicobar, Tllangchong, Teressa were also predicted positive even though this rattan is not recorded from these islands. Mean diurnal range, higher precipitation in the wettest month of the year, annual precipitation and precipitation in the driest month are the main predictors of this species distribution.
{"title":"Predictive Distribution Modelling of Calamus andamanicus Kurz, an Endemic Rattan from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India","authors":"V. Sreekumar, R. Suganthasakthivel, K. Sreejith, Sanil","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Calamus andamanicus Kurz is one of the commercially important solitary rattans endemic to Andaman and Nicobar islands. The habitat suitability modeling program, MaxEnt, was used to predict the potential ecological niches of this species, based on bioclimatic variables. The study revealed high potential distribution of C. andamanicus across both Andaman and Nicobar islands. Of the 33 spatially unique points, 21 points were recorded from South and North Andamans and 12 from Great Nicobar Islands. The islands like Little Andaman, North Sentinel, Little Nicobar, Tllangchong, Teressa were also predicted positive even though this rattan is not recorded from these islands. Mean diurnal range, higher precipitation in the wettest month of the year, annual precipitation and precipitation in the driest month are the main predictors of this species distribution.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130255533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-28DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.39
M. B. Lynser, B. Tiwari
Abstract The present study analyzes the diversity and usage of NTFPs and evaluates their importance in the day to day life of the people of rural Meghalaya. People use 172 NTFPs belonging to 139 plant species mainly for food, medicine and fuelwood and to a lesser extent for construction, handicrafts and ornamental purpose. These 139 plants belonged to 117 genera and 70 families with Rosaceae, Poaceae and Fagaceae families as the dominant NTFP yielding families. Fruits from shrubs and trees are most commonly harvested by people. Collection and availability of NTFPs for use as food are more during the summer season, which is also the period with least availability of job. NTFPs for subsistence use are greater in number than those having commercial value. The most commonly harvested plant parts are fruits and leaves. Roots, rhizomes and whole plants are extracted in lesser quantity which is a positive approach from sustainability point of view. NTFPs and other forest products also form a vital part of the rural household’s income generation activities. Key Words: NTFP diversity, food security, seasonality, sustainability, rural income
{"title":"Diversity and Utilisation of Floral Non Timber Forest Products by the Communities in Rural Meghalaya, North-East India","authors":"M. B. Lynser, B. Tiwari","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study analyzes the diversity and usage of NTFPs and evaluates their importance in the day to day life of the people of rural Meghalaya. People use 172 NTFPs belonging to 139 plant species mainly for food, medicine and fuelwood and to a lesser extent for construction, handicrafts and ornamental purpose. These 139 plants belonged to 117 genera and 70 families with Rosaceae, Poaceae and Fagaceae families as the dominant NTFP yielding families. Fruits from shrubs and trees are most commonly harvested by people. Collection and availability of NTFPs for use as food are more during the summer season, which is also the period with least availability of job. NTFPs for subsistence use are greater in number than those having commercial value. The most commonly harvested plant parts are fruits and leaves. Roots, rhizomes and whole plants are extracted in lesser quantity which is a positive approach from sustainability point of view. NTFPs and other forest products also form a vital part of the rural household’s income generation activities. Key Words: NTFP diversity, food security, seasonality, sustainability, rural income","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.312
Sun Keun Lee, Dong-Hyeon Lee, Kyoung-Tae Lee, Y. Park, S. Seo, J. Lee
Rhizina undulata, the causal agent of Rhizina root rot, is a soil-borne fungus occurring on coniferous trees. The destruction of coastal forests caused by R. undulata infection has been mainly associated with bonfires at camping sites. However, Rhizina root rot was observed in the western coastal forests without fire. It was hypothesized that Rhizina root rot in this area might be closely related to the soil salinity, which can facilitate the growth and survival of R. undulata. So, the variation in sodium chloride (NaCl) resistance among isolates of Rhizina undulata was compared using liquid media containing different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM. Our results showed that, albeit of no growth at a higher concentration of NaCl (300 mM), most of R. undulata isolates were capable of germinating and grew at up to 100 mM, indicating that NaCl resistance varies among R. undulata isolates. It was further found that isolates from coastal areas seemed to be more tolerant to NaCl than those further away the coast. We demonstrated that R. undulata could be possible to survive in coastal areas, but was lower NaCl tolerance than other fungi.
{"title":"Effect of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on the Mycelial Growth and Ascospore Germination of Rhizina undulata, the Root Rot Fungus of Coniferous Trees","authors":"Sun Keun Lee, Dong-Hyeon Lee, Kyoung-Tae Lee, Y. Park, S. Seo, J. Lee","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.312","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizina undulata, the causal agent of Rhizina root rot, is a soil-borne fungus occurring on coniferous trees. The destruction of coastal forests caused by R. undulata infection has been mainly associated with bonfires at camping sites. However, Rhizina root rot was observed in the western coastal forests without fire. It was hypothesized that Rhizina root rot in this area might be closely related to the soil salinity, which can facilitate the growth and survival of R. undulata. So, the variation in sodium chloride (NaCl) resistance among isolates of Rhizina undulata was compared using liquid media containing different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM. Our results showed that, albeit of no growth at a higher concentration of NaCl (300 mM), most of R. undulata isolates were capable of germinating and grew at up to 100 mM, indicating that NaCl resistance varies among R. undulata isolates. It was further found that isolates from coastal areas seemed to be more tolerant to NaCl than those further away the coast. We demonstrated that R. undulata could be possible to survive in coastal areas, but was lower NaCl tolerance than other fungi.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121991452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.303
D. M. A. Daldoum, G. Hammad
Abstract This study aimed to assess the effects of tree manures in comparison with NPK fertilizer on growth of Acacia senegal seedlings. It was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Shambat (Lat.: 15 o 39′387″ N and Long.: 32 o 30′ 871″ E), during August 2008 and January 2009. The growing media were prepared by mixing ground foliage of trees with sandy soil (weight/volume) as follows, Albizia lebbeck (AL): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; Azadirachta indica (AZ): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; Khaya senegalensis (KH): 25 g, 50 g and 75 g; NPK fertilizer: 30 g per seedling. Albizia lebbeck and Azadirachta indica manures and NPK fertilizer have stimulated the Acacia senegal seed germination percentage in comparison with the control, with respective values of 89, 82.7, 81 and 71%. Khaya senegalensis manure has suppressed the Acacia senegal seed germination percentage with a value of only 49%. Effects of treatments on the seedlings growth parameters varied in the following percentages, in comparison to the control, shoot height: AZ 62.9%, AL 46%, KH 9.9% and NPK 27.8%; root length: AZ 25.8%, AL 31.5%, KH 30.6% and NPK 4.4%; diameter: AZ 75.2%, AL 37.1%, KH 34.3% and NPK 20%; Shoot biomass: AZ 319%, AL 195.2%, KH 57.1% and NPK 42.9%; root biomass: AZ 288.9%, AL 116.7%, KH 55.6% and NPK 16.7%%;. Thus, the effectiveness of the used substrates on the growth performance of Acacia senegal seedlings occurred in the following descending order: Azadirachta indica＞Albizia lebbeck＞Khaya senegalensis＞NPK fertilizer. These results assert clearly the ameliorative and fertilizing character-istics of tree manures that can be reliably used for raising seedlings stocks in the nurseries.Key Words: tree manure, NPK fertilizer, sandy soil, Acacia senegal seedlings
摘要本试验旨在比较树肥与氮磷钾对塞内加尔金合欢幼苗生长的影响。试验是在喀土穆大学森林学院苗圃进行的。: 15 o 39 ' 387″N和Long。: 32 o 30 ' 871″E)，时间为2008年8月和2009年1月。将树木地面叶与沙土混合配制生长培养基(重量/体积)，Albizia lebbeck (AL): 25 g、50 g和75 g;印楝:25 g、50 g、75 g;塞内加尔海参(KH): 25 g、50 g和75 g;氮磷钾肥料:每苗30克。与对照相比，合欢、印楝粪和氮磷钾肥分别提高了合欢种子的发芽率，分别为89%、82.7%、81%和71%。塞内加尔卡亚粪对塞内加尔刺槐种子发芽率的抑制作用仅为49%。不同处理对幼苗生长参数的影响百分比如下:与对照相比，az62.9%， AL 46%， KH 9.9%， NPK 27.8%;根长:AZ 25.8%， AL 31.5%， KH 30.6%， NPK 4.4%;直径:AZ 75.2%， AL 37.1%， KH 34.3%， NPK 20%;地上部生物量:AZ 319%， AL 195.2%， KH 57.1%， NPK 42.9%;根系生物量:AZ 288.9%， AL 116.7%， KH 55.6%， NPK 16.7%;综上所述，不同基质对塞内加尔金合欢幼苗生长性能的影响程度由大到小依次为:印楝(Azadirachta indica) bb0白合欢(Albizia lebbeck) bb1塞内加尔金合欢(Khaya senegalensis) >氮磷钾肥料。这些结果清楚地说明了树肥的改良和施肥特性，可以可靠地用于苗圃育苗。关键词:树肥，氮磷钾肥，沙土，刺槐幼苗
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