Scattering of spin-0 and spin-12 $frac{1}{2}$ particles is formulated in momentum space based on basis states being not expanded in partial waves. No sequential calculations with increasing angular momentum are performed to reach physical convergence, which depends on the scattering energy and the interaction range. Both nonrelativistic and relativistic cases are described. We put forward for consideration the utilization of this approach. By taking some simple interaction models we show some advantages in calculations representing those of high energy scattering as well as those of scattering governed by long range interactions.
{"title":"An approach without partial wave expansion to calculate scattering of spin-0 and spin- 1 2 $frac{1}{2}$ particles in high energy regions and those governed by long range interactions","authors":"Imam Fachruddin, Agus Salam","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0248","url":null,"abstract":"Scattering of spin-0 and spin-<jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mfrac> <m:mrow> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:mfrac> </m:math> <jats:tex-math> $frac{1}{2}$ </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_zna-2023-0248_ineq_002.png\" /> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> particles is formulated in momentum space based on basis states being not expanded in partial waves. No sequential calculations with increasing angular momentum are performed to reach physical convergence, which depends on the scattering energy and the interaction range. Both nonrelativistic and relativistic cases are described. We put forward for consideration the utilization of this approach. By taking some simple interaction models we show some advantages in calculations representing those of high energy scattering as well as those of scattering governed by long range interactions.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil-gas-water three-phase flow is distinguished by its intricate flow pattern. The analysis of experimental observations to reveal the oil-gas-water three phase flow’s dynamic behavior remains a challenging task. In this paper, firstly, a simulation investigation to compare the multivariate pseudo-winger distribution (MPWD) and multivariate synchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is presented. The cross term may be suppressed while maintaining high time-frequency concentration, according to our research on multivariate synchrosqueezing transform. The time-frequency analysis of various vertical oil–gas–water three phase flow patterns is then conducted utilizing MSST. The results from this study reveal that in various frequency bands, slug flow, bubble flow, and churn flow exhibit considerable temporal frequency variances. The MSST can effectively uncover the intrinsic connection between signal fluctuations and flow structure, and promote the understanding of various patterns of flow.
{"title":"Uncovering flow dynamic behaviors underlying oil–gas–water three phase flow using multivariate synchrosqueezing transform","authors":"Lei OuYang, Weikai Ren, Ningde Jin","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0184","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-gas-water three-phase flow is distinguished by its intricate flow pattern. The analysis of experimental observations to reveal the oil-gas-water three phase flow’s dynamic behavior remains a challenging task. In this paper, firstly, a simulation investigation to compare the multivariate pseudo-winger distribution (MPWD) and multivariate synchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is presented. The cross term may be suppressed while maintaining high time-frequency concentration, according to our research on multivariate synchrosqueezing transform. The time-frequency analysis of various vertical oil–gas–water three phase flow patterns is then conducted utilizing MSST. The results from this study reveal that in various frequency bands, slug flow, bubble flow, and churn flow exhibit considerable temporal frequency variances. The MSST can effectively uncover the intrinsic connection between signal fluctuations and flow structure, and promote the understanding of various patterns of flow.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is superior to conventional physical and chemical methods and increasingly becoming the preferred mode of synthesis nowadays. We report a method for phytosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their characterization for plausible diverse applications. ZnO NPs was synthesized using an extract of the leaves of Tagetes erecta L. (marigold), with optimum synthesis at a ratio of 1:150 for the leaf extract and salt solution (v/v), 150 mM zinc acetate at 85 °C and pH 6. The NPs were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, FESEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, AFM, XPS, and ζ potential techniques. The band gap energy of the NPs was 3.44 eV. The IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of different phenolic and aromatic components of the plant extract as capping agents. The mean size of the NPs was ∼25 nm, using XRD and AFM techniques. The SEM image showed that the NPs were elongate with a rough surface. The EDX profile confirmed the purity of the preparation. UV–vis spectrophotometry and ζ potential data showed the NPs to be stable. SDS-PAGE of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to 200 and 400 μg/mL NPs showed that expression levels of a few proteins were affected. The effect of the NPs on some microbes analyzed using agar well diffusion assay showed its antimicrobial potency indicating its potential use as an antimicrobial agent, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.
{"title":"Single-step synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using a phytosynthesis route and its characterization","authors":"Ankita Nandi, Himanshu Sachin Giram, Vishnu Pratap Patel, Ritam Mehera, Satadruta Das, Deokrishna Kumar Choudhary, Abdur Rahman, Dipanjan Saha, Paramesh Chandra, Man Singh, Naznin Ara Begum, Swapan Kumar Mandal, Chandan Kumar Jana, Nilanjana Das","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0255","url":null,"abstract":"Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is superior to conventional physical and chemical methods and increasingly becoming the preferred mode of synthesis nowadays. We report a method for phytosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their characterization for plausible diverse applications. ZnO NPs was synthesized using an extract of the leaves of <jats:italic>Tagetes erecta</jats:italic> L. (marigold), with optimum synthesis at a ratio of 1:150 for the leaf extract and salt solution (v/v), 150 mM zinc acetate at 85 °C and pH 6. The NPs were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, FESEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, AFM, XPS, and ζ potential techniques. The band gap energy of the NPs was 3.44 eV. The IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of different phenolic and aromatic components of the plant extract as capping agents. The mean size of the NPs was ∼25 nm, using XRD and AFM techniques. The SEM image showed that the NPs were elongate with a rough surface. The EDX profile confirmed the purity of the preparation. UV–vis spectrophotometry and ζ potential data showed the NPs to be stable. SDS-PAGE of <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</jats:italic> cells exposed to 200 and 400 μg/mL NPs showed that expression levels of a few proteins were affected. The effect of the NPs on some microbes analyzed using agar well diffusion assay showed its antimicrobial potency indicating its potential use as an antimicrobial agent, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, two different general eigenvalue problems for nanobeams made of functionally graded material with pores in their sections according to Rayleigh beam theory using modified couple stress theory are established. Fourier sine series and Stokes transformation are used for the solution. First, the partial differential equation of motion of the problem is discretized into an ordinary differential equation. Then, the Fourier sine series of infinite series is substituted into this ordinary differential equation to determine the Fourier coefficient. Using the force boundary conditions of the system, Stokes’ transformation is performed at both ends to include elastic spring parameters. The unknown displacement terms are discretized to form two eigenvalue problems. By solving these eigenvalue problems, vibration frequencies for different boundary conditions can be found analytically. The variations of some parameters are discussed in a series of graphs.
{"title":"Porosity effects on the dynamic response of arbitrary restrained FG nanobeam based on the MCST","authors":"Büşra Uzun, Mustafa Özgür Yaylı","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0261","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two different general eigenvalue problems for nanobeams made of functionally graded material with pores in their sections according to Rayleigh beam theory using modified couple stress theory are established. Fourier sine series and Stokes transformation are used for the solution. First, the partial differential equation of motion of the problem is discretized into an ordinary differential equation. Then, the Fourier sine series of infinite series is substituted into this ordinary differential equation to determine the Fourier coefficient. Using the force boundary conditions of the system, Stokes’ transformation is performed at both ends to include elastic spring parameters. The unknown displacement terms are discretized to form two eigenvalue problems. By solving these eigenvalue problems, vibration frequencies for different boundary conditions can be found analytically. The variations of some parameters are discussed in a series of graphs.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Ahsan Shahzad, Muhammad Bilal, Aman ur-Rehman
Unstable states of different charged species in the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere are governed with the collective and collisional processes. For these dilute plasmas, the contribution of microinstabilities driven by the anisotropic particle distribution and heat flux becomes important in defining the stable/equilibrium states of electrons and ions/protons. The present paper highlights the key role of proton firehose instability to regulate an unchecked rise in the temperature anisotropy in these solar wind and magnetospheric environments. Right-handed circularly polarized proton firehose mode becomes unstable when the temperature condition of T‖p > T⊥p is satisfied, where the directional subscripts denote directions with respect to the ambient magnetic field. Based on the observations of magnetospheric multi-scale (MMS) space mission, we assume the bi-Maxwellian nature of the model distribution for the multi-component proton plasma. To study the time evolution of the unstable mode, we further allow the time variation in the cold and hot proton temperatures. For the choice of the initial conditions related with observations, we unveil the wave properties (growth and unstable wave number domain) corresponding to the cold/hot proton temperature anisotropy and the plasma betas of constituents proton components. In the back action of proton firehose instability, we highlight the time-scale modifications and saturation of initial bi-Maxwellian distributions and resulting wave-energy densities for various choices of initial cold-hot temperature anisotropy and plasma betas.
{"title":"Excitation of proton firehose instability in magnetospheric cold and hot proton plasma: a quasilinear approach","authors":"Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Ahsan Shahzad, Muhammad Bilal, Aman ur-Rehman","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Unstable states of different charged species in the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere are governed with the collective and collisional processes. For these dilute plasmas, the contribution of microinstabilities driven by the anisotropic particle distribution and heat flux becomes important in defining the stable/equilibrium states of electrons and ions/protons. The present paper highlights the key role of proton firehose instability to regulate an unchecked rise in the temperature anisotropy in these solar wind and magnetospheric environments. Right-handed circularly polarized proton firehose mode becomes unstable when the temperature condition of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>‖<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> </jats:sub> > <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>⊥<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> </jats:sub> is satisfied, where the directional subscripts denote directions with respect to the ambient magnetic field. Based on the observations of magnetospheric multi-scale (MMS) space mission, we assume the bi-Maxwellian nature of the model distribution for the multi-component proton plasma. To study the time evolution of the unstable mode, we further allow the time variation in the cold and hot proton temperatures. For the choice of the initial conditions related with observations, we unveil the wave properties (growth and unstable wave number domain) corresponding to the cold/hot proton temperature anisotropy and the plasma betas of constituents proton components. In the back action of proton firehose instability, we highlight the time-scale modifications and saturation of initial bi-Maxwellian distributions and resulting wave-energy densities for various choices of initial cold-hot temperature anisotropy and plasma betas.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nico Reichert, Henrik Schlüter, Tjark Heitmann, Johannes Richter, Roman Rausch, Jürgen Schnack
Materials that are susceptible to pressure and external magnetic fields allow the combined use of both for caloric processes. Here we report investigations of the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic sawtooth chain that due to its critical behavior not only allows for both barocaloric as well as magnetocaloric processes but also features very large cooling rates in the vicinity of the quantum critical point.
{"title":"Magneto- and barocaloric properties of the ferro-antiferromagnetic sawtooth chain","authors":"Nico Reichert, Henrik Schlüter, Tjark Heitmann, Johannes Richter, Roman Rausch, Jürgen Schnack","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0267","url":null,"abstract":"Materials that are susceptible to pressure and external magnetic fields allow the combined use of both for caloric processes. Here we report investigations of the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic sawtooth chain that due to its critical behavior not only allows for both barocaloric as well as magnetocaloric processes but also features very large cooling rates in the vicinity of the quantum critical point.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abd El-Hakeem E. H. Abd El-Naby, Heba A. Elrayes, Ahmed M. K. Tarabia, Ahmed S. Elgazzar
The maximally entangled (ME) Eisert–Wilkens–Lewenstein (EWL) quantization scheme efficiently solves the classical prisoner’s dilemma (PD). Despite the intensive research on the EWL scheme, little is known about the role of the arbiter in controlling the scheme properties. We redefine the EWL scheme by introducing an arbitrary phase shift into the ME initial state. Four basic initial states were analyzed in this study. It is found that the arbiter completely controls the characteristics of the arbitrary ME quantum PD. The arbiter can adjust the ME initial state to obtain an efficient symmetric Nash equilibrium. In contrast, the arbiter can nullify the quantization advantages. Moreover, it can preserve/violate the symmetry of the game or even turn it into a potential game.
{"title":"Arbitrary maximally entangled quantum prisoner’s dilemma","authors":"Abd El-Hakeem E. H. Abd El-Naby, Heba A. Elrayes, Ahmed M. K. Tarabia, Ahmed S. Elgazzar","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0242","url":null,"abstract":"The maximally entangled (ME) Eisert–Wilkens–Lewenstein (EWL) quantization scheme efficiently solves the classical prisoner’s dilemma (PD). Despite the intensive research on the EWL scheme, little is known about the role of the arbiter in controlling the scheme properties. We redefine the EWL scheme by introducing an arbitrary phase shift into the ME initial state. Four basic initial states were analyzed in this study. It is found that the arbiter completely controls the characteristics of the arbitrary ME quantum PD. The arbiter can adjust the ME initial state to obtain an efficient symmetric Nash equilibrium. In contrast, the arbiter can nullify the quantization advantages. Moreover, it can preserve/violate the symmetry of the game or even turn it into a potential game.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of CuAl2O4 (CuAl) on four types of spinel ferrites: CoFe2O4 (CoF), NiFe2O4 (NiF), MgFe2O4 (MgF), and ZnFe2O4 (ZnF) with regards to their electrical characteristics and microscopic magnetic behavior. According to the Seebeck coefficient (φ), the nanocomposites have a mixture of positive and negative charge carriers, except for CoF/CuAl, which has a positive charge carrier only. Depending on the temperature, the DC conductivity of all MF/CuAl nanocomposites has a conductor and semiconductor behavior. The dielectric properties were studied at different frequencies (100–10^8 Hz) and temperatures (300–673 K). The results demonstrated how temperature and frequency affect AC operating mechanisms. The high values of dielectric loss for all nanocomposites confirm their applicability in high-frequency microwave devices. The impedance study revealed that the equivalent circuit for all MF/CuAl nanocomposites is a mixture of R, L, and C. Temperature-magnetization graphs were obtained for all nanocomposites, indicating ferrimagnetic behavior except ZnF/CuAl. The magnetic transition temperature (TCm), the Curie–Weiss constant (θCW), and the effective magnetic moments (μeff) for all nanocomposites were determined. The MF/CuAl samples were analyzed using ESR spectroscopy at room temperature. The spectra were distorted but remained distinct, potent, and sweeping. The g-factor values deviate from the free electron, which suggests that the Fe3+–O–Fe3+ superexchange interaction has changed. In addition, the interaction effect between MF and CuAl is discussed.
{"title":"Electrical and magnetic properties of MF/CuAl nanocomposites","authors":"Khaled Roumaih","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0183","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of CuAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (CuAl) on four types of spinel ferrites: CoFe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (CoF), NiFe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (NiF), MgFe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (MgF), and ZnFe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (ZnF) with regards to their electrical characteristics and microscopic magnetic behavior. According to the Seebeck coefficient (<jats:italic>φ</jats:italic>), the nanocomposites have a mixture of positive and negative charge carriers, except for CoF/CuAl, which has a positive charge carrier only. Depending on the temperature, the <jats:italic>DC</jats:italic> conductivity of all MF/CuAl nanocomposites has a conductor and semiconductor behavior. The dielectric properties were studied at different frequencies (100–10^8 Hz) and temperatures (300–673 K). The results demonstrated how temperature and frequency affect <jats:italic>AC</jats:italic> operating mechanisms. The high values of dielectric loss for all nanocomposites confirm their applicability in high-frequency microwave devices. The impedance study revealed that the equivalent circuit for all MF/CuAl nanocomposites is a mixture of R, L, and C. Temperature-magnetization graphs were obtained for all nanocomposites, indicating ferrimagnetic behavior except ZnF/CuAl. The magnetic transition temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>Cm</jats:sub>), the Curie–Weiss constant (<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>CW</jats:sub>), and the effective magnetic moments (<jats:italic>μ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>eff</jats:sub>) for all nanocomposites were determined. The MF/CuAl samples were analyzed using ESR spectroscopy at room temperature. The spectra were distorted but remained distinct, potent, and sweeping. The <jats:italic>g</jats:italic>-factor values deviate from the free electron, which suggests that the Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>–O–Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> superexchange interaction has changed. In addition, the interaction effect between MF and CuAl is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Walied Sabra, Ali Hajjiah, Hussein A. Elsayed, Ahmed Mehaney, Ghassan Ahmed Ali, Yahya Ali Abdelrahman Ali, Wael S. Mohamed, Ashour M. Ahmed
In this paper, a comparison between different configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors has been theoretically conducted to improve the performance of the designed biosensor. The proposed biosensor configurations contain zirconium nitride (ZrN) as an alternative plasmonic material, which comprises different perovskite materials (KNbO3, LiTaO3, LiNbO3, SrTiO3, and BaTiO3) in the visible region. Depending on the study calculations, the reflection spectra of the suggested designs were studied under the angular interrogation mode based on Fresnel coefficients for the transverse magnetic polarized light. The numerical findings demonstrated that the SPR biosensor, which has the configuration of [Prism/BaTiO3/ZrN/BaTiO3/Biosensing medium], represents the best biosensor due to its higher sensitivity and minimum reflectivity values. Meanwhile, sensitivity could receive 179.58 (deg/RIU). Therefore, it is believed that the proposed SPR biosensor designs could be promising through wide-ranging applications, specifically in biomedical, chemical, and environmental protection.
{"title":"Multilayer designs comprising zirconium nitride and perovskites as a novel angular plasmonic biomedical sensor","authors":"Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Walied Sabra, Ali Hajjiah, Hussein A. Elsayed, Ahmed Mehaney, Ghassan Ahmed Ali, Yahya Ali Abdelrahman Ali, Wael S. Mohamed, Ashour M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0210","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a comparison between different configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors has been theoretically conducted to improve the performance of the designed biosensor. The proposed biosensor configurations contain zirconium nitride (ZrN) as an alternative plasmonic material, which comprises different perovskite materials (KNbO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, LiTaO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, LiNbO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, SrTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, and BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) in the visible region. Depending on the study calculations, the reflection spectra of the suggested designs were studied under the angular interrogation mode based on Fresnel coefficients for the transverse magnetic polarized light. The numerical findings demonstrated that the SPR biosensor, which has the configuration of [Prism/BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/ZrN/BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/Biosensing medium], represents the best biosensor due to its higher sensitivity and minimum reflectivity values. Meanwhile, sensitivity could receive 179.58 (deg/RIU). Therefore, it is believed that the proposed SPR biosensor designs could be promising through wide-ranging applications, specifically in biomedical, chemical, and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study intended to enhance the visible light activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by doping it with carbon, thereby reducing its effective band gap. Carbon-doped TiO2 nanofibers were synthesized using a simple electrospinning process. The prepared samples were then characterized to investigate their properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the rutile phase of TiO2 in the nanofibers. The XRD pattern exhibited maximum peak intensity at the highest temperature used during synthesis, indicating that the temperature influenced the crystalline structure of the nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to examine the morphology of the nanofibers. The results revealed that as temperature increased, the diameter of the nanofibers decreased. The XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) results indicate the atomic composition of carbon-doped TiO2 nanofibers. UV–vis spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the optical properties of the carbon-doped TiO2 nanofibers. The results demonstrated a shift of the optical band towards the visible region. Moreover, the carbon doping reduced the effective band gap, resulting in improved visible light activity of the TiO2 material. These results have significant implications for potential applications of carbon-doped TiO2 nanofibers in various fields, such as photocatalysis and solar energy conversion.
{"title":"Tailoring of optical band gap in carbon-doped TiO2 nanofibers","authors":"Javeria Arshad, Muqarrab Ahmed, Nadia Anwar, Shaheen Irfan, Nazia Iram, Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan, Rabia Khalid, Bushra Anwar, Fouzia Anwar","doi":"10.1515/zna-2023-0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0227","url":null,"abstract":"The study intended to enhance the visible light activity of titanium dioxide (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) by doping it with carbon, thereby reducing its effective band gap. Carbon-doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanofibers were synthesized using a simple electrospinning process. The prepared samples were then characterized to investigate their properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the rutile phase of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in the nanofibers. The XRD pattern exhibited maximum peak intensity at the highest temperature used during synthesis, indicating that the temperature influenced the crystalline structure of the nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to examine the morphology of the nanofibers. The results revealed that as temperature increased, the diameter of the nanofibers decreased. The XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) results indicate the atomic composition of carbon-doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanofibers. UV–vis spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the optical properties of the carbon-doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanofibers. The results demonstrated a shift of the optical band towards the visible region. Moreover, the carbon doping reduced the effective band gap, resulting in improved visible light activity of the TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> material. These results have significant implications for potential applications of carbon-doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanofibers in various fields, such as photocatalysis and solar energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":23871,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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