Arachnoid cysts are spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid partitioned into an arachnoid-formed sheath and are a rare cause of symptomatic spinal cord compression. This case study examined a patient with spastic paraparesis who underwent surgery to remove the cystic lesion and push back the marrow. Post-op control spinal MRI showed total excision of the cyst, and the patient has progressed well and has fully recovered from his deficit. Nabors divides extradural arachnoid cysts into three types: type 1, type 2
{"title":"A Case Study and Review of the Literature Regarding Extradural Spinal Arachnoid Cyst","authors":"Belgacem Ibrahim","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2023521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2023521","url":null,"abstract":"Arachnoid cysts are spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid partitioned into an arachnoid-formed sheath and are a rare cause of symptomatic spinal cord compression. This case study examined a patient with spastic paraparesis who underwent surgery to remove the cystic lesion and push back the marrow. Post-op control spinal MRI showed total excision of the cyst, and the patient has progressed well and has fully recovered from his deficit. Nabors divides extradural arachnoid cysts into three types: type 1, type 2","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125776573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Effect and Safety of Rectal Ozone Therapy in Mild and Moderate Symptomatic SARS CoV-2 Positive Patients","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2023514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2023514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117239734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ayadi, N. Amsiguine, N. Kettani, M. Fikri, M. Jiddane, F. Touarsa
nerve involvement, facial nerve palsy, general signs: Tiredness, joint The key sequence is contrast-weighted T1, shows focal or general leptomeningeal enhancement, node or smooth, about the basal aspects of the brain and the polygon of Willis ; sometimes it goes along the spaces of the Wirshow Robbin, as it may mimic parenchymal lesions. Parenchymal involvement is the most common and diverse, appearing as intraparenchymal masses or nodules, periventricular white matter involvement, or extension of leptomeningeal lesions through perivascular spaces.
{"title":"Neurosarcoidosis: What are the Evocative Signs on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","authors":"C. Ayadi, N. Amsiguine, N. Kettani, M. Fikri, M. Jiddane, F. Touarsa","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2022513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2022513","url":null,"abstract":"nerve involvement, facial nerve palsy, general signs: Tiredness, joint The key sequence is contrast-weighted T1, shows focal or general leptomeningeal enhancement, node or smooth, about the basal aspects of the brain and the polygon of Willis ; sometimes it goes along the spaces of the Wirshow Robbin, as it may mimic parenchymal lesions. Parenchymal involvement is the most common and diverse, appearing as intraparenchymal masses or nodules, periventricular white matter involvement, or extension of leptomeningeal lesions through perivascular spaces.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123189179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial paralysis has many etiologies, the most frequent is the idiopathic cause, which is a diagnosis of elimination, then infectious, traumatic, and tumoral causes, dominated by the parotid tumor. Breast cancer rarely gives a perineural metastasis, estimated at 0.6%, of all secondary localizations, with a suggestive clinical presentation, especially the slow and progressive mode of appearance, the involvement of multiple cranial nerves, recurrent paresis, and a history of cancer. Perineural metastases of breast cancer are rare, but can occur, and this case demonstrates that any symptomatology in the patient with breast cancer must be considered in the overall context.
{"title":"Facial Paralysis Revealing an Atypical Metastasis of Breast Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2022512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2022512","url":null,"abstract":"Facial paralysis has many etiologies, the most frequent is the idiopathic cause, which is a diagnosis of elimination, then infectious, traumatic, and tumoral causes, dominated by the parotid tumor. Breast cancer rarely gives a perineural metastasis, estimated at 0.6%, of all secondary localizations, with a suggestive clinical presentation, especially the slow and progressive mode of appearance, the involvement of multiple cranial nerves, recurrent paresis, and a history of cancer. Perineural metastases of breast cancer are rare, but can occur, and this case demonstrates that any symptomatology in the patient with breast cancer must be considered in the overall context.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128539176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 5(1): 1–2, 2022 Three recent publications illustrate the ongoing double standard concerning the effectiveness of ivermectin for treatment of early outpatient cases of COVID-19 infection. It seems to be true that ivermectin has no beneficial effect for seriously ill hospitalized patients – its potential utility is for reducing the frequency of transition from early mild outpatient cases to severely ill hospitalized cases. Lack of effectiveness inside hospitals does not prove a lack of effectiveness in outpatient populations.
{"title":"Ivermectin and Zuranolone: A Double Standard in the Literature","authors":"C. Ross","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2022511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2022511","url":null,"abstract":"J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 5(1): 1–2, 2022 Three recent publications illustrate the ongoing double standard concerning the effectiveness of ivermectin for treatment of early outpatient cases of COVID-19 infection. It seems to be true that ivermectin has no beneficial effect for seriously ill hospitalized patients – its potential utility is for reducing the frequency of transition from early mild outpatient cases to severely ill hospitalized cases. Lack of effectiveness inside hospitals does not prove a lack of effectiveness in outpatient populations.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 4(3): 1–3, 2021 Hopefully the pandemic will be over within another year. In the meantime, the medical profession and public health officials continue to denigrate and sanction ‘anti-maskers’ and ‘anti-vaxxers’, as discussed in previous papers [1-6]. This behavior inflames the people characterized as anti-vaxxers and anti-maskers, increases polarization, and breeds distrust in the medical profession. These effects of the denigration and sanctions can do nothing but increase vaccine hesitancy. The medical profession should stop putting all blame for vaccine hesitancy on a misinformed public, and instead should examine its own contributions to vaccine hesitancy. I am double vaccinated. There are a number of topics that illustrate the unhelpful attitudes and unscientific statements of doctors and public health officials during the pandemic. These are reviewed below.
{"title":"How the Medical Profession Contributes to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"C. Ross","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2021434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2021434","url":null,"abstract":"J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 4(3): 1–3, 2021 Hopefully the pandemic will be over within another year. In the meantime, the medical profession and public health officials continue to denigrate and sanction ‘anti-maskers’ and ‘anti-vaxxers’, as discussed in previous papers [1-6]. This behavior inflames the people characterized as anti-vaxxers and anti-maskers, increases polarization, and breeds distrust in the medical profession. These effects of the denigration and sanctions can do nothing but increase vaccine hesitancy. The medical profession should stop putting all blame for vaccine hesitancy on a misinformed public, and instead should examine its own contributions to vaccine hesitancy. I am double vaccinated. There are a number of topics that illustrate the unhelpful attitudes and unscientific statements of doctors and public health officials during the pandemic. These are reviewed below.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134531526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
anxiety, and depression following completing total of 41 sessions of rTMS and 15 sessions of ‘ Z-score neurofeedback’ . Patient is 33-year-old male diagnosed with over 15 years of OCD, generalized anxiety, and bipolar depression. Patient has undergone trials of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), mood stabilizers including lithium and valproic acid, and benzodiazepines including lorazepam. At time of presentation to my clinic, patient’s self-guilt, with anxiety in environments, agoraphobia, self-worth, and extreme spells of depression, manic, and hypomanic episodes. In patient severe hypochondriasis with respect to various disorders including motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and experienced various somatic symptoms including non-specific vibratory sensations of mouth, trunk, and extremities. At onset, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Score (Y-BOCS) was 19, Burn’s anxiety score was 36, Burn’s depression score was 22, and PHQ-9 of Risks and benefits of rTMS including off-label use of rTMS parameters were discussed in detail with patient and written signed consent obtained. A brain MRI was obtained to include skin fiduciary markers for navigation software ( The Neural Navi gator, Brain Science Tools, Utrechet, Netherlands) 1mm sagittal and axial T1 MRI images were processed and segmented to identify several cortical targets including: left and right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), right OFC, left Dorsomedial the leading working model regarding the pathophysiology of OCD [4]. One randomized, sham-controlled study showed modest improvements in OCD (29% reduction on Y-BOCS) and depression (48% on HAM-D) symptoms after 14 sequential 1 Hz stimluation sessions targeting left DLPFC and SMA [11,12]. Additional randomized sham-controlled studies applying a multi-target approach and in combination with neurofeedback will be helpful and can potentially significanly increase the efficacy rate of treatment.
{"title":"Multiple Target Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Combined with Neurofeedback for Complete Resolution of Severe OCD, Bipolar Depression, and Anxiety","authors":"A. Elahi","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2021433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2021433","url":null,"abstract":"anxiety, and depression following completing total of 41 sessions of rTMS and 15 sessions of ‘ Z-score neurofeedback’ . Patient is 33-year-old male diagnosed with over 15 years of OCD, generalized anxiety, and bipolar depression. Patient has undergone trials of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), mood stabilizers including lithium and valproic acid, and benzodiazepines including lorazepam. At time of presentation to my clinic, patient’s self-guilt, with anxiety in environments, agoraphobia, self-worth, and extreme spells of depression, manic, and hypomanic episodes. In patient severe hypochondriasis with respect to various disorders including motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and experienced various somatic symptoms including non-specific vibratory sensations of mouth, trunk, and extremities. At onset, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Score (Y-BOCS) was 19, Burn’s anxiety score was 36, Burn’s depression score was 22, and PHQ-9 of Risks and benefits of rTMS including off-label use of rTMS parameters were discussed in detail with patient and written signed consent obtained. A brain MRI was obtained to include skin fiduciary markers for navigation software ( The Neural Navi gator, Brain Science Tools, Utrechet, Netherlands) 1mm sagittal and axial T1 MRI images were processed and segmented to identify several cortical targets including: left and right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), right OFC, left Dorsomedial the leading working model regarding the pathophysiology of OCD [4]. One randomized, sham-controlled study showed modest improvements in OCD (29% reduction on Y-BOCS) and depression (48% on HAM-D) symptoms after 14 sequential 1 Hz stimluation sessions targeting left DLPFC and SMA [11,12]. Additional randomized sham-controlled studies applying a multi-target approach and in combination with neurofeedback will be helpful and can potentially significanly increase the efficacy rate of treatment.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 4(3): 1–3, 2021 In previous papers in the Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care, I have provided a scholarly, referenced, data-based analysis of misinformation provided by the CDC, governments, the NIH, NIAID and leading physicians and medical journals concerning the COVID-19 pandemic [1-6]. I have had two doses of the Pfizer vaccine and am not an anti-vaxxer. Here I will provide some thoughts on the politics and social dynamics of the response to the pandemic.
在之前发表于Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care的论文中，我对CDC、政府、NIH、NIAID以及主要医生和医学期刊提供的关于COVID-19大流行的错误信息进行了学术、参考、基于数据的分析[1-6]。我已经接种了两剂辉瑞疫苗，我不是一个反疫苗者。在此，我将就应对大流行的政治和社会动态提出一些看法。
{"title":"Thoughts on the Politics of COVID-19","authors":"Colin A. Ross","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2021431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2021431","url":null,"abstract":"J Neurol Neurocrit Care, Volume 4(3): 1–3, 2021 In previous papers in the Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care, I have provided a scholarly, referenced, data-based analysis of misinformation provided by the CDC, governments, the NIH, NIAID and leading physicians and medical journals concerning the COVID-19 pandemic [1-6]. I have had two doses of the Pfizer vaccine and am not an anti-vaxxer. Here I will provide some thoughts on the politics and social dynamics of the response to the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125032796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuliana C. Di Mauro, B. Ambrosi, O. Uchitel, G. Mazzone
Our previous studies demonstrated that motor nerve terminals are a target for autoimmune response, induced by immunoglobulin’s (IgGs) from sporadic ALS patients, resulting in neuromuscular dysfunction in vivo [3]. Indeed, IgGs obtained from patients with ALS reduce Ca 2+ transients and glutamate receptor desensitization so that excitotoxic damage is facilitated in a culture brain neuron model [4]. Furthermore, we have shown that subcutaneous injection of ALS-IgG into the levator auris muscle were immunoreactive to spinal motoneurons, preferentially accumulate in the soma by binding to unknown specific cytoplasmic targets [5]. The question then arises about the role of ALS serum factors on spinal cord neurons and the inflammatory process that would be associated with the disease onset and development. In vitro spinal cord preparations have been exploited as a model to investigate early pathophysiological mechanisms of spinal cord damage and developmental changes in cellular profiles [6]. The aim of the present study was to investigate, using neonatal mouse spinal cord preparations in vitro , the effect of serum from sporadic ALS patients. Thus, sera from patients with sporadic ALS diagnosis in accordance with the El Escorial criteria [7] and from healthy volunteer subjects were tested on neuronal numbers and microglia morphology. Abstract Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized by ongoing loss of motoneurons. The etiology of the sporadic ALS form it is thought to be related to immune-mediated motoneuron degeneration and death. The present study was designed to describe the effect of serum factors derived from sporadic ALS patients on mouse spinal cord preparations in vitro. Sera from patients with sporadic ALS were collected and used for immunofluorescence analysis to investigate their effects on neuronal survival and microgliosis. Our experiments demonstrated that 5 h application of serum factors (derived from three ALS patients) labeled with human IgG secondary antibody were localized to ventral spinal neurons identified with the NeuN marker. Moreover, a significant reduction in the number of ventral NeuN positive cells was observed with serum from a patient who suffered from upper motor neuron signs as criteria for ALS diagnosis (20% less compared to sham, spinal cord preparations without serum). No change in microglia number was found after exposure to ALS sera, although in two cases a significant decrease in microglial branch length was observed (28-32%). Microglia morphology showed increased number of end points and branches with serum from the patient with upper motor neuron symptoms. These observations were absent after control sera. Our data indicate that spinal cord cultures can be a useful model to further characterize the pathological processes of sporadic ALS and the immune mechanism as previously suggested in vivo . Future studies are needed to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying this prefe
{"title":"Case Report of Neuron-Binding IgGs in ALS Patient Serum in Argentina","authors":"Giuliana C. Di Mauro, B. Ambrosi, O. Uchitel, G. Mazzone","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2021423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2021423","url":null,"abstract":"Our previous studies demonstrated that motor nerve terminals are a target for autoimmune response, induced by immunoglobulin’s (IgGs) from sporadic ALS patients, resulting in neuromuscular dysfunction in vivo [3]. Indeed, IgGs obtained from patients with ALS reduce Ca 2+ transients and glutamate receptor desensitization so that excitotoxic damage is facilitated in a culture brain neuron model [4]. Furthermore, we have shown that subcutaneous injection of ALS-IgG into the levator auris muscle were immunoreactive to spinal motoneurons, preferentially accumulate in the soma by binding to unknown specific cytoplasmic targets [5]. The question then arises about the role of ALS serum factors on spinal cord neurons and the inflammatory process that would be associated with the disease onset and development. In vitro spinal cord preparations have been exploited as a model to investigate early pathophysiological mechanisms of spinal cord damage and developmental changes in cellular profiles [6]. The aim of the present study was to investigate, using neonatal mouse spinal cord preparations in vitro , the effect of serum from sporadic ALS patients. Thus, sera from patients with sporadic ALS diagnosis in accordance with the El Escorial criteria [7] and from healthy volunteer subjects were tested on neuronal numbers and microglia morphology. Abstract Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized by ongoing loss of motoneurons. The etiology of the sporadic ALS form it is thought to be related to immune-mediated motoneuron degeneration and death. The present study was designed to describe the effect of serum factors derived from sporadic ALS patients on mouse spinal cord preparations in vitro. Sera from patients with sporadic ALS were collected and used for immunofluorescence analysis to investigate their effects on neuronal survival and microgliosis. Our experiments demonstrated that 5 h application of serum factors (derived from three ALS patients) labeled with human IgG secondary antibody were localized to ventral spinal neurons identified with the NeuN marker. Moreover, a significant reduction in the number of ventral NeuN positive cells was observed with serum from a patient who suffered from upper motor neuron signs as criteria for ALS diagnosis (20% less compared to sham, spinal cord preparations without serum). No change in microglia number was found after exposure to ALS sera, although in two cases a significant decrease in microglial branch length was observed (28-32%). Microglia morphology showed increased number of end points and branches with serum from the patient with upper motor neuron symptoms. These observations were absent after control sera. Our data indicate that spinal cord cultures can be a useful model to further characterize the pathological processes of sporadic ALS and the immune mechanism as previously suggested in vivo . Future studies are needed to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying this prefe","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131985975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Only a few months ago, a commentary, with supporting evidence, and a supporting quotation from the former head of the CDC, that the Wuhan lab leak theory for the origin of the COVID-19 epidemic “is a rational, reasonable, and scientifically grounded theory” could have been characterized as a conspiracy theory [1]. Now, a few months later, the Wuhan lab leak theory is being acknowledged widely in the mainstream media as just that – rational, reasonable, and scientifically grounded [2,3]. The fact that Chinese military experiments have been conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology has recently been confirmed by Mike Pompeo, a former US Secretary of State and former Director of the CIA [3], and is stated on a US Government website [4]: “Despite the WIV presenting itself as a civilian institution, the United States has determined that the WIV has collaborated on publications and secret projects with China’s military. The WIV has engaged in classified research, including laboratory animal experiments, on behalf of the Chinese military since at least 2017.” https://ge.usembassy.gov/ fact-sheet-activity-at-the-wuhan-institute-of-virology/
{"title":"COVID Face Masks and the Wuhan Lab Escape Theory: An Update","authors":"C. Ross","doi":"10.31038/jnnc.2021422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/jnnc.2021422","url":null,"abstract":"Only a few months ago, a commentary, with supporting evidence, and a supporting quotation from the former head of the CDC, that the Wuhan lab leak theory for the origin of the COVID-19 epidemic “is a rational, reasonable, and scientifically grounded theory” could have been characterized as a conspiracy theory [1]. Now, a few months later, the Wuhan lab leak theory is being acknowledged widely in the mainstream media as just that – rational, reasonable, and scientifically grounded [2,3]. The fact that Chinese military experiments have been conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology has recently been confirmed by Mike Pompeo, a former US Secretary of State and former Director of the CIA [3], and is stated on a US Government website [4]: “Despite the WIV presenting itself as a civilian institution, the United States has determined that the WIV has collaborated on publications and secret projects with China’s military. The WIV has engaged in classified research, including laboratory animal experiments, on behalf of the Chinese military since at least 2017.” https://ge.usembassy.gov/ fact-sheet-activity-at-the-wuhan-institute-of-virology/","PeriodicalId":237353,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Neurocritical Care","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115868276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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