World journal of stem cells最新文献

Background: Recent advancements in nanomedicine have highlighted the potential of exosome (Ex)-based therapies, utilizing naturally derived nanoparticles, as a novel approach to targeted cancer treatment.

Aim: To explore the targetability and anticancer effectiveness of small interfering peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 RNA (siPIN1)-loaded soluble a proliferation-inducing ligand (sAPRIL)-targeted Exs (designated as tEx[p]) in the treatment of colon cancer models.

Methods: tEx was generated by harvesting conditioned media from adipose-derived stem cells that had undergone transformation using pDisplay vectors encoding sAPRIL-binding peptide sequences. Subsequently, tEx[p] were created by incorporating PIN1 siRNA into the tEx using the Exofect kit. The therapeutic efficacy of these Exs was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.

Results: The tEx[p] group exhibited superior anticancer effects in comparison to other groups, including tEx, Ex[p], and Ex, demonstrated by the smallest tumor size, the slowest tumor growth rate, and the lightest weight of the excised tumors observed in the tEx[p] group (P < 0.05). Moreover, analyses of the excised tumor tissues, using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining, revealed that tEx[p] treatment resulted in the highest increase in E-cadherin expression and the most significant reduction in the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail (P < 0.05), suggesting a more effective inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition tEx[p], likely due to the enhanced delivery of siPIN1.

Conclusion: The use of bioengineered Exs targeting sAPRIL and containing siPIN1 demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.

Background: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) regenerate oral tissue. In vitro expansion causes replicative senescence in stem cells. This causes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which can impair stem cell function. Tissue engineering efficiency is reduced by exogenous ROS stimulation, which causes premature senescence under oxidative stress. Melatonin (MT), a powerful free radical scavenger, can delay PDLSCs senescence but may not maintain stemness under oxidative stress. This experiment examined the effects of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on PDLSCs' apoptosis, senescence, and stemness.

Aim: To determine if MT can reverse the above effects along with the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods: PDLSCs were isolated from human premolars and cultured in different conditions. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the cell surface markers of PDLSCs. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce oxidative stress in PDLSCs. Cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, ROS, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity were assessed by various assays. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to measure the expression of genes and proteins related to stemness and senescence.

Results: MT increases Yes-associated protein expression and maintains cell stemness in an induced inflammatory microenvironment, which may explain its therapeutic effects. We examined how MT affects PDLSCs aging and stemness and its biological mechanisms.

Conclusion: Our study reveals MT's role in regulating oxidative stress in PDLSCs and Yes-associated protein-mediated activity, providing insights into cellular functions and new therapeutic targets for tissue regeneration.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of intra-articular injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) progression in the knee joint. Although many experimental studies of hUC-MSCs have been published, these studies have mainly used fetal bovine serum-containing cultures of hUC-MSCs; serum-free cultures generally avoid the shortcomings of serum-containing cultures and are not subject to ethical limitations, have a wide range of prospects for clinical application, and provide a basis or animal experimentation for clinical experiments.

Aim: To study the therapeutic effects of serum-free hUC-MSCs (N-hUCMSCs) in a mouse model of knee OA.

Methods: Fifty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: The blank control group, model control group, serum-containing hUC-MSCs (S-hUCMSC) group, N-hUCMSC group and hyaluronic acid (HA) group. After 9 weeks of modeling, the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the cartilage tissue, and the Mankin score was determined. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine the expression of collagen type II, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13.

Results: The Mankin score and serum IL-1 and IL-1β and cartilage tissue MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). Collagen II expression in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). The Mankin score and serum IL-1 and IL-1β and cartilage tissue MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels the experimental group were lower than those in the model control group (P < 0.05). Collagen II expression in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the model control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: N-hUCMSC treatment significantly alleviate the pathological damage caused by OA. The treatment effects of the S- hUCMSC group and HA group were similar.

This article highlights the importance of optimizing the techniques used for isolating stromal vascular fraction cells from adipose tissue. Furthermore, by presenting key findings from the literature, it clarifies the effects of refined techniques on regenerative medicine and advocates for ongoing research and innovation to enhance therapeutic outcomes.

This article discussed a study by Almahasneh et al, which investigated how high glucose and severe hypoxia affected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at different passages. This research provides insights into the resilience of higher-passage MSCs under stress conditions, challenging the common use of lower passage MSCs in clinical settings. While this study offers valuable perspectives on the adaptability of MSCs, it relies mainly on in vitro results from a single cell line, limiting broader applicability. It highlights the need for more comprehensive in vivo studies to validate these findings and better understand MSC behavior in clinical scenarios.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare but serious condition in which the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new blood cells, leading to fatigue, increased susceptibility to infection, and uncontrolled bleeding. In this editorial, we review and comment on an article by Wang et al published in 2024. This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of ginsenoside Rg1 in AA, focusing on its protective effects and uncovering the underlying mechanisms. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) administration caused substantial damage to the structural integrity of the bone marrow and decreased the number of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby establishing an AA model. Compared with the AA group, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated the effects of CTX by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 significantly mitigated myelosuppression in mice by inhibiting the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Thus, this study indicates that ginsenoside Rg1 could be effective in treating AA by reducing myelosuppression, primarily through its influence on the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We expect that our review and comments will provide valuable insights for the scientific community related to this research and enhance the overall clarity of this article.

The burgeoning field of bioengineering has witnessed significant strides due to the advent of stem cell models, particularly in their application in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). In this review, we examine the multifaceted impact of these developments, emphasizing the potential of stem cell models to enhance the sophistication of ATMPs and to offer alternatives to animal testing. Stem cell-derived tissues are particularly promising because they can reshape the preclinical landscape by providing more physiologically relevant and ethically sound platforms for drug screening and disease modelling. We also discuss the critical challenges of reproducibility and accuracy in measurements to ensure the integrity and utility of stem cell models in research and application. Moreover, this review highlights the imperative of stem cell models to align with regulatory standards, ensuring using stem cells in ATMPs translates into safe and effective clinical therapies. With regulatory approval serving as a gateway to clinical adoption, the collaborative efforts between scientists and regulators are vital for the progression of stem cell applications from bench to bedside. We advocate for a balanced approach that nurtures innovation within the framework of rigorous validation and regulatory compliance, ensuring that stem cell-base solutions are maximized to promote public trust and patient health in ATMPs.

Recently, we read a mini-review published by Jeyaraman et al. The article explored the optimal methods for isolating mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Key factors include tissue source, processing techniques, cell viability assessment, and the advantages/disadvantages of autologous vs allogeneic use. The authors emphasized the need for standardized protocols for SVF isolation, ethical and regulatory standards for cell-based therapy, and safety to advance mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies in human patients. This manuscript shares our perspective on SVF isolation in canines. We discussed future directions to potentiate effective regenerative medicine therapeutics in human and veterinary medicine.

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) poses a prevalent challenge in current reperfusion therapies, with an absence of efficacious interventions to address the underlying causes.

Aim: To investigate whether the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) derived from subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissue (IAT) under γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) induction (GABA-EVs^IAT) demonstrate a more pronounced inhibitory effect on mitochondrial oxidative stress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: We investigated the potential protective effects of EVs derived from mouse ADSCs pretreated with GABA. We assessed cardiomyocyte injury using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays. The integrity of cardiomyocyte mitochondria morphology was assessed using electron microscopy across various intervention backgrounds. To explore the functional RNA diversity between EVs^IAT and GABA-EVs^IAT, we employed microRNA (miR) sequencing. Through a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed the molecular mechanism by which EVs mediate thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted to determine how TXNIP is involved in mediation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Results: Our study demonstrates that, under the influence of GABA, ADSCs exhibit an increased capacity to encapsulate a higher abundance of miR-21-5p within EVs. Consequently, this leads to a more pronounced inhibitory effect on mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to EVs from ADSCs without GABA intervention, ultimately resulting in myocardial protection. On a molecular mechanism level, EVs regulate the expression of TXNIP and mitigating excessive oxidative stress in mitochondria during MIRI process to rescue cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion: Administration of GABA leads to the specific loading of miR-21-5p into EVs by ADSCs, thereby regulating the expression of TXNIP. The EVs derived from ADSCs treated with GABA effectively ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitigates cardiomyocytes damage in the pathological process of MIRI.

The intrinsic heterogeneity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and the intricate pathogenesis have impeded the advancement and clinical implementation of therapeutic interventions, underscoring the critical demand for novel treatments. A recent publication by Li et al proposes mesenchymal stem cells as promising effectors for the treatment of MASLD. This editorial is a continuum of the article published by Jiang et al which focuses on the significance of strategies to enhance the functionality of mesenchymal stem cells to improve efficacy in curing MASLD, including physical pretreatment, drug or chemical pretreatment, pretreatment with bioactive substances, and genetic engineering.