A Circular Economy is based on efficiency in natural resource consumption. Reduction in solid and liquid pollution and emissions are built into the new and efficient production processes. To reduce solid and liquid waste, circular economy design is modifying the production process in many industries. Consistent consumer demand for emissions reduction is resulting in a gradual shift from fossil fuels towards renewable energy. Innovation in renewable energy technologies would reduce emissions in the future. This would make the production and consumption process sustainable, making it possible to reach the goals of circular economy design. In the present study, a selection of countries from each continent are striving to reach a goal of circular economy design. For this, they are focusing on renewable energy technologies. They aim to reach 50% to 100% of circular economy design in some of the industries by the year 2060. These countries aim to reach 20% of energy from renewable energy resources during the 2020s; 30% during the 2030s; 40% during the 2040s; and 50% by the year 2060. Innovations in renewable energy technologies could make available a new set of energy resources by the year 2060. In this paper, a set of nine renewable energy technologies are presented.
{"title":"Link between Innovation in the Circular Economy Design and Efficiency Improvement in the Renewable Energy Technologies","authors":"Seeme Mallick","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3900035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3900035","url":null,"abstract":"A Circular Economy is based on efficiency in natural resource consumption. Reduction in solid and liquid pollution and emissions are built into the new and efficient production processes. To reduce solid and liquid waste, circular economy design is modifying the production process in many industries. Consistent consumer demand for emissions reduction is resulting in a gradual shift from fossil fuels towards renewable energy. Innovation in renewable energy technologies would reduce emissions in the future. This would make the production and consumption process sustainable, making it possible to reach the goals of circular economy design. In the present study, a selection of countries from each continent are striving to reach a goal of circular economy design. For this, they are focusing on renewable energy technologies. They aim to reach 50% to 100% of circular economy design in some of the industries by the year 2060. These countries aim to reach 20% of energy from renewable energy resources during the 2020s; 30% during the 2030s; 40% during the 2040s; and 50% by the year 2060. Innovations in renewable energy technologies could make available a new set of energy resources by the year 2060. In this paper, a set of nine renewable energy technologies are presented.","PeriodicalId":237665,"journal":{"name":"Hydropower eJournal","volume":"60 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120883670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foundation of the material described in the article is the property of a liquid during movement along the pipeline to create a hydraulic shock. Channels, faults, and cracks in the earth's crust can be attributed to underground “pipelines”, and magma to liquid. Consequently, when magma moves in the earth's crust and mantle, hydraulic shocks occur. The shock waves that arise during this process form energy pulses, which are accompanied by instantaneous changes in temperature, pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of atoms, phase transitions of matter and a swarm of earthquakes. Being within the framework of Mr. Reid's theory - Elastic recoil, it is impossible to answer the question of the formation of an earthquake swarm, and modern geophysics indecisively blames magma for this, which supposedly changes the temperature background of the earth's crust, thereby causing volumetric expansion of rocks and tremors. We find this explanation correct, but insufficient. In our opinion, the mechanism of the formation of an earthquake swarm is the energy of hydraulic shocks of magma during its movement in faults and fissures of rocks.
{"title":"Hydrodynamics of an Earthquake Swarm","authors":"S. Bychkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3464643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3464643","url":null,"abstract":"The foundation of the material described in the article is the property of a liquid during movement along the pipeline to create a hydraulic shock. Channels, faults, and cracks in the earth's crust can be attributed to underground “pipelines”, and magma to liquid. Consequently, when magma moves in the earth's crust and mantle, hydraulic shocks occur. The shock waves that arise during this process form energy pulses, which are accompanied by instantaneous changes in temperature, pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of atoms, phase transitions of matter and a swarm of earthquakes. Being within the framework of Mr. Reid's theory - Elastic recoil, it is impossible to answer the question of the formation of an earthquake swarm, and modern geophysics indecisively blames magma for this, which supposedly changes the temperature background of the earth's crust, thereby causing volumetric expansion of rocks and tremors. We find this explanation correct, but insufficient. In our opinion, the mechanism of the formation of an earthquake swarm is the energy of hydraulic shocks of magma during its movement in faults and fissures of rocks.","PeriodicalId":237665,"journal":{"name":"Hydropower eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123861230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual rainfall is of great importance to every nation and provides useful data on agricultural, hydrology and hydraulics designs. The research study presents the evaluation of the hydropower potential of river Orle using the analytical potential interpolation of hydrological elements (Rainfall, river discharges e.t.c) with emphasis of developing 1.032 MW power plant-reservoirs. Hydropower is a renewable energy source based on the natural water cycle and most mature, reliable and cost-effective renewable power generation technology. Gumbel’s Probability Distribution method, U.S Soil Conservation technique and empirical formulation were used to estimate maximum flood design, rainfall distribution and intensity and peak river flow. The hydrological data provided by Benin-Owena River Basin stationed in Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi and attached to Department of Civil Engineering Technology were applied for the analysis. The outputs revealed that annual average rainfall of 98.1 mm or more in 75-year; 130.1 mm or more in 50-year out of 100 years. The exceedence probability for a rainfall of 158.1mm is 0.25 with observed rainfall greater than normal. At discharge (10.77 * 10-2 m3/s), the proposed Orle hydropower scheme generated 1.032MW during the peak of wet and 76.6 KW was evaluated during the drying season at (0.80 * 10-2m3/s). The study draws a conclusion that for runoff river scheme at 41.7% flow, the total hydropower potential of 0.676 MW was evaluated.
{"title":"Interpolation of Rainfall-River Orle Discharge for Developing 1.032 MW of Hydropower in Estako-West, Nigeria","authors":"Oyati Edith Nwabuogo, O. Yahaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3200955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3200955","url":null,"abstract":"Annual rainfall is of great importance to every nation and provides useful data on agricultural, hydrology and hydraulics designs. The research study presents the evaluation of the hydropower potential of river Orle using the analytical potential interpolation of hydrological elements (Rainfall, river discharges e.t.c) with emphasis of developing 1.032 MW power plant-reservoirs. Hydropower is a renewable energy source based on the natural water cycle and most mature, reliable and cost-effective renewable power generation technology. Gumbel’s Probability Distribution method, U.S Soil Conservation technique and empirical formulation were used to estimate maximum flood design, rainfall distribution and intensity and peak river flow. The hydrological data provided by Benin-Owena River Basin stationed in Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi and attached to Department of Civil Engineering Technology were applied for the analysis. The outputs revealed that annual average rainfall of 98.1 mm or more in 75-year; 130.1 mm or more in 50-year out of 100 years. The exceedence probability for a rainfall of 158.1mm is 0.25 with observed rainfall greater than normal. At discharge (10.77 * 10-2 m3/s), the proposed Orle hydropower scheme generated 1.032MW during the peak of wet and 76.6 KW was evaluated during the drying season at (0.80 * 10-2m3/s). The study draws a conclusion that for runoff river scheme at 41.7% flow, the total hydropower potential of 0.676 MW was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":237665,"journal":{"name":"Hydropower eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127425346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an imperfect world, hydroelectric power is a form of energy which has the fewest imperfections of all. India has been dominant player in global hydro power development. Hydro-power generation has been a vital component within the overall electricity Portfolio of the country. It is an important source of renewable energy & produces a great amount of electricity. The discourse of “Benefits versus Losses” always remains with hydroelectric power projects. This paper will include some ideas to increase the efficiency of hydro power plant by increasing generation with same input. This paper throws the light over adequacy and flaws of hydro power plants and will conclude with the positive aspect of hydro power plants in India.
{"title":"Hydro World: Things Starts Happening When You Start Believing","authors":"Aditi Diwan, Shivansh Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3690956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3690956","url":null,"abstract":"In an imperfect world, hydroelectric power is a form of energy which has the fewest imperfections of all. India has been dominant player in global hydro power development. Hydro-power generation has been a vital component within the overall electricity Portfolio of the country. It is an important source of renewable energy & produces a great amount of electricity. The discourse of “Benefits versus Losses” always remains with hydroelectric power projects. This paper will include some ideas to increase the efficiency of hydro power plant by increasing generation with same input. This paper throws the light over adequacy and flaws of hydro power plants and will conclude with the positive aspect of hydro power plants in India.","PeriodicalId":237665,"journal":{"name":"Hydropower eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.38177/AJAST.2020.4407
M. Ştefănescu, N. V. Sima, M. M. Boltinescu, M. Petroșel, M. Prisecaru
The paper presents an installation comprising four fine bubble generators each with a circular perforated plate with ∅ 0.2 mm orifices. There is a water tank inside the installation in which compressed air is introduced. The installation is designed so as to ensure the monitoring of the following parameters: 1 - The size of the air bubbles; 2 - The appearance of bubble coalescence; 3 - Increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in water; 4 - The amount of pressure loss that occurs when air passes through the bubble generator; 5 - The efficiency of the aeration process; 6 - Efficacity of the aeration process; 7 - Air consumption; 8 - Electricity consumption; 9 - Air temperature; 10 - Water temperature; 11 - Compressed air pressure; 12 - Hydrostatic load (H).
{"title":"Design and Construction of an Installation for Testing Bubble Generators Used for Water Aeration","authors":"M. Ştefănescu, N. V. Sima, M. M. Boltinescu, M. Petroșel, M. Prisecaru","doi":"10.38177/AJAST.2020.4407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38177/AJAST.2020.4407","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an installation comprising four fine bubble generators each with a circular perforated plate with ∅ 0.2 mm orifices. There is a water tank inside the installation in which compressed air is introduced. The installation is designed so as to ensure the monitoring of the following parameters: 1 - The size of the air bubbles; 2 - The appearance of bubble coalescence; 3 - Increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in water; 4 - The amount of pressure loss that occurs when air passes through the bubble generator; 5 - The efficiency of the aeration process; 6 - Efficacity of the aeration process; 7 - Air consumption; 8 - Electricity consumption; 9 - Air temperature; 10 - Water temperature; 11 - Compressed air pressure; 12 - Hydrostatic load (H).","PeriodicalId":237665,"journal":{"name":"Hydropower eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121164804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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