Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.267
M. Kiaei, R. Bakhshi, M. Saffari, Sadegh Golkari
Abstract The variations of wood density and mechanical properties of Juniperus polycarpos trees were studied in a natural forest in Iran. Sample disks were taken from each tree to examine wood density and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) from pith to bark at breast height, 50%, and 75% of total tree height. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that radial position and height significantly affected all wood properties. The wood density, MOE and MOR were decreased along horizontal position from the pith to the bark and vertical direction from base upwards. Regression analysis showed that modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) had a positive correlation with wood density.Key Words: Juniperus polycarpos, density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture Received: July 15, 2015. Revised: August 9, 2015. Accepted: August 24, 2015.Corresponding author: Majid KiaeiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos 46615/397, IranTel: 981152226601, Fax: 981152226603, E-mail: mjd_kia59@yahoo.com
{"title":"The Within-tree Variation in Wood Density and Mechanical Properties and Their Relationship in Juniperus polycarpos","authors":"M. Kiaei, R. Bakhshi, M. Saffari, Sadegh Golkari","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The variations of wood density and mechanical properties of Juniperus polycarpos trees were studied in a natural forest in Iran. Sample disks were taken from each tree to examine wood density and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) from pith to bark at breast height, 50%, and 75% of total tree height. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that radial position and height significantly affected all wood properties. The wood density, MOE and MOR were decreased along horizontal position from the pith to the bark and vertical direction from base upwards. Regression analysis showed that modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) had a positive correlation with wood density.Key Words: Juniperus polycarpos, density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture Received: July 15, 2015. Revised: August 9, 2015. Accepted: August 24, 2015.Corresponding author: Majid KiaeiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloos 46615/397, IranTel: 981152226601, Fax: 981152226603, E-mail: mjd_kia59@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129886072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.288
G. Han, Mintai Kim
Abstract In many very high density cities in Asia in which there is limited area to expand, growth is forced upward as well as outward. Densely packed detached houses and low-rise buildings are replaced by lower density high-rises, leaving open spaces between high-rise buildings. Through this process, areas that formerly did not have much green space gain valuable green spaces, and new ecological corridors and patches are created. In this study, the demographic and housing-type changes of Wonju City were delineated using land use maps, aerial images, census data, and other administrative data. Green area changes were calculated using land cover data derived from multi-year Landsat TM satellite imagery. The values were then compared against demographic and housing-type changes for each administrative unit. The overall results showed a decrease of forested area in the city and an increase of developed area. Urban sprawl was clearly visible in many of the suburban areas. However, as expected, we also detected areas in which greenness did not decrease when the population greatly increased. These areas were characterized by residential building complexes of ten or more stories. If an equal number of housing units had been built as detached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space. Our research result showed that high-density and high-rise residential structures can offer an alternative means to protect or create urban green spaces in high-density urban environments.Key Words: Landsat TM data, land cover, population, housing type, high-rise
{"title":"Study of Urban Land Cover Changes Relative to Demographic and Residential Form Changes: A Case Study of Wonju City, Korea","authors":"G. Han, Mintai Kim","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many very high density cities in Asia in which there is limited area to expand, growth is forced upward as well as outward. Densely packed detached houses and low-rise buildings are replaced by lower density high-rises, leaving open spaces between high-rise buildings. Through this process, areas that formerly did not have much green space gain valuable green spaces, and new ecological corridors and patches are created. In this study, the demographic and housing-type changes of Wonju City were delineated using land use maps, aerial images, census data, and other administrative data. Green area changes were calculated using land cover data derived from multi-year Landsat TM satellite imagery. The values were then compared against demographic and housing-type changes for each administrative unit. The overall results showed a decrease of forested area in the city and an increase of developed area. Urban sprawl was clearly visible in many of the suburban areas. However, as expected, we also detected areas in which greenness did not decrease when the population greatly increased. These areas were characterized by residential building complexes of ten or more stories. If an equal number of housing units had been built as detached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space. Our research result showed that high-density and high-rise residential structures can offer an alternative means to protect or create urban green spaces in high-density urban environments.Key Words: Landsat TM data, land cover, population, housing type, high-rise","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131749852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.255
Gildong Park, Daesung Lee, Y. Seo, Jungkee Choi
Abstract Height growth models for Pinus thunbergii in Jeju Island were developed in this study using four widely used nonlinear growth models; Exponential, Modified Logistic, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull. All functions were found to be significant at the 1% level. Chapman-Richards model for height-DBH allometry and Weibull model for height-age allometry was chosen as the best model on the all validation. All the model curves showed the similar pattern. Additionally, there was no abnormal pattern when the previous studies were compared. Therefore, these models are highly expected to be used to estimate the tree height using DBH or age for Pinus thunbergii especially in Jeju Island.Key Words: Nonlinear growth models, Height, DBH, Age, Pinus thunbergii Received: November 10, 2015. Revised: November 12, 2015. Accept ed: November 16, 2015.Corresponding author: Jungkee ChoiDepartment of Forest Management, College of Forest and Environm ental Sciences, Kangwon National University, 188-77, Gongji-ro, Chuncheon 24345, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-33-250-8337, Fax: 82-33-259-5617, E-mail: jungkee@kangw on.ac.kr
{"title":"Height Growth Models for Pinus thunbergii in Jeju Island","authors":"Gildong Park, Daesung Lee, Y. Seo, Jungkee Choi","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.255","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Height growth models for Pinus thunbergii in Jeju Island were developed in this study using four widely used nonlinear growth models; Exponential, Modified Logistic, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull. All functions were found to be significant at the 1% level. Chapman-Richards model for height-DBH allometry and Weibull model for height-age allometry was chosen as the best model on the all validation. All the model curves showed the similar pattern. Additionally, there was no abnormal pattern when the previous studies were compared. Therefore, these models are highly expected to be used to estimate the tree height using DBH or age for Pinus thunbergii especially in Jeju Island.Key Words: Nonlinear growth models, Height, DBH, Age, Pinus thunbergii Received: November 10, 2015. Revised: November 12, 2015. Accept ed: November 16, 2015.Corresponding author: Jungkee ChoiDepartment of Forest Management, College of Forest and Environm ental Sciences, Kangwon National University, 188-77, Gongji-ro, Chuncheon 24345, Republic of KoreaTel: 82-33-250-8337, Fax: 82-33-259-5617, E-mail: jungkee@kangw on.ac.kr","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128813347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.272
Hyunseok Lee, J. Yi, Chanhoon An, M. Kim, Jeong‐Hoon Lee
Abstract Xanthoceras sorbifolium is considered as bio-energy crops owing to the high oil content from kernel. This study was performed to analyze calorific value, crude ash content, ultimate ratio, crude lipid and fatty acid composition among seed sources. Calorific values ranged from 4,526.0 cal g -1 to 7,377.2 cal g -1 in seeds and kernels showed the highest value. Calorific values and crude ash contents were observed as significant difference among plantations and/or individuals (p＞0.05). Kernel from SD-F plantation showed the highest calorific value and lower crude ash content. C content comprised 63.4%, the highest levels was detected from SD-F (64.8%). Crude lipid content in kernel observed as 54.5 g 100 g -1 from SD-F. In contrast it was determined the lowest value from LN-JARS as 46.5 g 100 g -1 . The fatty acid composition of kernel was determined to those of oleic acid (31.3%) and linoleic acid (38.1%) from SD-F and LN-JARS. These results will be offered to useful information for breeding materials selection.Key Words: bio energy, calorific value, FAME, oil content, Xanthoceras sorbifolium
摘要文冠果因其籽粒含油量高而被认为是一种生物能源作物。本研究分析了不同种子源的发热量、粗灰分含量、终比、粗脂肪和脂肪酸组成。种子和籽粒的热值最高，为4,526.0 ~ 7,377.2 cal g -1。热值和粗灰分含量在人工林和个体间差异显著(p>0.05)。SD-F人工林的籽粒热值最高，粗灰分含量较低。C含量为63.4%，其中SD-F含量最高，为64.8%。籽粒粗脂肪含量为54.5 g 100 g -1。LN-JARS测定的最低值为46.5 g 100 g -1。籽粒脂肪酸组成为SD-F和ln - jar中油酸(31.3%)和亚油酸(38.1%)。这些结果将为选育材料提供有用的信息。关键词:生物能，热值，FAME，含油量，文冠果
{"title":"Component Characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Seeds for Bioenergy Plant Utilization","authors":"Hyunseok Lee, J. Yi, Chanhoon An, M. Kim, Jeong‐Hoon Lee","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Xanthoceras sorbifolium is considered as bio-energy crops owing to the high oil content from kernel. This study was performed to analyze calorific value, crude ash content, ultimate ratio, crude lipid and fatty acid composition among seed sources. Calorific values ranged from 4,526.0 cal g -1 to 7,377.2 cal g -1 in seeds and kernels showed the highest value. Calorific values and crude ash contents were observed as significant difference among plantations and/or individuals (p＞0.05). Kernel from SD-F plantation showed the highest calorific value and lower crude ash content. C content comprised 63.4%, the highest levels was detected from SD-F (64.8%). Crude lipid content in kernel observed as 54.5 g 100 g -1 from SD-F. In contrast it was determined the lowest value from LN-JARS as 46.5 g 100 g -1 . The fatty acid composition of kernel was determined to those of oleic acid (31.3%) and linoleic acid (38.1%) from SD-F and LN-JARS. These results will be offered to useful information for breeding materials selection.Key Words: bio energy, calorific value, FAME, oil content, Xanthoceras sorbifolium","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130107201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.241
M. Chakraborty, M. Z. Haider, M. M. Rahaman
Abstract This study attempts to examine farmers’ preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers’ sustainable livelihood.Key Words: agroforestry, cropland, preference, perception, multipurpose, livelihood
{"title":"Farmers Preference and Perception towards Cropland Agroforestry in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Chakraborty, M. Z. Haider, M. M. Rahaman","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study attempts to examine farmers’ preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers’ sustainable livelihood.Key Words: agroforestry, cropland, preference, perception, multipurpose, livelihood","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131311679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.261
S. Lim, J. Min, Y. Park
We investigated habitat characteristics of the yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula (Carnivora : Mustelidae) using geographic information system (GIS). GPS coordinates of the target mammal traces and seven habitat factors were used for the GIS analysis. The Odaesan National Park (ONP) is selected as a study area for GIS analysis of the habitat characteristics. According to the GIS analysis of whole area of ONP, main forest type was broadleaf trees which occupy 72% of forests. Trees of 4th to 6th age-calss account for 93% of the ONP forests. The mean elevation and slope of ONP was 901 m and 22.1 o , respectively. According to the GIS analysis of M. flavigula habitats in ONP, most M. flavigula traces were found in borad-leaf forests and coniferous forests which are main forest types of ONP. In addition, the yellow-throated marten recorded a relatively high appearance rate of 7% in unstocked forests, which account for much less than 1% of the area of ONP. Most of the marten traces were found in forests with trees of 4th to 6th age-classes. The traces were found in the forest types in higher elevation (1,080.3 m) and lower slope (15.0 o ) on average, compared with those of ONP. Appearance rate of the marten traces was 96% in range less than 600 m from the water. The traces were frequently found in areas far distantly beyond 1,400 m range from human residental areas and cultivated areas.
{"title":"Analysis of Habitat Characteristics of the Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula (Carnivora : Mustelidae) Using Geographic Information System (GIS)","authors":"S. Lim, J. Min, Y. Park","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.261","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated habitat characteristics of the yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula (Carnivora : Mustelidae) using geographic information system (GIS). GPS coordinates of the target mammal traces and seven habitat factors were used for the GIS analysis. The Odaesan National Park (ONP) is selected as a study area for GIS analysis of the habitat characteristics. According to the GIS analysis of whole area of ONP, main forest type was broadleaf trees which occupy 72% of forests. Trees of 4th to 6th age-calss account for 93% of the ONP forests. The mean elevation and slope of ONP was 901 m and 22.1 o , respectively. According to the GIS analysis of M. flavigula habitats in ONP, most M. flavigula traces were found in borad-leaf forests and coniferous forests which are main forest types of ONP. In addition, the yellow-throated marten recorded a relatively high appearance rate of 7% in unstocked forests, which account for much less than 1% of the area of ONP. Most of the marten traces were found in forests with trees of 4th to 6th age-classes. The traces were found in the forest types in higher elevation (1,080.3 m) and lower slope (15.0 o ) on average, compared with those of ONP. Appearance rate of the marten traces was 96% in range less than 600 m from the water. The traces were frequently found in areas far distantly beyond 1,400 m range from human residental areas and cultivated areas.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.297
Song-Yi Han, Chan-Woo Park, Jae-Hyuk Jang, Seung Hwan Lee
With the intention to solve environmental problems caused by synthetic plastics from petroleum resources, biodegradable polyurethane foams and thermosetting moldings were prepared from biomass, such as wood and wheat bran by liquefaction method. Biodegradability of these biomass-based polymeric materials was investigated. In activated sludge, polyurethane foams from liquefied wheat bran and thermosetting molding from phenolated wood were decomposed approximately 14% and 29% for 20 days, respectively. One of the wood fungi, Coriolus versicolor was able to grow without supplemental nutrition, only with distilled water and polyurethane foam as a nutrition source. Risk assessments were also conducted and results showed that estrogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity were not observed in the extractives of bio-mass-based polymeric materials.
{"title":"Biodegradability and Risk Assessment of Biomass-based Polymeric Materials","authors":"Song-Yi Han, Chan-Woo Park, Jae-Hyuk Jang, Seung Hwan Lee","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.297","url":null,"abstract":"With the intention to solve environmental problems caused by synthetic plastics from petroleum resources, biodegradable polyurethane foams and thermosetting moldings were prepared from biomass, such as wood and wheat bran by liquefaction method. Biodegradability of these biomass-based polymeric materials was investigated. In activated sludge, polyurethane foams from liquefied wheat bran and thermosetting molding from phenolated wood were decomposed approximately 14% and 29% for 20 days, respectively. One of the wood fungi, Coriolus versicolor was able to grow without supplemental nutrition, only with distilled water and polyurethane foam as a nutrition source. Risk assessments were also conducted and results showed that estrogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity were not observed in the extractives of bio-mass-based polymeric materials.","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.280
Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque
{"title":"Soil Properties in Two Forest Sites in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh","authors":"Akhtaruzzaman, K. Osman, S. Haque","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.4.280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121466741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.214
C. Tiwari, M. Bakshi, S. Nautiyal
Abstract The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.Key Words: hill bamboo, genetic variability, polymorphism, RAPD analysis, Thamnocalamus falconeri
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook f. ex. Munro","authors":"C. Tiwari, M. Bakshi, S. Nautiyal","doi":"10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.Key Words: hill bamboo, genetic variability, polymorphism, RAPD analysis, Thamnocalamus falconeri","PeriodicalId":237267,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest and environmental science","volume":"1990 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127484721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.7747/JFES.2015.31.3.149
Zubair A. Malik, A. Bhatt
Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from 235±9 to 505±21 trees ha −1 and 4,730±474 to 9,530±700 shrubs ha −1 . Total basal cover varied from 10.49±0.66 to 42.92±2.57 m 2 ha −1 (trees) and 0.36±0.024 to 0.62±0.047 m 2 ha −1 (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.Key Words: Himalaya, Altitude, Vegetation, Diversity, Woody species
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