Wound Repair and Regeneration最新文献

Hyperplastic scar (HS) is an overreaction of tissue to skin injury caused by local fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production. Histone posttranslational modification patterns are important epigenetic processes that control various biological activities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of histone lactylation on HS and the underlying mechanism. Western blot was used to analyse the lactylation level in HS patients and fibroblasts (HSFs). In vitro experiments, western blot, cell counting kit-8, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the collagen level, cell viability, and autophagy, respectively. The relationship between snai2 (SLUG) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that the histone lactylation level was upregulated in HS tissues and HSFs. HSFs showed increased collagen production and cell viability, and decreased autophagy. Silencing of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) promoted the transcription of PTEN by inhibiting SLUG, thus promoting autophagy. Knockdown of LDHA inhibited collagen deposition and cell viability, and increased autophagy in HSFs, and the results were reversed after PTEN inhibition. In summary, histone lactylation inhibited the transcription activity of PTEN by promoting SLUG, thereby suppressing autophagy and promoting collagen deposition and cell viability of HSFs, which might provide effective therapeutic strategies in HS.

To evaluate the accuracy of AI chatbots in staging pressure injuries according to the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) Staging through clinical image interpretation, a cross-sectional design was conducted to assess five leading publicly available AI chatbots. As a result, three chatbots were unable to interpret the clinical images, whereas GPT-4 Turbo achieved a high accuracy rate (83.0%) in staging pressure injuries, notably outperforming BingAI Creative mode (24.0%) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). GPT-4 Turbo accurately identified Stages 1 (p < 0.001), 3 (p = 0.001), and 4 (p < 0.001) pressure injuries, and suspected deep tissue injuries (p < 0.001), while BingAI demonstrated significantly lower accuracy across all stages. The findings highlight the potential of AI chatbots, especially GPT-4 Turbo, in accurately diagnosing images and aiding the subsequent management of pressure injuries.

The cornea, positioned at the forefront of the eye, refracts the light for focusing images on the retina. Damage to this transparent structure can lead to various visual disorders. The corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are crucial for transparency and homeostasis, but lack the ability to reproduce. Significant damage results in structure destruction and vision impairment. While extensive research has aimed at the restoring the corneal endothelial layer, including endothelial proliferation for functional monolayers remains challenging. Our previous studies confirmed the proliferative activity of stem cells from apical papilla-conditioned medium (SCAP-CM) on the retinal pigmented epithelium as a single cell layer. This study investigates how SCAP-CM influences the proliferation and migration of CECs. Our results introduced Matrigel, as a new matrix component for in vitro culture of CECs. Moreover, 60% of SCAP-CM was able to stimulate CEC proliferation as well as migrate to repair wound healing during 24 h. Confluent CECs also expressed specific markers, ATP1a1, ZO-1 and CD56, indicative of CEC characteristics, aligning with the recapitulation of differentiation when forming a homogenous monolayer at the same level of isolated CECs without in vitro culture. These findings suggested that SCAP-CM administration could be useful for future preclinical and clinical applications.

The capability to produce suture material using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology may have applications in remote health facilities where rapid restocking of supplies is not an option. This is a feasibility study evaluating the usability of 3D-printed sutures in the repair of a laceration wound when compared with standard suture material. The 3D-printed suture material was manufactured using a fused deposition modelling 3D printer and nylon 3D printing filament. Study participants were tasked with performing laceration repairs on the pigs' feet, first with 3-0 WeGo nylon suture material, followed by the 3D-printed nylon suture material. Twenty-six participants were enrolled in the study. Survey data demonstrated statistical significance with how well the 3D suture material performed with knot tying, 8.9 versus 7.5 (p = 0.0018). Statistical significance was observed in the 3D-printed suture's ultimate tensile strength when compared to the 3-0 Novafil suture (274.8 vs. 199.8 MPa, p = 0.0096). The 3D-printed suture also demonstrated statistical significance in ultimate extension when compared to commercial 3-0 WeGo nylon suture (49% vs. 37%, p = 0.0215). This study was successful in using 3D printing technology to manufacture suture material and provided insight into its usability when compared to standard suture material.

Wound management for acute and chronic wounds has become a serious clinical problem worldwide, placing considerable pressure on public health systems. Owing to the high-precision, adjustable pore structure, and repeatable manufacturing process, 3D-printed electrospun fibre (3DP-ESF) has attracted widespread attention for fabricating wound dressing. In addition, in comparison with 2D electrospun fibre membranes fabricated by traditional electrospinning, the 3D structures provide additional guidance on cell behaviour. In this perspective article, we first summarise the basic manufacturing principles and methods to fabricate 3DP-ESF. Then, we discuss the function of 3DP-ESF in manipulating the different stages of wound healing, including anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, and promotion of cell migration and proliferation, as well as the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds. In the end, we provide the current challenge faced by 3DP-ESF in the application of skin wound regeneration and its promising future directions.

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a worldwide problem that is difficult to address because of the related inflammatory response, local hypoxia, and repeated ischaemia/reperfusion, causing great suffering and financial burden to patients. Traditional Chinese medicine turtle plate powder can treat skin trauma, but its composition is complex and inconvenient to use. Here, we combined cholesterol myristate (S8) with berberine (BBR), with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, as a drug and used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as carriers to construct a novel film-forming polymeric solution (S8 + BBR FFPS), comprehensively study its reparative effect on PU and explore the potential mechanism in rat PU models. The results showed that S8 + BBR FFPS inhibits excessive inflammatory response, promotes re-epithelialization, and promotes hair follicle growth during the healing process of PU, which may be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by S8 + BBR FFPS to mediate hair follicle stem cell proliferation and maintain skin homeostasis. Therefore, S8 + BBR FFPS may be a potential candidate for the treatment of chronic skin injury, and its association with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway may provide new ideas to guide the design of biomaterial-based wound dressings for chronic wound repair.

A wide variety of biomaterials has been developed to assist in wound healing, including acellular animal and human-derived protein matrices. However, millions of patients worldwide still suffer from non-healing chronic wounds, demonstrating a need for further innovation in wound care. To address this need, a novel biomaterial, the human keratin matrix (HKM), was developed, characterised, and tested in vitro and in vivo. HKM was found to be degradation-resistant, and a proteomics analysis showed it to be greater than 99% human keratin proteins. PCR revealed adult human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) grown in contact with HKM showed increased gene expression of keratinocyte activations markers such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Additionally, a cytokine microarray demonstrated culture on HKM increased the release of cytokines involved in wound inflammatory modulation by both HEKa cells and adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Finally, in a murine chronic wound model, full-thickness wounds treated weekly with HKM were smaller through the healing process than those treated with human amniotic membrane (AM), bovine dermis (BD), or porcine decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS). HKM-treated wounds also closed significantly faster than AM- and SIS-treated wounds. These data suggest that HKM is an effective novel treatment for chronic wounds.

Chronic wounds have become the leading cause of death, particularly among diabetic patients. Chronic wounds affect ~6.5 million patients each year, according to statistics, and wound care and management incur significant financial costs. The rising prevalence of chronic wounds, combined with the limitations of current treatments, necessitates the development of new and innovative approaches to accelerate wound healing. Copper has been extensively studied for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Copper in its nanoparticle form could have better biological properties and many applications in health care.

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital defect of the spine characterised by meningeal and spinal cord protrusion through the open vertebral arches. This defect causes progressive prenatal damage of the spinal cord, leading to lifelong handicap. Although mid-trimester surgical repair may reduce part of the handicap, an earlier and less invasive approach would further improve the prognosis, possibly minimising maternal and foetal risks. Several studies have proposed an alternative approach to surgical repair by covering the defect with a patch and protecting the exposed neural tissue. Our study aims to elaborate on a waterproof and biodegradable bioactive patch for MMC prenatal foetal repair. We developed a double-layer patch that can provide a waterproof coverage for the spinal cord, with a bioactive side, conducive to cell proliferation, and an antiadhesive side to avoid its attachment to the medulla.

Cells integrate many mechanical and chemical cues to drive cell signalling responses. Because of the complex nature and interdependency of alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, ligand density, mechanics, and cellular responses it is difficult to tease out individual and combinatorial contributions of these various factors in driving cell behavior in homeostasis and disease. Tuning of material viscous and elastic properties, and ligand densities, in combinatorial fashions would enhance our understanding of how cells process complex signals. For example, it is known that increased ECM mechanics and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor (TGF-β-R) spacing/clustering independently drive TGF-β signalling and associated myofibroblastic differentiation. However, it remains unknown how these inputs orthogonally contribute to cellular outcomes. Here, we describe the development of a novel material platform that combines microgel thin films with controllable viscoelastic properties and DNA origami to probe how viscoelastic properties and nanoscale spacing of TGF-β-Rs contribute to TGF-β signalling and myofibroblastic differentiation. We found that highly viscous materials with non-fixed TGF-β-R spacing promoted increased TGF-β signalling and myofibroblastic differentiation. This is likely due to the ability of cells to better cluster receptors on these surfaces. These results provide insight into the contribution of substrate properties and receptor localisation on downstream signalling. Future studies allow for exploration into other receptor-mediated processes.