Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-69-82
Mariya Vladimirovna Voynova
The article focuses on the environmental legislation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which regulates, among other things, the issues of protecting the environment of the Caspian Sea. Iran, like other Caspian states, is aware of the need to protect and protect the Caspian marine environment, on which the state of the coastal provinces and the well-being of the local population depend. There are examined the main legal acts of Iran related to the management of the quality of water resources, the protection of the marine environment from pollution, the protection of biological resources. Iran’s domestic environmental legislation was formed in the second half of the 20th century, but the most important regulations for the protection of the environment of the Caspian Sea were adopted during the last 25 years. In general, the national legislation of Iran is aimed at protecting the environment, while providing the population with water resources and protecting surface and groundwater from pollution, including the marine waters of the Caspian Sea, is especially important for the republic. The direction of Iran’s environmental legislation is consistent with the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea of 2018, which has not yet been ratified by the republic. In this Convention, the Caspian states have undertaken to protect and preserve the ecological system of the Caspian Sea and all its components, not to carry out activities that damage biological diversity, and also to bear responsibility for damage caused to the ecological system of the Caspian Sea. In the next decade, Iran plans to prepare a national action plan for the republic on protecting the marine environment, biodiversity, combating marine pollution, public participation and capacity building, as well as increasing coastal and marine protected areas, which gives some hope for the ratification of the Convention on the Legal status of the Caspian Sea.
{"title":"Main stages of developing environmental legislation of Islamic Republic of Iran on environmental protection of Caspian Sea","authors":"Mariya Vladimirovna Voynova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-69-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-69-82","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the environmental legislation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which regulates, among other things, the issues of protecting the environment of the Caspian Sea. Iran, like other Caspian states, is aware of the need to protect and protect the Caspian marine environment, on which the state of the coastal provinces and the well-being of the local population depend. There are examined the main legal acts of Iran related to the management of the quality of water resources, the protection of the marine environment from pollution, the protection of biological resources. Iran’s domestic environmental legislation was formed in the second half of the 20th century, but the most important regulations for the protection of the environment of the Caspian Sea were adopted during the last 25 years. In general, the national legislation of Iran is aimed at protecting the environment, while providing the population with water resources and protecting surface and groundwater from pollution, including the marine waters of the Caspian Sea, is especially important for the republic. The direction of Iran’s environmental legislation is consistent with the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea of 2018, which has not yet been ratified by the republic. In this Convention, the Caspian states have undertaken to protect and preserve the ecological system of the Caspian Sea and all its components, not to carry out activities that damage biological diversity, and also to bear responsibility for damage caused to the ecological system of the Caspian Sea. In the next decade, Iran plans to prepare a national action plan for the republic on protecting the marine environment, biodiversity, combating marine pollution, public participation and capacity building, as well as increasing coastal and marine protected areas, which gives some hope for the ratification of the Convention on the Legal status of the Caspian Sea.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117221090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of artificial substrates fouling in the Caspian Sea is carried out by many scientists. The initiators of installing the artificial reefs in recent years have been the oil companies operating in the Caspian Sea, while the main goal was to improve the quality of the marine environment by increasing the self-cleaning ability of the marine ecosystem due to the development of filter organisms forming dense clusters on the surfaces of artificial substrates. There are presented the results of studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of zooperiphyton of artificial reefs installed in the northern part of the Caspian Sea at the depths of 4-10 m. Samples were taken from the concrete artificial substrates. The studies were carried out by the conventional research methods. As a result, there were obtained the data on species composition of the zooocenosis of fouling and their quantitative characteristics. In zooperiphyte samples there were found 11 species from 4 classes of invertebrates: Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Hydrozoa. Of this number of species, the largest abundance and biomass were formed by Balanus improvisus (Balanidae) and Mytilaster lineatus (Mytilidae). The level of development of these two species determined the general indicators of zoocenosis of artificial reef fouling. The remaining species had low indicators of quantitative development, but were important for the fouling biodiversity of the Caspian Sea. There has been defined the influence of the depth of artificial reef installation on the development of fouling organisms, found their higher quantitative characteristics compared to zoobenthos, and the structure-forming species of zooperiphyton in the survey area.
{"title":"Structure of zoocenoses of artificial reef fouling in Northern Caspian","authors":"Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kurapov, Roza Ivanovna Umerbaeva","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-62-68","url":null,"abstract":"The study of artificial substrates fouling in the Caspian Sea is carried out by many scientists. The initiators of installing the artificial reefs in recent years have been the oil companies operating in the Caspian Sea, while the main goal was to improve the quality of the marine environment by increasing the self-cleaning ability of the marine ecosystem due to the development of filter organisms forming dense clusters on the surfaces of artificial substrates. There are presented the results of studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of zooperiphyton of artificial reefs installed in the northern part of the Caspian Sea at the depths of 4-10 m. Samples were taken from the concrete artificial substrates. The studies were carried out by the conventional research methods. As a result, there were obtained the data on species composition of the zooocenosis of fouling and their quantitative characteristics. In zooperiphyte samples there were found 11 species from 4 classes of invertebrates: Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Hydrozoa. Of this number of species, the largest abundance and biomass were formed by Balanus improvisus (Balanidae) and Mytilaster lineatus (Mytilidae). The level of development of these two species determined the general indicators of zoocenosis of artificial reef fouling. The remaining species had low indicators of quantitative development, but were important for the fouling biodiversity of the Caspian Sea. There has been defined the influence of the depth of artificial reef installation on the development of fouling organisms, found their higher quantitative characteristics compared to zoobenthos, and the structure-forming species of zooperiphyton in the survey area.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129213193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-83-88
E. A. Stepanenko, I. Volkova, Viktoriya Aleksandrovna Alferova, L. Seydalieva
The article focuses on studying the reaction of erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta) on oil pollution of the soil and presents the results on germination, shoot length, root length, death of seedlings and morphological changes. The study results were shown using model contaminated soils (concentrations of 2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg) in parallel with the control (clean soil). The studies were carried out under equivalent conditions (similar grade of soil, temperature regime, light level, humidity, etc.). It was found that the results of germination in combination with the results of death and morphological changes are most significant for this test object. At low and medium concentrations of oil (2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg) there is registered an increasing percentage of germination, and at high concentrations (7.5 g/kg) there is a decrease. At concentration of 5 g/kg, along with increasing germination, the subsequent death of seedlings (2%) is observed. And at concentration of 7.5 g/kg, in addition to a decreasing germination, there is registered an increasing death (4%) and specific morphological changes (signs of chlorosis). It was stated that the optimal concentration of contamination is 5 g/kg, at which the percentage of germination increases, the length of the stem grows and the length of the root decreases slightly. At such level of pollution plants are not subject to significant negative changes (death losses are minimal - 1 seedling), which indicates the tolerance and adaptability of this object to certain concentrations and makes it possible to use it in the future as an object of phytoremediation.
{"title":"Studying reaction of erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta) to oil pollution","authors":"E. A. Stepanenko, I. Volkova, Viktoriya Aleksandrovna Alferova, L. Seydalieva","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-83-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on studying the reaction of erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta) on oil pollution of the soil and presents the results on germination, shoot length, root length, death of seedlings and morphological changes. The study results were shown using model contaminated soils (concentrations of 2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg) in parallel with the control (clean soil). The studies were carried out under equivalent conditions (similar grade of soil, temperature regime, light level, humidity, etc.). It was found that the results of germination in combination with the results of death and morphological changes are most significant for this test object. At low and medium concentrations of oil (2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg) there is registered an increasing percentage of germination, and at high concentrations (7.5 g/kg) there is a decrease. At concentration of 5 g/kg, along with increasing germination, the subsequent death of seedlings (2%) is observed. And at concentration of 7.5 g/kg, in addition to a decreasing germination, there is registered an increasing death (4%) and specific morphological changes (signs of chlorosis). It was stated that the optimal concentration of contamination is 5 g/kg, at which the percentage of germination increases, the length of the stem grows and the length of the root decreases slightly. At such level of pollution plants are not subject to significant negative changes (death losses are minimal - 1 seedling), which indicates the tolerance and adaptability of this object to certain concentrations and makes it possible to use it in the future as an object of phytoremediation.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131005298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-34-44
Ruslan Faritovich Gibadullin, D. A. Chudievich
The article focuses on studying the foaming process in the amine solutions (diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)) on an example of the model mixtures containing different organic and inorganic impurities and their combinations: oxalic acid, formic acid, corrosion inhibitor, hydrocarbons, amine decomposition products, mechanical impurities. It has been found that the greatest influence on foaming in the DEA solution is exerted by its decomposition products containing the formic acid, and at a concentration of 3% by weight the foam height increased by more than 3 times, and the foam stability - by 20 times. Oxalic acid also has a significant effect on foaming: at a concentration of 1 g/l the foam height increased by 3 times, and the foam stability - by more than 5 times. The decomposition products of DEA containing oxalic acid have a rather noticeable effect - the height and stability of the foam increased by 2.8 and 6.8 times, respectively. The foam grew least in the presence of formic acid - by 2 times, at the same time the stability was enhanced by more than 4 times. It has been stated that hydrocarbons have the greatest influence on foaming of the MDEA solution - at a concentration of 0.5% vol. the foam height increased by more than 1.7 times, and the stability of the foam - by 5 times. Similarly, the decomposition products of MDEA made a significant impact – the foam height increased by more than 1.7 times, and the foam stability - by 11 times. Mechanical impurities caused an increase in the foam height by more than 1.6 times and in stability by 1.4 times. Introducing a corrosion inhibitor foaming gave the least result - the foam height decreased by 2.8 times, and the stability increased by 2 times. There has been found the mutual influence of impurities in the MDEA solution, which could be seen in the mutual suppression of foaming in the double and triple mixtures compared with the single-component solutions.
{"title":"Studying influence of different impurities on foaming of amine absorbents of sour gas treatment plants","authors":"Ruslan Faritovich Gibadullin, D. A. Chudievich","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-34-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-34-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on studying the foaming process in the amine solutions (diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)) on an example of the model mixtures containing different organic and inorganic impurities and their combinations: oxalic acid, formic acid, corrosion inhibitor, hydrocarbons, amine decomposition products, mechanical impurities. It has been found that the greatest influence on foaming in the DEA solution is exerted by its decomposition products containing the formic acid, and at a concentration of 3% by weight the foam height increased by more than 3 times, and the foam stability - by 20 times. Oxalic acid also has a significant effect on foaming: at a concentration of 1 g/l the foam height increased by 3 times, and the foam stability - by more than 5 times. The decomposition products of DEA containing oxalic acid have a rather noticeable effect - the height and stability of the foam increased by 2.8 and 6.8 times, respectively. The foam grew least in the presence of formic acid - by 2 times, at the same time the stability was enhanced by more than 4 times. It has been stated that hydrocarbons have the greatest influence on foaming of the MDEA solution - at a concentration of 0.5% vol. the foam height increased by more than 1.7 times, and the stability of the foam - by 5 times. Similarly, the decomposition products of MDEA made a significant impact – the foam height increased by more than 1.7 times, and the foam stability - by 11 times. Mechanical impurities caused an increase in the foam height by more than 1.6 times and in stability by 1.4 times. Introducing a corrosion inhibitor foaming gave the least result - the foam height decreased by 2.8 times, and the stability increased by 2 times. There has been found the mutual influence of impurities in the MDEA solution, which could be seen in the mutual suppression of foaming in the double and triple mixtures compared with the single-component solutions.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134274807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-49-55
Vladimir Vladislavovich Kudinov, Nadezhda Golchikova
The article highlights the study of the part of a comprehensive geoecological survey related to the analysis of the potential ecological risk due to the abandoned deep wells on the territory of the Astrakhan region. The research methods are based on a comprehensive study of the basic parameters of the geological and technogenic environments that determine the potential ecological consequences of technogenic accidents. There are discussed the principles of the methodology of ranking the territory of the Astrakhan region, depending on the complex of geological and hydrogeological parameters determining the degree of protection of the geological environment from the technogenic pollution. A detailed description of the main lithofacies and hydrogeological features of the the section of the quaternary deposits of the studied area is presented. The most vulnerable deposits in terms of lithofacies and hydrogeology for technogenic pollution deposits are indicated. Data on the filtration characteristics of quaternary deposits presented in the section of the studied area is given. There is given information about the location of oil and gas from the abandoned deep wellheads as one of the technogenic factors that determine the pollution of the environment. There has been developed a comprehensive first aquifer protection scheme of south-western part of the Astrakhan region based on available hydrogeological, lithofacies features of the section structure. Four main categories of protection of the Pleistocene aquifer within the studied area from technogenic pollution have been identified. Their percentage ratio within the studied area was determined, in particular, the least protected aquifer (category 1) is predominant. The abandoned deep wells are localized in relation to the protection categories of the Pleistocene aquifer. The studied area has a complex of lithofacies and hydrogeological parameters that maximally contribute to the risk of developing technogenic pollution, which may arise as a result of the poor technical condition of the abandoned deep wells.
{"title":"Localization of stock of abandoned wells and typification of territory of Astrakhan region by levels of environmental risk","authors":"Vladimir Vladislavovich Kudinov, Nadezhda Golchikova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the study of the part of a comprehensive geoecological survey related to the analysis of the potential ecological risk due to the abandoned deep wells on the territory of the Astrakhan region. The research methods are based on a comprehensive study of the basic parameters of the geological and technogenic environments that determine the potential ecological consequences of technogenic accidents. There are discussed the principles of the methodology of ranking the territory of the Astrakhan region, depending on the complex of geological and hydrogeological parameters determining the degree of protection of the geological environment from the technogenic pollution. A detailed description of the main lithofacies and hydrogeological features of the the section of the quaternary deposits of the studied area is presented. The most vulnerable deposits in terms of lithofacies and hydrogeology for technogenic pollution deposits are indicated. Data on the filtration characteristics of quaternary deposits presented in the section of the studied area is given. There is given information about the location of oil and gas from the abandoned deep wellheads as one of the technogenic factors that determine the pollution of the environment. There has been developed a comprehensive first aquifer protection scheme of south-western part of the Astrakhan region based on available hydrogeological, lithofacies features of the section structure. Four main categories of protection of the Pleistocene aquifer within the studied area from technogenic pollution have been identified. Their percentage ratio within the studied area was determined, in particular, the least protected aquifer (category 1) is predominant. The abandoned deep wells are localized in relation to the protection categories of the Pleistocene aquifer. The studied area has a complex of lithofacies and hydrogeological parameters that maximally contribute to the risk of developing technogenic pollution, which may arise as a result of the poor technical condition of the abandoned deep wells.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122356170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-23-33
N. A. Pivovarova
Oil, gas condensates, oil products present a complex colloidal-dispersed system which often demonstrates the abnormally changing properties when external conditions change. Mixing the petroleum products can be accompanied by a non-linear behavior accompanied by synergistic and antagonistic effects. Understanding of the oil and oil products as oil dispersed systems, the specific features of intermolecular interaction largely clarify their behavior, changes in properties, chemistry and mechanism of reactions occurring in them. Petroleum systems are polydisperse, in which the components can coexist in different aggregate states, and the size of the dispersed phase can vary over a wide range. They consist of diverse compounds that differ in properties, structure, shapes and sizes of molecules. Due to the variety of components that make up oil disperse systems the intermolecular interactions determine such a feature of the behavior of oil systems as the phenomenon of self-organization and structuring, which manifest themselves when external influences change and are sensitive to them. They are characterized by the absence of charge and a minimum of charge-polarization interactions of molecules, and intermolecular interactions are largely determined by the presence of paramagnetic molecules. The uncompensated spin of macromolecular compounds due to the steric obstacles, a homolytic dissociation, and the presence of microelement compounds ensure the paramagnetism of petroleum dispersed systems. This leads to developing the stable associative combinations and the formation of complex structural units capable of redistributing components and layers between phases under the influence of external effects. Comprehensive analysis and unanimity of views on the physical and chemical interactions of the components of oil systems leading to a change in their structure, open up fundamentally new opportunities for intensifying processes in the practice of production, transportation and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials and the use of petroleum products, and also allow predicting the behavior of oil systems in processes which they are participating.
{"title":"Characteristics of molecular interaction in oil dispersed systems","authors":"N. A. Pivovarova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-23-33","url":null,"abstract":"Oil, gas condensates, oil products present a complex colloidal-dispersed system which often demonstrates the abnormally changing properties when external conditions change. Mixing the petroleum products can be accompanied by a non-linear behavior accompanied by synergistic and antagonistic effects. Understanding of the oil and oil products as oil dispersed systems, the specific features of intermolecular interaction largely clarify their behavior, changes in properties, chemistry and mechanism of reactions occurring in them. Petroleum systems are polydisperse, in which the components can coexist in different aggregate states, and the size of the dispersed phase can vary over a wide range. They consist of diverse compounds that differ in properties, structure, shapes and sizes of molecules. Due to the variety of components that make up oil disperse systems the intermolecular interactions determine such a feature of the behavior of oil systems as the phenomenon of self-organization and structuring, which manifest themselves when external influences change and are sensitive to them. They are characterized by the absence of charge and a minimum of charge-polarization interactions of molecules, and intermolecular interactions are largely determined by the presence of paramagnetic molecules. The uncompensated spin of macromolecular compounds due to the steric obstacles, a homolytic dissociation, and the presence of microelement compounds ensure the paramagnetism of petroleum dispersed systems. This leads to developing the stable associative combinations and the formation of complex structural units capable of redistributing components and layers between phases under the influence of external effects. Comprehensive analysis and unanimity of views on the physical and chemical interactions of the components of oil systems leading to a change in their structure, open up fundamentally new opportunities for intensifying processes in the practice of production, transportation and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials and the use of petroleum products, and also allow predicting the behavior of oil systems in processes which they are participating.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124215669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-7-12
Nataliya Pavlovna Memedeykina, E. R. Telichkina, N. Klimov
The article considers the operation principle of the Roots-type gas blowers. The diagram of the airflows from the blower is illustrated. A detailed description of the technological process of gas compression is given. The main actual defects of equipment such as blowers during operation are listed. Repair of equipment includes, as a rule, dismantling, complete disassembly of the flow part of the case and impellers with cleaning from the polymer, replacement of the rotary piston, cleaning tensioned metal points, replacement of rolling bearings and seal rings, as well as turning and mechanical works. The reasons for the defects are considered. Industrial rotary gas blowers transport polypropylene (powder) for its further processing in an adjacent production shop and are important for the shop operation as a whole. During operation, when the ambient temperature exceeds 40°C, heating of the parts and mechanisms of the gas blower exceeds 85°C, which affects the operation of the equipment. It is proposed to use the throttle effect to reduce the gas temperature at the suction stage of the gas blower without using the heat exchange equipment in the technological process. The principle of the Joule-Thompson throttle effect is described. Physical substantiation of the temperature effect of throttling is given, which consists in the ratio of changes in the internal kinetic and internal potential energy of the gas flowing. An inversion curve plot for nitrogen is shown. A list of measures for the maintenance and repair of equipment for pneumatic transportation of polypropylene (powder) is presented.
{"title":"Modernization of equipment for transportation of polypropylene","authors":"Nataliya Pavlovna Memedeykina, E. R. Telichkina, N. Klimov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-7-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-7-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the operation principle of the Roots-type gas blowers. The diagram of the airflows from the blower is illustrated. A detailed description of the technological process of gas compression is given. The main actual defects of equipment such as blowers during operation are listed. Repair of equipment includes, as a rule, dismantling, complete disassembly of the flow part of the case and impellers with cleaning from the polymer, replacement of the rotary piston, cleaning tensioned metal points, replacement of rolling bearings and seal rings, as well as turning and mechanical works. The reasons for the defects are considered. Industrial rotary gas blowers transport polypropylene (powder) for its further processing in an adjacent production shop and are important for the shop operation as a whole. During operation, when the ambient temperature exceeds 40°C, heating of the parts and mechanisms of the gas blower exceeds 85°C, which affects the operation of the equipment. It is proposed to use the throttle effect to reduce the gas temperature at the suction stage of the gas blower without using the heat exchange equipment in the technological process. The principle of the Joule-Thompson throttle effect is described. Physical substantiation of the temperature effect of throttling is given, which consists in the ratio of changes in the internal kinetic and internal potential energy of the gas flowing. An inversion curve plot for nitrogen is shown. A list of measures for the maintenance and repair of equipment for pneumatic transportation of polypropylene (powder) is presented.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121200208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-13-17
Yulia Sergeevna Feklunova, E. Boldyreva
The role of the Russian energy industry in modern conditions is indicated. An important part of the energy sector of the Russian Federation is the fuel and energy complex, which is based on oil production. Oil in its pure form contains many impurities (water, sand, gas, pieces of rock, etc.). In order to meet the standards, oil needs to go through many refining processes. Heat exchangers play an important role at the stage of oil refining. It has been found that in the course of work scale, various deposits, pollution are formed in the heat-exchange equipment. Due to these formations, the heat exchanger loses its heating properties. It is possible to prevent the formation of deposits by using ultrasonic method. Structurally, the ultrasonic unit is a pulse generator with two magnetic transducers. When sonicating an oil-water emulsion with ultrasound, destruction occurs, splitting the crystals of hardness salts formed in the heated emulsion. Ultrasonic treatment, propagating over the surface, prevents the formation of scale deposits on it. Ultrasonic treatment is the most effective method for controlling the rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from both technological and environmental and economic points of view. The results of the analysis of the ultrasonic method are presented, its advantages and disadvantages are listed. Conclusions are drawn about the insufficient number of studies comparing ultrasonic and thermal treatment of oil and the need for further study of the application of the ultrasonic method for primary oil treatment equipment.
{"title":"Modernization of primary oil treatment equipment","authors":"Yulia Sergeevna Feklunova, E. Boldyreva","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-13-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-13-17","url":null,"abstract":"The role of the Russian energy industry in modern conditions is indicated. An important part of the energy sector of the Russian Federation is the fuel and energy complex, which is based on oil production. Oil in its pure form contains many impurities (water, sand, gas, pieces of rock, etc.). In order to meet the standards, oil needs to go through many refining processes. Heat exchangers play an important role at the stage of oil refining. It has been found that in the course of work scale, various deposits, pollution are formed in the heat-exchange equipment. Due to these formations, the heat exchanger loses its heating properties. It is possible to prevent the formation of deposits by using ultrasonic method. Structurally, the ultrasonic unit is a pulse generator with two magnetic transducers. When sonicating an oil-water emulsion with ultrasound, destruction occurs, splitting the crystals of hardness salts formed in the heated emulsion. Ultrasonic treatment, propagating over the surface, prevents the formation of scale deposits on it. Ultrasonic treatment is the most effective method for controlling the rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from both technological and environmental and economic points of view. The results of the analysis of the ultrasonic method are presented, its advantages and disadvantages are listed. Conclusions are drawn about the insufficient number of studies comparing ultrasonic and thermal treatment of oil and the need for further study of the application of the ultrasonic method for primary oil treatment equipment.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117095441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-45-48
Natalya Fyodorovna Lyamina, N. V. Gorbachev, Ramis Khasyanovich Kasaev
Operation of a modern well is impossible without a constant monitoring system. Such systems include various control and measuring devices, pressure and temperature sensors, which makes the well operation predictable, trouble-free and efficient. Active introduction of digital technologies has greatly influenced many industries, including the oil and gas sector. The widespread use of computerization has facilitated oil and gas production. Streams of digital information about the field, its drilling, development of hydrocarbon raw materials, marketing of oil, gas and refined products, as well as interactive processes for monitoring and managing market conditions for oil and gas companies get to the headquarters and become available to the decision makers. The technology of creating smart wells has led to one of the most significant breakthroughs in intelligent innovative technologies of hydrocarbon production in recent years. There are discussed the temperature measurement technologies used in the smart wells and provided comparison of their characteristics, a description of the operation scheme, as well as the structure of each technology. The well-established fiber-optic system in operation is considered, as well as a new analog development - a thermometric chain. The scheme of a thermometric spit is illustrated and a detailed description of the relationship of its constituent elements is given. There are given the main advantages of the thermometric chain over the fiber-optic systems and the explanation for its choice during the operation of the well.
{"title":"Substantiation of introducing thermometric chain technology in smart wells","authors":"Natalya Fyodorovna Lyamina, N. V. Gorbachev, Ramis Khasyanovich Kasaev","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-45-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-45-48","url":null,"abstract":"Operation of a modern well is impossible without a constant monitoring system. Such systems include various control and measuring devices, pressure and temperature sensors, which makes the well operation predictable, trouble-free and efficient. Active introduction of digital technologies has greatly influenced many industries, including the oil and gas sector. The widespread use of computerization has facilitated oil and gas production. Streams of digital information about the field, its drilling, development of hydrocarbon raw materials, marketing of oil, gas and refined products, as well as interactive processes for monitoring and managing market conditions for oil and gas companies get to the headquarters and become available to the decision makers. The technology of creating smart wells has led to one of the most significant breakthroughs in intelligent innovative technologies of hydrocarbon production in recent years. There are discussed the temperature measurement technologies used in the smart wells and provided comparison of their characteristics, a description of the operation scheme, as well as the structure of each technology. The well-established fiber-optic system in operation is considered, as well as a new analog development - a thermometric chain. The scheme of a thermometric spit is illustrated and a detailed description of the relationship of its constituent elements is given. There are given the main advantages of the thermometric chain over the fiber-optic systems and the explanation for its choice during the operation of the well.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-56-61
R. N. Lutfullin, Nadezhda Golchikova
The left-bank part of the Astrakhan gas condensate field (AGCF) is represented by a carbonate reservoir of a complex type. The study of the geological structure and properties of the deposit is a fundamental factor for its successful operation. There are presented the main characteristics of the lithological composition and filtration-capacitance properties of the carbonate productive reservoir C2b of the left-bank part of the AGCF, described the specific features of their formation. One of the important features of the productive carbonate reservoir of the left-bank part of the AGCF is the anisotropy of filtration-capacitance properties in different directions. Special attention was paid to the description of horizontal and vertical fracturing, and post-sedimentation processes. There is proposed a probable mechanism of fracturing in areas of high occurrence of productive strata. The problem of well flooding is of great importance for the development of AGCF. Different factors of geological and technical order were investigated (the position of drilled faces and perforation intervals/open barrel relative to the position of the gas-water contact). No regularities were revealed. Based on the study of field data, zones of vertical fracturing have been identified, which caused the flooding of wells. It is possible to map watering zones according to the structural parameters of Bashkir deposits at the highest roof marks. There has been suggested a probable model of well flooding in the left-bank part of the AGCF associated with the tectonic factor and post-sedimentation processes of external influence. The actual data are presented, including a diagram of wells with a water-gas factor WGF ≥ 100 cm3/m3 depending on the occurrence of the roof C2b, which clearly confirm the predominance of a crack-pore collector with significant communication in the described zones.
{"title":"Vertical fracture affecting production well flooding as feature of geological section of left-bank part of Astrakhan gas condensate field","authors":"R. N. Lutfullin, Nadezhda Golchikova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-56-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-56-61","url":null,"abstract":"The left-bank part of the Astrakhan gas condensate field (AGCF) is represented by a carbonate reservoir of a complex type. The study of the geological structure and properties of the deposit is a fundamental factor for its successful operation. There are presented the main characteristics of the lithological composition and filtration-capacitance properties of the carbonate productive reservoir C2b of the left-bank part of the AGCF, described the specific features of their formation. One of the important features of the productive carbonate reservoir of the left-bank part of the AGCF is the anisotropy of filtration-capacitance properties in different directions. Special attention was paid to the description of horizontal and vertical fracturing, and post-sedimentation processes. There is proposed a probable mechanism of fracturing in areas of high occurrence of productive strata. The problem of well flooding is of great importance for the development of AGCF. Different factors of geological and technical order were investigated (the position of drilled faces and perforation intervals/open barrel relative to the position of the gas-water contact). No regularities were revealed. Based on the study of field data, zones of vertical fracturing have been identified, which caused the flooding of wells. It is possible to map watering zones according to the structural parameters of Bashkir deposits at the highest roof marks. There has been suggested a probable model of well flooding in the left-bank part of the AGCF associated with the tectonic factor and post-sedimentation processes of external influence. The actual data are presented, including a diagram of wells with a water-gas factor WGF ≥ 100 cm3/m3 depending on the occurrence of the roof C2b, which clearly confirm the predominance of a crack-pore collector with significant communication in the described zones.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133774204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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