Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-18-22
N. Artemieva, Maksim Nikolaevich Krivonosov
The oil and gas sector is one of the leading branches of industry in our country. Millions of tons of oil and gas are produced every year in the Russian Federation. Part of the extracted natural resources is put on the international market, the rest is processed domestically providing the population with energy and other useful substances: sulfur, gasoline, oils, bitumen, and so on. Oil and gas processing is a complex process that requires a large amount of human, energy and technical resources. In the modern world, there are different types of oil and gas processing equipment: separators, reactors, furnaces, coagulators, distillation columns, etc. Separators are used for the primary separation of the reservoir gas from impurities, which are based on the separation process. The raw material for the separation plants is high-pressure reservoir gas, as well as gas for stabilization and purging of wells that consists of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, reservoir water and organosulfur compounds. These plants are designed to separate high-pressure reservoir gas produced at the production site into gas, gas condensate and associated water. Possible options for upgrading the design of an oil and gas separator for deep oil degassing are being explored. A final stage separator of the NGS-II-6-3000-09G2S type used in oil treatment plants was adopted as a basic model. The disadvantages of the separator design are listed. Design solutions have been developed in order to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The scheme of the modernized design of the oil and gas separator is illustrated. A detailed description of the principle of operation of the proposed design is presented. Calculations have been carried out to improve the efficiency of oil-gas separation.
{"title":"Optimization of separation processes in high-pressure reservoir gas separation technology","authors":"N. Artemieva, Maksim Nikolaevich Krivonosov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-18-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-2-18-22","url":null,"abstract":"The oil and gas sector is one of the leading branches of industry in our country. Millions of tons of oil and gas are produced every year in the Russian Federation. Part of the extracted natural resources is put on the international market, the rest is processed domestically providing the population with energy and other useful substances: sulfur, gasoline, oils, bitumen, and so on. Oil and gas processing is a complex process that requires a large amount of human, energy and technical resources. In the modern world, there are different types of oil and gas processing equipment: separators, reactors, furnaces, coagulators, distillation columns, etc. Separators are used for the primary separation of the reservoir gas from impurities, which are based on the separation process. The raw material for the separation plants is high-pressure reservoir gas, as well as gas for stabilization and purging of wells that consists of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, reservoir water and organosulfur compounds. These plants are designed to separate high-pressure reservoir gas produced at the production site into gas, gas condensate and associated water. Possible options for upgrading the design of an oil and gas separator for deep oil degassing are being explored. A final stage separator of the NGS-II-6-3000-09G2S type used in oil treatment plants was adopted as a basic model. The disadvantages of the separator design are listed. Design solutions have been developed in order to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The scheme of the modernized design of the oil and gas separator is illustrated. A detailed description of the principle of operation of the proposed design is presented. Calculations have been carried out to improve the efficiency of oil-gas separation.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127772094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-29-36
G. V. Vlasova, T. V. Salnikova, N. A. Pivovarova
Quality of process flows and commercial oil products deteriorates due to developing the deposits, which reduces the efficiency of heat and mass transfer and, accordingly, the clarity of rectification, resulting in changes in the component and fractional composition of the processed raw materials. There has been studied the influence of different chemical reagents introduced at the stages of production, treatment and processing of gas condensate and oil on the change in the physicochemical properties of the resulting dark oil products, which are responsible for deposit formation in the field and plant equipment during further processing or storage. The results of experimental studies are presented. Physicochemical properties of fuel oil are shown to be affected not only by the properties of the hydrocarbon feedstock, but also by the composition and concentration of chemical reagents introduced at different stages of production, field preparation and transportation. In the course of the experiment it has been stated that, depending on the concentration of the reagent and its main active substance, the structure of the oil system changes followed by the kinematic viscosity and pour point of the raw material. It has been found that chemical reagents improving the specified characteristics of oil products are able to worsen others.
{"title":"Participation of chemical reagents in changing physico-chemical properties of fuel oil","authors":"G. V. Vlasova, T. V. Salnikova, N. A. Pivovarova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-29-36","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of process flows and commercial oil products deteriorates due to developing the deposits, which reduces the efficiency of heat and mass transfer and, accordingly, the clarity of rectification, resulting in changes in the component and fractional composition of the processed raw materials. There has been studied the influence of different chemical reagents introduced at the stages of production, treatment and processing of gas condensate and oil on the change in the physicochemical properties of the resulting dark oil products, which are responsible for deposit formation in the field and plant equipment during further processing or storage. The results of experimental studies are presented. Physicochemical properties of fuel oil are shown to be affected not only by the properties of the hydrocarbon feedstock, but also by the composition and concentration of chemical reagents introduced at different stages of production, field preparation and transportation. In the course of the experiment it has been stated that, depending on the concentration of the reagent and its main active substance, the structure of the oil system changes followed by the kinematic viscosity and pour point of the raw material. It has been found that chemical reagents improving the specified characteristics of oil products are able to worsen others.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120837347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the main shortcomings of production control at hazardous production facilities and on practical methods of improving the effectiveness of production control including methods determining the main causes of deviations in the production process from the safety standards, developing measures to eliminate the deviations and ensuring the observance of such measures. The cases of activating the production control at the hazardous industrial facilities have been shown, a new approach to observing the production control has been reasoned, a universal algorithm for implementing production control at hazardous production facilities has been developed. Improving the operating principles of production control can be realized through the introduction of new control tools. One of them is a checklist of patterns of emerging a hazardous production situation, which allows to make a score evaluation of the danger. The main elements for implementing the developed algorithm and checklist into the production process are considered. There are shown the main structural elements of formulating a technical task for writing a program code: setting a project goal, substantiating the project budget, listing the specific works, description of the final product, required result, deadlines, and future maintenance costs.
{"title":"Ways to increase effectiveness of production control","authors":"Ludmila Pavlovna Tretyak, Artem Dmitrievich Tretyak","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-59-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-59-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the main shortcomings of production control at hazardous production facilities and on practical methods of improving the effectiveness of production control including methods determining the main causes of deviations in the production process from the safety standards, developing measures to eliminate the deviations and ensuring the observance of such measures. The cases of activating the production control at the hazardous industrial facilities have been shown, a new approach to observing the production control has been reasoned, a universal algorithm for implementing production control at hazardous production facilities has been developed. Improving the operating principles of production control can be realized through the introduction of new control tools. One of them is a checklist of patterns of emerging a hazardous production situation, which allows to make a score evaluation of the danger. The main elements for implementing the developed algorithm and checklist into the production process are considered. There are shown the main structural elements of formulating a technical task for writing a program code: setting a project goal, substantiating the project budget, listing the specific works, description of the final product, required result, deadlines, and future maintenance costs.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-80-84
Valentina Pavlovna Mendeleva, I. Volkova
The article highlights the problem of saline soils of the Astrakhan region which are contaminated with heavy metals due to oil spills. It has been found that the most promising plants in phytotesting and soil restoration are halophyte communities: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae. Most of the families are typical for the flora of the Astrakhan region. The largest number of halophyte species is found in the Asteraceae family (15.10%). Halophytes are widespread in the Astrakhan region. Species of wormwood (Artemisia L.) are found on the soils with varying salinity. This fact allows to use them in environmental monitoring and to assess the content of heavy metals in saline soils. Accumulation of chromium, iron, copper, cadmium and zinc in the organs of Artemisia species in the Astrakhan region is considered. It has been stated that Artemisia is very important as a group of heavy metal accumulator plants. Artemisia species can be used in phytoremediation of contaminated saline soils, where these metals come with oil products. Besides, the wide distribution, resistance to high temperatures, and high xerophilicity make it possible to consider Artemisia species as objects for biomonitoring for assessing the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals with varying degrees of salinity. Artemisia species are widely represented in the Astrakhan region. A secondary effect of using some types of halophytes is their direct participation in combatting land desertification.
{"title":"Prospects for using wild plants of Astrakhan region in phytotesting and phytoremediation of oil-saline soils","authors":"Valentina Pavlovna Mendeleva, I. Volkova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-80-84","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problem of saline soils of the Astrakhan region which are contaminated with heavy metals due to oil spills. It has been found that the most promising plants in phytotesting and soil restoration are halophyte communities: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae. Most of the families are typical for the flora of the Astrakhan region. The largest number of halophyte species is found in the Asteraceae family (15.10%). Halophytes are widespread in the Astrakhan region. Species of wormwood (Artemisia L.) are found on the soils with varying salinity. This fact allows to use them in environmental monitoring and to assess the content of heavy metals in saline soils. Accumulation of chromium, iron, copper, cadmium and zinc in the organs of Artemisia species in the Astrakhan region is considered. It has been stated that Artemisia is very important as a group of heavy metal accumulator plants. Artemisia species can be used in phytoremediation of contaminated saline soils, where these metals come with oil products. Besides, the wide distribution, resistance to high temperatures, and high xerophilicity make it possible to consider Artemisia species as objects for biomonitoring for assessing the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals with varying degrees of salinity. Artemisia species are widely represented in the Astrakhan region. A secondary effect of using some types of halophytes is their direct participation in combatting land desertification.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-7-14
I. Y. Aleksanyan, A. Nugmanov, Alexei Alexeevich Pokoptsev
The article presents analysis of the jet pump designs and methods of their improving, as well as technical approaches to their calculation, which is associated with a reasonable choice of an efficient variant, depending on the required accuracy of engineering calculations with optimal hardware support of pumping stations for solving specific oil and gas transportation tasks. According to the analysis results it has been inferred that one of the reasons for delay in application of jet pumping stations for lifting the fluid from the borehole space is the shortage of reliable surface-type pumping power stations, in particular, for driving the jet unit, as well as a compact set of equipment for purification and preliminary preparation of working fluid in the Russian Federation. For this reason, such units are mainly used for influencing the bottom-hole area, where the long-term permanent operation of jet pumping stations is not important, the mobile field pumping stations being possible as power plants.
{"title":"Theoretical aspects of principles of analyzing jet pumping stations and methods of their improving","authors":"I. Y. Aleksanyan, A. Nugmanov, Alexei Alexeevich Pokoptsev","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-7-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents analysis of the jet pump designs and methods of their improving, as well as technical approaches to their calculation, which is associated with a reasonable choice of an efficient variant, depending on the required accuracy of engineering calculations with optimal hardware support of pumping stations for solving specific oil and gas transportation tasks. According to the analysis results it has been inferred that one of the reasons for delay in application of jet pumping stations for lifting the fluid from the borehole space is the shortage of reliable surface-type pumping power stations, in particular, for driving the jet unit, as well as a compact set of equipment for purification and preliminary preparation of working fluid in the Russian Federation. For this reason, such units are mainly used for influencing the bottom-hole area, where the long-term permanent operation of jet pumping stations is not important, the mobile field pumping stations being possible as power plants.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-72-79
Aleksandr Sergeevich Solovskoy
The article considers a possibility of improving the methods of controlling the electro-magnetic environment subject to additional parameters. There has been conducted analysis of the Russian and international standards on hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields to reveal the parameters characterizing the interaction between the energy of an electromagnetic field and biological objects. A specific absorbed rate and a specific absorbed energy are quantitative characteristics of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects. The biological effects of electromagnetic radiation on the biological objects are considered. A promising direction for ensuring safety from the effects of electromagnetic radiation is a comprehensive methodology of monitoring and visualizing the electromagnetic environment. To improve the principles of monitoring the electromagnetic environment there have been considered the methods of dosimetry of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range. Theoretical dosimetry methods are based on the use of anatomically realistic computer models of typical biological objects, taking into account the values of electrical properties for different simulated biological tissues in the models. There have been shown the advantages and disadvantages of theoretical dosimetry methods based on computational methods: the finite element method, method of moments, multipolar method, hybrid methods and analytically based methods. Experimental dosimetry consists in direct measurement of the magnitude of the electromagnetic field energy of the emitting object. A modern system of experimental dosimetry of electromagnetic radiation for assessing the dosimetric parameters of the absorbed electromagnetic field energy is presented including measuring probes, a probe positioning system, a testing system, a method for measuring parameters, as well as a control and data processing system. The conducted research makes it possible to identify theoretical and experimental methods of dosimetry that can be used to control the electromagnetic environment, taking into account dosimetric parameters.
{"title":"Development of principles of electromagnetic environment control taking into account dosimetric parameters","authors":"Aleksandr Sergeevich Solovskoy","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-72-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-72-79","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a possibility of improving the methods of controlling the electro-magnetic environment subject to additional parameters. There has been conducted analysis of the Russian and international standards on hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields to reveal the parameters characterizing the interaction between the energy of an electromagnetic field and biological objects. A specific absorbed rate and a specific absorbed energy are quantitative characteristics of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects. The biological effects of electromagnetic radiation on the biological objects are considered. A promising direction for ensuring safety from the effects of electromagnetic radiation is a comprehensive methodology of monitoring and visualizing the electromagnetic environment. To improve the principles of monitoring the electromagnetic environment there have been considered the methods of dosimetry of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range. Theoretical dosimetry methods are based on the use of anatomically realistic computer models of typical biological objects, taking into account the values of electrical properties for different simulated biological tissues in the models. There have been shown the advantages and disadvantages of theoretical dosimetry methods based on computational methods: the finite element method, method of moments, multipolar method, hybrid methods and analytically based methods. Experimental dosimetry consists in direct measurement of the magnitude of the electromagnetic field energy of the emitting object. A modern system of experimental dosimetry of electromagnetic radiation for assessing the dosimetric parameters of the absorbed electromagnetic field energy is presented including measuring probes, a probe positioning system, a testing system, a method for measuring parameters, as well as a control and data processing system. The conducted research makes it possible to identify theoretical and experimental methods of dosimetry that can be used to control the electromagnetic environment, taking into account dosimetric parameters.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133796211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-43-50
Daria Sergeevna Samatoeva, T. S. Vybornova
Oil is the most valuable hydrocarbon resource, but every year the labor intensity and economic expenses for oil production increase. This is related to the fact that most oil fields are classified as hard-to-recover reserves, that is why oil companies turn to studying and implementing the methods increasing oil production. To increase well productivity, there are often used mechanical, chemical, thermal and physical methods, as well as a combination of the above methods. Choosing a method firstly depends on the geological conditions of the deposit and the physicochemical properties of the extracted fluid. But application of the methods of increased oil production does not always lead to a significant increase of the well flow rate. One of the promising, but insufficiently studied methods of increasing oil production is the microbiological impact on the oil formation. The method is based on the ability of bacteria to destroy the reservoir rock, increase porosity and cavernosity, create more channels and increase the filtration area in productive horizons. There is given analysis of the influence of silicate bacteria on the core from the Filanovsky oilfield. This bacterial strain has been chosen because the field rock is to a great extent composed of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals. A significant factor is that silicate bacteria are aerobian, i. e. they do not need free oxygen to maintain vital activity; as a result, they are rather viable in poor conditions. A flow chart is given and the conditions necessary for the introduction of microbiological flooding technology are indicated. There are presented the results of the experiment on using the method of microbiological flooding at the Filanovsky oilfield, changes in the structure of core particles have been revealed indicating active interaction of bacteria with oil.
{"title":"Analysis of potential application of microbiological flooding at Filanovsky oilfield","authors":"Daria Sergeevna Samatoeva, T. S. Vybornova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"Oil is the most valuable hydrocarbon resource, but every year the labor intensity and economic expenses for oil production increase. This is related to the fact that most oil fields are classified as hard-to-recover reserves, that is why oil companies turn to studying and implementing the methods increasing oil production. To increase well productivity, there are often used mechanical, chemical, thermal and physical methods, as well as a combination of the above methods. Choosing a method firstly depends on the geological conditions of the deposit and the physicochemical properties of the extracted fluid. But application of the methods of increased oil production does not always lead to \u0000a significant increase of the well flow rate. One of the promising, but insufficiently studied methods of increasing oil production is the microbiological impact on the oil formation. The method is based on the ability of bacteria to destroy the reservoir rock, increase porosity and cavernosity, create more channels and increase the filtration area in productive horizons. There is given analysis of the influence of silicate bacteria on the core from the Filanovsky oilfield. This bacterial strain has been chosen because the field rock is to a great extent composed of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals. A significant factor is that silicate bacteria are aerobian, i. e. they do not need free oxygen to maintain vital activity; as a result, they are rather viable in poor conditions. A flow chart is given and the conditions necessary for the introduction of microbiological flooding technology are indicated. There are presented the results of the experiment on using the method of microbiological flooding at the Filanovsky oilfield, changes in the structure of core particles have been revealed indicating active interaction of bacteria with oil.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127370364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-22-28
N. A. Pivovarova, E. S. Akishina
Properties of oil and petroleum products largely depend on the fractional and chemical composition, on the quantitative content of different components in them, their qualitative characteristics, as well as on the dispersed composition of the oil system. Examples of oil dispersed systems are given in accordance with their classification. The dispersed phase and its structure are considered on the basis of classical concepts as a complex structural unit consisting of a nuclear and layers surrounding it. The dispersion degree is defined by the forces of intermolecular interaction between the nucleus and layers of a complex structural unit, as well as between the layers. A great contribution to forming and stability of a complex structural unit is made by bonds based on spin-spin and spin-polarized interactions. The diamagnetic components of the system form a dispersion environment. The greater a dispersion, the stronger the molecular kinetic factors become, the more intensive the diffusion processes are, the sedimentation stability increases, and the physico-chemical processes at the phase boundary accelerate. Therefore, dispersion is one of the most important factors of oil dispersed systems that determine their properties (viscosity, flash and solidification temperatures, fractional composition, density). The study of changes in the dispersion of the system under various kinds of influences, determined by the size of the average diameter of the particles of the dispersed phase, makes it possible to identify the most favorable conditions for the implementation of technological processes during transportation, storage, processing, and ensuring environmental safety. The proposed photoelectrocolorimetric method for determining a mean diameter of particles of the dispersed phase of dark and viscous petroleum products differs from the well-known method in that it is carried out without diluting the sample, which could distort its dispersed composition. Besides, the sample optical density is determined in a thin fixed layer of a petroleum product due to a hard insert between the slides. The analysis methodology is described including a description of the device, a sequence of preparation and measurement, as well as processing of the results obtained.
{"title":"Defining dispersion in dark oil medium","authors":"N. A. Pivovarova, E. S. Akishina","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-22-28","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of oil and petroleum products largely depend on the fractional and chemical composition, on the quantitative content of different components in them, their qualitative characteristics, as well as on the dispersed composition of the oil system. Examples of oil dispersed systems are given in accordance with their classification. The dispersed phase and its structure are considered on the basis of classical concepts as a complex structural unit consisting of a nuclear and layers surrounding it. The dispersion degree is defined by the forces of intermolecular interaction between the nucleus and layers of a complex structural unit, as well as between the layers. A great contribution to forming and stability of a complex structural unit is made by bonds based on spin-spin and spin-polarized interactions. The diamagnetic components of the system form a dispersion environment. The greater a dispersion, the stronger the molecular kinetic factors become, the more intensive the diffusion processes are, the sedimentation stability increases, and the physico-chemical processes at the phase boundary accelerate. Therefore, dispersion is one of the most important factors of oil dispersed systems that determine their properties (viscosity, flash and solidification temperatures, fractional composition, density). The study of changes in the dispersion of the system under various kinds of influences, determined by the size of the average diameter of the particles of the dispersed phase, makes it possible to identify the most favorable conditions for the implementation of technological processes during transportation, storage, processing, and ensuring environmental safety. The proposed photoelectrocolorimetric method for determining \u0000a mean diameter of particles of the dispersed phase of dark and viscous petroleum products differs from the well-known method in that it is carried out without diluting the sample, which could distort its dispersed composition. Besides, the sample optical density is determined in a thin fixed layer of a petroleum product due to a hard insert between the slides. The analysis methodology is described including a description of the device, a sequence of preparation and measurement, as well as processing of the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114886760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-37-42
N. Shishkin, Marina A. Marysheva
The design of a gas-driven downhole pumping unit for oil production from directional and horizontal wells has been developed. The unit has no rod string, the slide and pneumatic jack are located in the tubing string. Using these units with a compressed associated gas as a working fluid will allow, unlike the hydraulic pumps, avoiding complex surface equipment for preparing the working fluid, maintenance of which is rather labour-consuming, and increasing the reliable operation of slides and downhole pumping units as a whole. In the course of experimental study of the parameters of the proposed installation it was shown on a laboratory bench showed that the fluid feed increases in direct proportion to the rate from 0.6 to 3.6 m/min. There has been obtained an empirical dependence to determine the flow of a borehole pump depending on its geometric parameters, plunger stroke length, stroke speed and gas content in the produced oil. According to the estimated parameters of the developed gas-driven unit, the supply can reach 386 m3/day, which is comparable to the supply of hydraulic units in use.
{"title":"Gas-driven downhole pumping unit for oil production from directional and horizontal wells","authors":"N. Shishkin, Marina A. Marysheva","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-37-42","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a gas-driven downhole pumping unit for oil production from directional and horizontal wells has been developed. The unit has no rod string, the slide and pneumatic jack are located in the tubing string. Using these units with a compressed associated gas as a working fluid will allow, unlike the hydraulic pumps, avoiding complex surface equipment for preparing the working fluid, maintenance of which is rather labour-consuming, and increasing the reliable operation of slides and downhole pumping units as a whole. In the course of experimental study of the parameters of the proposed installation it was shown on a laboratory bench showed that the fluid feed increases in direct proportion to the rate from 0.6 to 3.6 m/min. There has been obtained an empirical dependence to determine the flow of a borehole pump depending on its geometric parameters, plunger stroke length, stroke speed and gas content in the produced oil. According to the estimated parameters of the developed gas-driven unit, the supply can reach 386 m3/day, which is comparable to the supply of hydraulic units in use.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Associated petroleum gas (APG) is one of the most important raw materials for industrial petrochemistry. APG burning is accompanied by the release of large volumes of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which leads to the environmental degradation, destruction of non-renewable natural resources, and contributes to the development of negative planetary processes that have an extremely negative impact on the global climate. One of the priority tasks in solving the problem of APG utilization is its cooling, which leads to decreasing gas viscosity, reducing wear of equipment, less hydraulic losses, and the greater operation speed and productivity of the pipeline. Air coolers of gas (ACG) are heat exchangers, whose purpose is condensation of liquid and gaseous media, as well as gas cooling. The advantages of using ACG are saving the cooling water and reducing the waste water, as well as decreasing the labor costs for cleaning ACG. There have been considered the types of ACG and their features. In order to optimize and improve the energy efficiency of the associated gas air cooler, a unit was proposed for cleaning the finned surface of the air cooler heat exchange tubes by using hydraulic nozzles with a full spray cone and by spraying the ACG to increase efficiency. The proposed method will make it possible to safely transfer the gas through main pipelines, maintain the correct pressure inside the reservoir during underground injection, and also lead to the least equipment wear.
{"title":"Increasing energy efficiency of air cooler in associated petroleum gas disposal in oilfields","authors":"Tat'yana Sergeevna Silkina, Natalya Fyodorovna Lyamina","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2023-1-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"Associated petroleum gas (APG) is one of the most important raw materials for industrial petrochemistry. APG burning is accompanied by the release of large volumes of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which leads to the environmental degradation, destruction of non-renewable natural resources, and contributes to the development of negative planetary processes that have an extremely negative impact on the global climate. One of the priority tasks in solving the problem of APG utilization is its cooling, which leads to decreasing gas viscosity, reducing wear of equipment, less hydraulic losses, and the greater operation speed and productivity of the pipeline. Air coolers of gas (ACG) are heat exchangers, whose purpose is condensation of liquid and gaseous media, as well as gas cooling. The advantages of using ACG are saving the cooling water and reducing the waste water, as well as decreasing the labor costs for cleaning ACG. There have been considered the types of ACG and their features. In order to optimize and improve the energy efficiency of the associated gas air cooler, a unit was proposed for cleaning the finned surface of the air cooler heat exchange tubes by using hydraulic nozzles with a full spray cone and by spraying the ACG to increase efficiency. The proposed method will make it possible to safely transfer the gas through main pipelines, maintain the correct pressure inside the reservoir during underground injection, and also lead to the least equipment wear.","PeriodicalId":237767,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas technologies and environmental safety","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126532777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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