Jing-Yi Cao, Xiao-Ping Ning, Guang-Wei Zhou, Bai-Ling Li, Fan Qiao, Lin Han, Zhi-Yun Xu, Fang-Lin Lu
Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, and surgery is the primary treatment. There are no precise guidelines on the treatment protocol for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) as a common complication of TOF repair. The timing for treatment in patients presenting with valve regurgitation after TOF repair is often difficult to determine. Here, we report the first case of sequential treatment of pulmonary and TR using interventional therapy.
Case summary: We present the case of a 52-year-old female patient, who had a history of TOF repair at a young age. A few years later, the patient presented with pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation. The symptoms persisted and TR worsened following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. Preoperative testing revealed that the patient's disease had advanced to an intermediate to advanced stage and that her general health was precarious. Because open-heart surgery was not an option for the patient, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement was suggested. This procedure was successful, and the patient recovered fully without any adverse effects. This case report may serve as a useful resource for planning future treatments.
Conclusion: Treatment of both valves should be considered in patients with tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitations following TOF repair. The interventional strategy could be an alternative for patients with poor general health.
{"title":"Pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation after Tetralogy of Fallot repair: A case report.","authors":"Jing-Yi Cao, Xiao-Ping Ning, Guang-Wei Zhou, Bai-Ling Li, Fan Qiao, Lin Han, Zhi-Yun Xu, Fang-Lin Lu","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.642","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, and surgery is the primary treatment. There are no precise guidelines on the treatment protocol for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) as a common complication of TOF repair. The timing for treatment in patients presenting with valve regurgitation after TOF repair is often difficult to determine. Here, we report the first case of sequential treatment of pulmonary and TR using interventional therapy.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We present the case of a 52-year-old female patient, who had a history of TOF repair at a young age. A few years later, the patient presented with pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation. The symptoms persisted and TR worsened following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. Preoperative testing revealed that the patient's disease had advanced to an intermediate to advanced stage and that her general health was precarious. Because open-heart surgery was not an option for the patient, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement was suggested. This procedure was successful, and the patient recovered fully without any adverse effects. This case report may serve as a useful resource for planning future treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment of both valves should be considered in patients with tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitations following TOF repair. The interventional strategy could be an alternative for patients with poor general health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10758604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Li, Mo-Wei Kong, Yu-Yu Xie, Ze-Bi Wang, Li Xu, Guo-Xiang He
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global cardiovascular mortality. Refractory angina pectoris, a manifestation of CAD, requires effective drug treatments. Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves cardiovascular symptoms, while nicorandil alleviates spasms and angina. Both have potential in treating CAD.
Aim: To investigate the therapeutic effects of combining Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil in elderly patients suffering from refractory angina caused by coronary heart disease.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 130 patients diagnosed with refractory coronary heart disease. Based on the different treatment regimens administered during hospitalization, the patients were divided into a control group (58 cases) and a study group (72 cases). The control group received conventional treatment, which included aspirin, statins, and nitrate vasodilators. In addition to the conventional medication, the study group received a combination treatment of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil.
Results: After treatment, the study group showed significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output, and lower brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein levels compared to the control group. The study group also exhibited improvements in angina, quality of life, exercise endurance, and lipid profiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship of lipid levels and heart function with the combined treatment. Some patients in the study group experienced headaches during treatment, but no significant adverse reactions were observed. Follow-up showed that the treatment was well-tolerated, with no drug-related adverse reactions detected.
Conclusion: Combination of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil is more effective than conventional treatment in improving symptoms and heart function in elderly patients with refractory angina pectoris.
背景:冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是全球心血管疾病死亡的主要原因。难治性心绞痛是 CAD 的一种表现形式,需要有效的药物治疗。传统中药陈皮注射液能改善心血管症状,而尼可地尔能缓解痉挛和心绞痛。目的:探讨陈皮注射液和尼可地尔联合治疗冠心病引起的难治性心绞痛老年患者的疗效:方法:对130例确诊为难治性冠心病患者的资料进行回顾性分析。根据住院期间采用的不同治疗方案,将患者分为对照组(58 例)和研究组(72 例)。对照组接受常规治疗,包括阿司匹林、他汀类药物和硝酸酯类血管扩张剂。除常规药物治疗外,研究组还接受了紫苏注射液和尼可地尔的联合治疗:治疗后,研究组的左心室射血分数和心输出量明显高于对照组,脑钠肽和 C 反应蛋白水平也低于对照组。研究组在心绞痛、生活质量、运动耐力和血脂方面也有改善。多变量逻辑回归分析显示,血脂水平和心脏功能与联合治疗有一定关系。研究组的一些患者在治疗过程中出现头痛,但未观察到明显的不良反应。随访显示,治疗耐受性良好,未发现与药物相关的不良反应:结论:在改善难治性心绞痛老年患者的症状和心脏功能方面,三氯紫堇注射液和尼可地尔的联合治疗比常规治疗更有效。
{"title":"Efficacy and prognostic impact of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection combined with nicorandil for intractable angina pectoris in elderly patients: A retrospective study.","authors":"Jun Li, Mo-Wei Kong, Yu-Yu Xie, Ze-Bi Wang, Li Xu, Guo-Xiang He","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.633","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global cardiovascular mortality. Refractory angina pectoris, a manifestation of CAD, requires effective drug treatments. Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves cardiovascular symptoms, while nicorandil alleviates spasms and angina. Both have potential in treating CAD.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic effects of combining Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil in elderly patients suffering from refractory angina caused by coronary heart disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 130 patients diagnosed with refractory coronary heart disease. Based on the different treatment regimens administered during hospitalization, the patients were divided into a control group (58 cases) and a study group (72 cases). The control group received conventional treatment, which included aspirin, statins, and nitrate vasodilators. In addition to the conventional medication, the study group received a combination treatment of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the study group showed significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output, and lower brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein levels compared to the control group. The study group also exhibited improvements in angina, quality of life, exercise endurance, and lipid profiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship of lipid levels and heart function with the combined treatment. Some patients in the study group experienced headaches during treatment, but no significant adverse reactions were observed. Follow-up showed that the treatment was well-tolerated, with no drug-related adverse reactions detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection and nicorandil is more effective than conventional treatment in improving symptoms and heart function in elderly patients with refractory angina pectoris.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10758601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In accordance with the guidelines established by prominent European and global cardiology associations, comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) stands as an officially endorsed and highly recommended therapeutic approach (class I recommendations; level of evidence A) for a diverse spectrum of cardiac patients. Nevertheless, it is a cause for concern to observe that fewer than 50% of eligible patients are being effectively referred for CR, whether in an outpatient or inpatient setting. Concurrently, studies reveal that a substantial proportion of individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease maintain unhealthy lifestyles and exhibit suboptimal management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, lipid levels, and diabetes. Beyond the conventional patient profile encompassing those recovering from acute coronary syndrome with or without percutaneous coronary intervention, as well as patients who have undergone coronary or valvular surgery, contemporary CR now emphasizes specialized subgroups of patients. These include frail elderly patients, the female population with its unique considerations, individuals burdened by multiple cardiovascular comorbidities, those who have developed psychological consequences due to a cardiac illness and particularly those grappling with chronic heart failure. This editorial seeks to offer a state-of-the-art assessment of the significance and role of comprehensive CR within modern cardiology.
{"title":"Quo vadis cardiac rehabilitation; the role of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation in modern cardiology.","authors":"Nenad Lakušić, Ivana Sopek Merkaš","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.627","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In accordance with the guidelines established by prominent European and global cardiology associations, comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) stands as an officially endorsed and highly recommended therapeutic approach (class I recommendations; level of evidence A) for a diverse spectrum of cardiac patients. Nevertheless, it is a cause for concern to observe that fewer than 50% of eligible patients are being effectively referred for CR, whether in an outpatient or inpatient setting. Concurrently, studies reveal that a substantial proportion of individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease maintain unhealthy lifestyles and exhibit suboptimal management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, lipid levels, and diabetes. Beyond the conventional patient profile encompassing those recovering from acute coronary syndrome with or without percutaneous coronary intervention, as well as patients who have undergone coronary or valvular surgery, contemporary CR now emphasizes specialized subgroups of patients. These include frail elderly patients, the female population with its unique considerations, individuals burdened by multiple cardiovascular comorbidities, those who have developed psychological consequences due to a cardiac illness and particularly those grappling with chronic heart failure. This editorial seeks to offer a state-of-the-art assessment of the significance and role of comprehensive CR within modern cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10758603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Isolated single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly. R-I subtype single coronary artery is even rarer. In this subtype, a very large right coronary artery extends in the coronary sulcus to the anterior base of the heart where it produces the left anterior descending coronary artery. Currently, only a few case reports are available in the literature for this anomaly.
Case summary: Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented to the cardiology clinic with decreased exercise tolerance and poor blood pressure control. The patient underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and emission computed tomography (ECT). CAG images revealed a single gigantic right coronary artery (R-I type) arising from the right coronary sinus with branches supplying the left coronary territory. The ECT results confirmed myocardial ischemia at the location of the absent left coronary artery. The ECT findings confirmed that ischemia was consistent with the vascular loss location in CAG images. In such anomalies, there is a compensatory widening of the coronary artery lumen. Medical treatment was administered, and the patient was discharged.
Conclusion: Isolated single coronary arteries are associated with ischemia and potentially fatal acute coronary events. Hence, controlling risk factors is critical.
{"title":"R-I subtype single right coronary artery with congenital absence of left coronary system: A case report.","authors":"Ya-Ping Zhou, Lin-Li Wang, Yuan-Gang Qiu, Shu-Wei Huang","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.649","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly. R-I subtype single coronary artery is even rarer. In this subtype, a very large right coronary artery extends in the coronary sulcus to the anterior base of the heart where it produces the left anterior descending coronary artery. Currently, only a few case reports are available in the literature for this anomaly.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented to the cardiology clinic with decreased exercise tolerance and poor blood pressure control. The patient underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and emission computed tomography (ECT). CAG images revealed a single gigantic right coronary artery (R-I type) arising from the right coronary sinus with branches supplying the left coronary territory. The ECT results confirmed myocardial ischemia at the location of the absent left coronary artery. The ECT findings confirmed that ischemia was consistent with the vascular loss location in CAG images. In such anomalies, there is a compensatory widening of the coronary artery lumen. Medical treatment was administered, and the patient was discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isolated single coronary arteries are associated with ischemia and potentially fatal acute coronary events. Hence, controlling risk factors is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10758600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Spartalis, Eleftherios Spartalis, Gerasimos Siasos
Interventional electrophysiology represents a relatively recent subspecialty within the field of cardiology. In the past half-century, there has been significant advancement in the development and implementation of innovative ablation treatments and approaches. However, the treatment of arrhythmias continues to be inadequate. Several arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, pose significant challenges in terms of therapeutic efficacy, whether through interventional procedures or the administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Cardiologists are engaged in ongoing research to explore innovative methodologies, such as genome editing, with the purpose of effectively managing arrhythmias and meeting the growing needs of patients afflicted with rhythm disturbances. The field of genome editing has significant promise and has the potential to serve as a highly effective personalized therapy for rhythm disorders in patients. However, several ethical issues must be considered.
{"title":"Inherited arrhythmias and gene therapy: Are there any ethical considerations to take into account?","authors":"Michael Spartalis, Eleftherios Spartalis, Gerasimos Siasos","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.623","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interventional electrophysiology represents a relatively recent subspecialty within the field of cardiology. In the past half-century, there has been significant advancement in the development and implementation of innovative ablation treatments and approaches. However, the treatment of arrhythmias continues to be inadequate. Several arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, pose significant challenges in terms of therapeutic efficacy, whether through interventional procedures or the administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Cardiologists are engaged in ongoing research to explore innovative methodologies, such as genome editing, with the purpose of effectively managing arrhythmias and meeting the growing needs of patients afflicted with rhythm disturbances. The field of genome editing has significant promise and has the potential to serve as a highly effective personalized therapy for rhythm disorders in patients. However, several ethical issues must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10758602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Romail Manan, Vincent Kipkorir, Iqra Nawaz, Maryann Wanjiku Waithaka, Bahadar Singh Srichawla, Amelia Maria Găman, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies characterized by an abnormal proliferation of cells of the myeloid lineage. Affected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Myocardial infarction (MI) may be one of the earliest clinical manifestations of MPNs or may be a thrombotic complication that develops during the natural course of the disease. In the present review, we examine the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of MI in MPNs based on the available literature. Moreover, we review potential biomarkers that could mediate the MI-MPNs crosstalk, from classical biochemical tests, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and troponins, to pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and clonal hematopoiesis.
{"title":"Acute myocardial infarction in myeloproliferative neoplasms.","authors":"Muhammad Romail Manan, Vincent Kipkorir, Iqra Nawaz, Maryann Wanjiku Waithaka, Bahadar Singh Srichawla, Amelia Maria Găman, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.571","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies characterized by an abnormal proliferation of cells of the myeloid lineage. Affected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Myocardial infarction (MI) may be one of the earliest clinical manifestations of MPNs or may be a thrombotic complication that develops during the natural course of the disease. In the present review, we examine the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of MI in MPNs based on the available literature. Moreover, we review potential biomarkers that could mediate the MI-MPNs crosstalk, from classical biochemical tests, <i>e.g.</i>, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and troponins, to pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and clonal hematopoiesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Conduction and rhythm abnormalities requiring permanent pacemakers (PPM) are short-term complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and their clinical outcomes remain conflicting. Potential novel predictors of post-TAVR PPM, like QRS duration, QTc prolongation, and supraventricular arrhythmias, have been poorly studied.
Aim: To evaluate the effects of baseline nonspecific interventricular conduction delay and supraventricular arrhythmia on post-TAVR PPM requirement and determine the impact of PPM implantation on clinical outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study that identified patients with TAVR between January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019. The group was dichotomized into those with post-TAVR PPM and those without PPM. Both groups were followed for one year.
Results: Out of the 357 patients that met inclusion criteria, the mean age was 80 years, 188 (52.7%) were male, and 57 (16%) had a PPM implantation. Baseline demographics, valve type, and cardiovascular risk factors were similar except for type II diabetes mellitus (DM), which was more prevalent in the PPM cohort (59.6% vs 40.7%; P = 0.009). The PPM cohort had a significantly higher rate of pre-procedure right bundle branch block, prolonged QRS > 120 ms, prolonged QTc > 470 ms, and supraventricular arrhythmias. There was a consistently significant increase in the odds ratio (OR) of PPM implantation for every 20 ms increase in the QRS duration above 100 ms: QRS 101-120 [OR: 2.44; confidence intervals (CI): 1.14-5.25; P = 0.022], QRS 121-140 (OR: 3.25; CI: 1.32-7.98; P = 0.010), QRS 141-160 (OR: 6.98; CI: 3.10-15.61; P < 0.001). After model adjustment for baseline risk factors, the OR remained significant for type II DM (aOR: 2.16; CI: 1.18-3.94; P = 0.012), QRS > 120 (aOR: 2.18; CI: 1.02-4.66; P = 0.045) and marginally significant for supraventricular arrhythmias (aOR: 1.82; CI: 0.97-3.42; P = 0.062). The PPM cohort had a higher adjusted OR of heart failure (HF) hospitalization (aOR: 2.2; CI: 1.1-4.3; P = 0.022) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) (aOR: 3.9; CI: 1.1-14; P = 0.031) without any difference in mortality (aOR: 1.1; CI: 0.5-2.7; P = 0.796) at one year.
Conclusion: Pre-TAVR type II DM and QRS duration > 120, regardless of the presence of bundle branch blocks, are predictors of post-TAVR PPM. At 1-year post-TAVR, patients with PPM have higher odds of HF hospitalization and MI.
{"title":"Novel predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.","authors":"Somto Nwaedozie, Haibin Zhang, Javad Najjar Mojarrab, Param Sharma, Paul Yeung, Peter Umukoro, Deepa Soodi, Rachel Gabor, Kelley Anderson, Romel Garcia-Montilla","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.582","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conduction and rhythm abnormalities requiring permanent pacemakers (PPM) are short-term complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and their clinical outcomes remain conflicting. Potential novel predictors of post-TAVR PPM, like QRS duration, QTc prolongation, and supraventricular arrhythmias, have been poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effects of baseline nonspecific interventricular conduction delay and supraventricular arrhythmia on post-TAVR PPM requirement and determine the impact of PPM implantation on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study that identified patients with TAVR between January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019. The group was dichotomized into those with post-TAVR PPM and those without PPM. Both groups were followed for one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 357 patients that met inclusion criteria, the mean age was 80 years, 188 (52.7%) were male, and 57 (16%) had a PPM implantation. Baseline demographics, valve type, and cardiovascular risk factors were similar except for type II diabetes mellitus (DM), which was more prevalent in the PPM cohort (59.6% <i>vs</i> 40.7%; <i>P</i> = 0.009). The PPM cohort had a significantly higher rate of pre-procedure right bundle branch block, prolonged QRS > 120 ms, prolonged QTc > 470 ms, and supraventricular arrhythmias. There was a consistently significant increase in the odds ratio (OR) of PPM implantation for every 20 ms increase in the QRS duration above 100 ms: QRS 101-120 [OR: 2.44; confidence intervals (CI): 1.14-5.25; <i>P</i> = 0.022], QRS 121-140 (OR: 3.25; CI: 1.32-7.98; <i>P</i> = 0.010), QRS 141-160 (OR: 6.98; CI: 3.10-15.61; <i>P</i> < 0.001). After model adjustment for baseline risk factors, the OR remained significant for type II DM (aOR: 2.16; CI: 1.18-3.94; <i>P</i> = 0.012), QRS > 120 (aOR: 2.18; CI: 1.02-4.66; <i>P</i> = 0.045) and marginally significant for supraventricular arrhythmias (aOR: 1.82; CI: 0.97-3.42; <i>P</i> = 0.062). The PPM cohort had a higher adjusted OR of heart failure (HF) hospitalization (aOR: 2.2; CI: 1.1-4.3; <i>P</i> = 0.022) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) (aOR: 3.9; CI: 1.1-14; <i>P</i> = 0.031) without any difference in mortality (aOR: 1.1; CI: 0.5-2.7; <i>P</i> = 0.796) at one year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-TAVR type II DM and QRS duration > 120, regardless of the presence of bundle branch blocks, are predictors of post-TAVR PPM. At 1-year post-TAVR, patients with PPM have higher odds of HF hospitalization and MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review delves into the epidemiological connections between IBD and ASCVD, elucidating potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of current IBD treatments on cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the cardiovascular adverse effects of novel small molecule drugs used in moderate-to-severe IBD are investigated, drawing parallels with observations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence supporting these associations. To achieve this, we conducted a meticulous search of PubMed, spanning from inception to August 2023, using a carefully selected set of keywords. The search encompassed topics related to IBD, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as ASCVD, including coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, conduction abnormalities, heart blocks, and premature coronary artery disease. This review encompasses various types of literature, including retrospective and prospective cohort studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and relevant guidelines, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of this critical intersection of inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.
{"title":"Cardiovascular implications of inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review.","authors":"Arshia Bhardwaj, Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Ajit Sood, Gurpreet Singh Wander, Bishav Mohan, Akash Batta","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.553","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review delves into the epidemiological connections between IBD and ASCVD, elucidating potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of current IBD treatments on cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the cardiovascular adverse effects of novel small molecule drugs used in moderate-to-severe IBD are investigated, drawing parallels with observations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence supporting these associations. To achieve this, we conducted a meticulous search of PubMed, spanning from inception to August 2023, using a carefully selected set of keywords. The search encompassed topics related to IBD, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as ASCVD, including coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, conduction abnormalities, heart blocks, and premature coronary artery disease. This review encompasses various types of literature, including retrospective and prospective cohort studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and relevant guidelines, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of this critical intersection of inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Heart failure (HF) causes extracardiac organ congestion, including in the hepatic portal system. Reducing venous congestion is essential for HF treatment, but evaluating venous congestion is sometimes difficult in patients with chronic HF. The portal vein (PV) flow pattern can be influenced by right atrial pressure. Ultrasound images of the PV are quite easy to obtain and are reproducible among sonographers. However, the association between PV pulsatility and the condition of HF remains unclear. We hypothesize that PV pulsatility at discharge reflects the condition of HF.
Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of PV pulsatility as a prognostic marker for hospitalized patients with acute HF.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from April 2016 to January 2017 and April 2018 to April 2019 at Shinko Hospital. We enrolled 56 patients with acute HF, and 17 patients without HF served as controls. PV flow velocity was measured by ultrasonography on admission and at discharge. We calculated the PV pulsatility ratio (PVPR) as the ratio of the difference between the peak and minimum velocity to the peak velocity. The primary endpoint was cardiac death and HF re-hospitalization. The observation period was 1 year from the first hospitalization. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the stratified composite event-free rates, and the log-rank test was used for comparisons between groups.
Results: On admission, the PVPR was significantly higher in patients with acute HF than controls (HF: 0.29 ± 0.20 vs controls: 0.08 ± 0.07, P < 0.01). However, the PVPR was significantly decreased after the improvement in HF (admission: 0.29 ± 0.20 vs discharge: 0.18 ± 0.15, P < 0.01) due to the increase in minimum velocity (admission: 12.6 ± 4.5 vs discharge: 14.6 ± 4.6 cm/s, P = 0.03). To elucidate the association between the PVPR and cardiovascular outcomes, the patients were divided into three groups according to the PVPR tertile at discharge (PVPR-T1: 0 ≤ PVPR ≤ 0.08, PVPR-T2: 0.08 < PVPR ≤ 0.21, PVPR-T3: PVPR > 0.21). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a higher PVPR at discharge had the worst prognosis among the groups.
Conclusion: PVPR at discharge reflects the condition of HF. It is also a novel prognostic marker for hospitalized patients with acute HF.
{"title":"Clinical impact of portal vein pulsatility on the prognosis of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure.","authors":"Naoya Kuwahara, Tomoyuki Honjo, Naohiko Sone, Junichi Imanishi, Kazuhiko Nakayama, Kohei Kamemura, Masanori Iwahashi, Soichiro Ohta, Kenji Kaihotsu","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.599","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) causes extracardiac organ congestion, including in the hepatic portal system. Reducing venous congestion is essential for HF treatment, but evaluating venous congestion is sometimes difficult in patients with chronic HF. The portal vein (PV) flow pattern can be influenced by right atrial pressure. Ultrasound images of the PV are quite easy to obtain and are reproducible among sonographers. However, the association between PV pulsatility and the condition of HF remains unclear. We hypothesize that PV pulsatility at discharge reflects the condition of HF.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the usefulness of PV pulsatility as a prognostic marker for hospitalized patients with acute HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study was conducted from April 2016 to January 2017 and April 2018 to April 2019 at Shinko Hospital. We enrolled 56 patients with acute HF, and 17 patients without HF served as controls. PV flow velocity was measured by ultrasonography on admission and at discharge. We calculated the PV pulsatility ratio (PVPR) as the ratio of the difference between the peak and minimum velocity to the peak velocity. The primary endpoint was cardiac death and HF re-hospitalization. The observation period was 1 year from the first hospitalization. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the stratified composite event-free rates, and the log-rank test was used for comparisons between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On admission, the PVPR was significantly higher in patients with acute HF than controls (HF: 0.29 ± 0.20 <i>vs</i> controls: 0.08 ± 0.07, <i>P</i> < 0.01). However, the PVPR was significantly decreased after the improvement in HF (admission: 0.29 ± 0.20 <i>vs</i> discharge: 0.18 ± 0.15, <i>P</i> < 0.01) due to the increase in minimum velocity (admission: 12.6 ± 4.5 <i>vs</i> discharge: 14.6 ± 4.6 cm/s, <i>P</i> = 0.03). To elucidate the association between the PVPR and cardiovascular outcomes, the patients were divided into three groups according to the PVPR tertile at discharge (PVPR-T1: 0 ≤ PVPR ≤ 0.08, PVPR-T2: 0.08 < PVPR ≤ 0.21, PVPR-T3: PVPR > 0.21). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a higher PVPR at discharge had the worst prognosis among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PVPR at discharge reflects the condition of HF. It is also a novel prognostic marker for hospitalized patients with acute HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mo-Wei Kong, Yi-Jing Li, Jun Li, Zhen-Ying Pei, Yu-Yu Xie, Guo-Xiang He
Background: Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21 syndrome, is commonly associated with congenital heart disease, and can often result in early formation of pulmonary hypertension. The development of pulmonary hypertension can result from factors such as intracardiac and macrovascular shunts, and upper airway obstruction or hypoplasia of lung tissue. Individuals with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease have a significantly lower average life expectancy, with surgical intervention being the most viable treatment option to improve longevity.
Case summary: We report the case of a 13-year-old boy with Down syndrome presenting with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus along with severe pulmonary hypertension. The electrocardiogram shows sinus rhythm and right ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiogram shows an atrial septal defect with interrupted echo in the interatrial septum, measuring 0.813 cm in length. The patient was initially refused to be offered surgical treatment by many hospitals due to the high surgical risk and pulmonary artery resistance. After discussing the patient's diagnosis and treatment options, we ultimately recommended surgical treatment. However, the patient and their family declined this recommendation and chose to be discharged. During the follow-up period of 6 mo, there were no significant improvements or deteriorations in the patient's condition.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this case highlights the challenges faced by individuals with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension. Timely intervention and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for improving prognosis and life expectancy. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding and develop effective interventions for this population.
{"title":"Down syndrome child with multiple heart diseases: A case report.","authors":"Mo-Wei Kong, Yi-Jing Li, Jun Li, Zhen-Ying Pei, Yu-Yu Xie, Guo-Xiang He","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.615","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21 syndrome, is commonly associated with congenital heart disease, and can often result in early formation of pulmonary hypertension. The development of pulmonary hypertension can result from factors such as intracardiac and macrovascular shunts, and upper airway obstruction or hypoplasia of lung tissue. Individuals with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease have a significantly lower average life expectancy, with surgical intervention being the most viable treatment option to improve longevity.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We report the case of a 13-year-old boy with Down syndrome presenting with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus along with severe pulmonary hypertension. The electrocardiogram shows sinus rhythm and right ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiogram shows an atrial septal defect with interrupted echo in the interatrial septum, measuring 0.813 cm in length. The patient was initially refused to be offered surgical treatment by many hospitals due to the high surgical risk and pulmonary artery resistance. After discussing the patient's diagnosis and treatment options, we ultimately recommended surgical treatment. However, the patient and their family declined this recommendation and chose to be discharged. During the follow-up period of 6 mo, there were no significant improvements or deteriorations in the patient's condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this case highlights the challenges faced by individuals with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension. Timely intervention and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for improving prognosis and life expectancy. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding and develop effective interventions for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}