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Frontmatter
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-frontmatter1-2
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引用次数: 0
The application of essential oils as a next-generation of pesticides: recent developments and future perspectives 精油作为新一代杀虫剂的应用:最新发展和未来展望
Pub Date : 2019-11-30 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0160
R. Fierăscu, Ioana Catalina Fierascu, C. Dinu-Pîrvu, I. Fierăscu, A. Păunescu
Abstract The overuse of synthetic pesticide, a consequence of the rush to increase crop production, led to tremendous adverse effects, as they constitute a major pollutant for both soils and water, with a high toxicity towards humans and animals and, at the same time, led to development of pest resistance. In the last period, the researches were directed towards finding new solutions with a lower toxicity, less damaging behaviour towards the environment, and a better specificity of action. In this context, the use of essential oils, a complex and unique mixture of compounds, can be considered for the next-generation pesticides. This review aims to present the main applications of the essential oils as insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, and nematicides, as they emerged from the scientific literature published in the last 5 years (2015 to present). From the identified articles within the time period, only those dealing with essential oils obtained by the authors (not commercially available) were selected to be inserted in the review, characterized using established analytical techniques and employed for the envisaged applications. The review is concluded with a chapter containing the main conclusions of the literature study and the future perspectives, regarding the application of essential oils as next-generation pesticides.
为了提高农作物产量,过度使用合成农药造成了巨大的不利影响,因为合成农药是土壤和水的主要污染物,对人类和动物具有很高的毒性,同时导致害虫产生抗药性。在过去的一段时间里,研究的方向是寻找毒性更低、对环境破坏更小、作用特异性更好的新解决方案。在这种情况下,可以考虑使用精油这种复杂而独特的化合物混合物作为下一代农药。本综述旨在介绍近5年来(2015年至今)发表的科学文献中,这些精油作为杀虫剂、除草剂、杀螨剂和杀线虫剂的主要应用。从时间范围内确定的文章中,只有那些涉及作者获得的精油(非市售)的文章被选择插入到综述中,使用既定的分析技术进行表征,并用于设想的应用。最后一章是综述的最后一章,其中包括文献研究的主要结论和未来的展望,关于精油作为下一代农药的应用。
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引用次数: 41
Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory resorcinol and alkylbenzoquinone derivatives from the leaves of Ardisia sieboldii 三叶草叶间苯二酚和烷基苯醌衍生物的细胞毒性和抗炎作用
Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0114
M. Shahinozzaman, T. Ishii, M. Halim, M. Hossain, M. Islam, S. Tawata
Abstract Medicinal plants belonging to the genus Ardisia are traditionally used to cure various human diseases including inflammation and cancer. This study aimed to purify and characterize cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory compounds from Ardisia sieboldii leaves. Bioassay-guided chromatographic analyses yielded three compounds, 2-methyl-5-(8Z-heptadecenyl) resorcinol (1), 5-(8Z-heptadecenyl) resorcinol (2), and ardisiaquinone A (3), whereas liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry chemical profiling revealed the presence of diverse resorcinol and alkylbenzoquinone derivatives in cytotoxic 70% methanol extracts. Chemical structures of 1–3 were confirmed by spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C NMR, and electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 were purified from A. sieboldii for the first time, and all three compounds showed cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines and brine shrimps in a dose-response manner. Among them, compound 2 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity on cancer cells (IC50 values of 8.8–25.7 μM) as well as on brine shrimps (IC50 value of 5.1 μM). Compounds 1–3 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting protein denaturation (IC50 values of 5.8–9.6 μM), cyclooxygenase-2 activity (IC50 values of 34.5–60.1 μM), and nitrite formation in RAW 264.7 cells. Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of 1–3 demonstrated in this study deserve further investigation for considering their suitability as candidates or leads to develop anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs.
紫荆属药用植物传统上用于治疗各种人类疾病,包括炎症和癌症。本研究旨在对三叶草叶中细胞毒和抗炎化合物进行纯化和鉴定。生物测定引导色谱分析得到3种化合物,2-甲基-5-(8z -十六烷基)间苯二酚(1),5-(8z -十七烷基)间苯二酚(2)和ardisiaquinone A(3),而液相色谱-电喷雾电离-质谱化学分析显示,在细胞毒性70%甲醇提取物中存在多种间苯二酚和烷基苯醌衍生物。其中1-3的化学结构通过1H NMR(核磁共振)、13C NMR和电喷雾电离质谱等波谱方法得到证实。化合物1和2均为首次从三叶草中分离得到,3个化合物对肿瘤细胞系和卤虾均表现出剂量效应。其中化合物2对癌细胞的IC50值最高(8.8 ~ 25.7 μM),对卤虾的IC50值最高(5.1 μM)。化合物1 ~ 3通过抑制RAW 264.7细胞中蛋白质变性(IC50值为5.8 ~ 9.6 μM)、环氧合酶-2活性(IC50值为34.5 ~ 60.1 μM)和亚硝酸盐形成而具有抗炎作用。本研究中显示的1-3的细胞毒性和抗炎活性值得进一步研究,以考虑其作为候选药物或开发抗癌和抗炎药物的适用性。
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引用次数: 11
The Hordeum bulbosum 25S-18S rDNA region: comparison with Hordeum vulgare and other Triticeae 球球Hordeum 25S-18S rDNA区:与普通Hordeum及其他小麦科的比较
Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0109
O. Georgiev, K. Mishev, M. Krasnikova, M. Kitanova, A. Dimitrova, L. Karagyozov
Abstract Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum bulbosum are two closely related barley species, which share a common H genome. H. vulgare has two nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), while the NOR of H. bulbosum is only one. We sequenced the 2.5 kb 25S-18S region in the rDNA of H. bulbosum and compared it to the same region in H. vulgare as well as to the other Triticeae. The region includes an intergenic spacer (IGS) with a number of subrepeats, a promoter, and an external transcribed spacer (5′ETS). The IGS of H. bulbosum downstream of 25S rRNA contains two 143-bp repeats and six 128-bp repeats. In contrast, the IGS in H. vulgare contains an array of seven 79-bp repeats and a varying number of 135-bp repeats. The 135-bp repeats in H. vulgare and the 128-bp repeats in H. bulbosum show similarity. Compared to H. vulgare, the 5′ETS of H. bulbosum is shorter. Additionally, the 5′ETS regions in H. bulbosum and H. vulgare diverged faster than in other Triticeae genera. Alignment of the Triticeae promoter sequences suggests that in Hordeum, as in diploid Triticum, transcription starts with guanine and not with adenine as it is in many other plants.
摘要大麦Hordeum vulgare和大麦Hordeum bulbosum是两个亲缘关系较近的大麦品种,它们具有共同的H基因组。黄茎有两个核仁组织区,而黄茎只有一个核仁组织区。我们对球芽草rDNA中2.5 kb的25S-18S区域进行了测序,并将其与普通小麦和其他小麦科植物的相同区域进行了比较。该区域包括一个带有多个亚重复序列的基因间间隔段(IGS)、一个启动子和一个外部转录间隔段(5'ETS)。球芽草25S rRNA下游的IGS包含2个143-bp重复序列和6个128-bp重复序列。相比之下,H. vulgare的IGS包含7个79-bp的重复序列和不同数量的135-bp重复序列。黄貂草的135-bp重复序列与黄貂草的128-bp重复序列具有相似性。与普通黄茎相比,黄茎黄茎的5′ets较短。此外,小麦和普通小麦的5′ets区分化速度快于其他小麦属。小麦启动子序列的比对表明,在Hordeum中,与二倍体小麦一样,转录从鸟嘌呤开始,而不是像在许多其他植物中那样从腺嘌呤开始。
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引用次数: 1
Isolation and characterization of antiplasmodial constituents from the marine sponge Coscinoderma sp. 海绵体Coscinoderma sp.抗疟原虫成分的分离与鉴定。
Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0039
Huijeong Jeong, A. Latif, C. Kong, Y. Seo, Yeon-Ju Lee, S. Dalal, M. Cassera, D. Kingston
Abstract Six known compounds, namely two halisulfates 1 and 2 and four epidioxy sterols 3–6, were isolated from the marine sponge Coscinoderma sp. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy, and their antiplasmodial activities were determined against the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The epidioxy steroids 3–6 all showed moderate to weak antiplasmodial activity, with IC50 values of 2.7 μM for (24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6-en-3β-ol (3), 11.6 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxycholesta-6,24(28)-dien-3β-o1 (4), 2.33 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6,9(11)-24(28)-trien-3β-ol (5), and between 12 and 24 μM for 5α,8α-epidioxycholesta-6-en-3β-ol (6). In contrast, halisulfate 2 (1) was inactive, and halisulfate 1 (2) had an of IC50 value of about 24 μM.
摘要从海绵Coscinoderma sp.中分离得到6个已知化合物,即2个盐酸盐1和2个和4个附睾甾醇3 ~ 6个,通过核磁共振(1H和13C NMR)鉴定了这些化合物的结构,并测定了它们对耐氯喹的恶性疟原虫Dd2菌株的抗疟原虫活性。epidioxy类固醇3 - 6所有显示中度到弱antiplasmodial活动,IC50值为2.7μM(24) 5α,α8 -epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6-en-3βol(3), 11.6μM 5α,α8 -epidioxycholesta-6, 24 (28) -dien-3βo1群(4),2.33μM 5α,α8 -epidioxy-24-methylcholesta-6, 9 (11) -24 (28) -trien-3βol(5),和12到24μM 5α,α8 -epidioxycholesta-6-en-3βol(6)。相比之下,halisulfate 2(1)是不活跃的,halisulfate 1(2)有一个24的IC50值μM。
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引用次数: 3
Fisetin effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells 非瑟酮对胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响
Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0098
F. Pak, Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan
Abstract This research investigated the antiproliferative effects of 1–500 μM fisetin in T98G and BEAS-2B cells by MTT assay. The IC50 of fisetin in T98G cells for 24 and 48 h were 93 and 75 μM, respectively. Apoptotic alterations of fisetin-treated T98G cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. BEAS-2B was then used in comparison to T98G cells to determine the cytotoxic effects of fisetin. The IC50 of fisetin for 24 and 48 h were recorded as 270 and 90 μM in BEAS-2B cells, respectively. Different concentrations of fisetin were selected to determine the apoptotic and necrotic effects. Consequently, fisetin was determined to have more apoptotic effects in T98G than BEAS-2B cells, dose- and time-dependently. Moreover, fisetin was found to have cytotoxicity at lower doses in T98G cells compared to carmustine, as positive control. CASPASE 3, CASPASE 9, CASPASE 8, and BAX expressions were increased by the selected fisetin doses of 25 and 50 μM, while that of BCL-2 and survivin was reduced in T98G cells. These results will serve as an essential basis of future in vitro and in vivo studies, in the continuous search for alternative treatment agents for gliomas.
摘要采用MTT法研究1-500 μM非瑟酮对T98G和BEAS-2B细胞的抗增殖作用。非瑟酮对T98G细胞作用24和48 h的IC50分别为93和75 μM。透射电镜观察非司汀对T98G细胞凋亡的影响。然后将BEAS-2B与T98G细胞进行比较,以确定非赛特酮的细胞毒性作用。非瑟酮作用于BEAS-2B细胞24 h和48 h的IC50分别为270 μM和90 μM。选择不同浓度的非瑟酮,观察其对细胞凋亡和坏死的影响。因此,非西汀对T98G细胞的凋亡作用强于BEAS-2B细胞,且具有剂量和时间依赖性。此外,与阳性对照卡莫司汀相比,在T98G细胞中发现非瑟汀在较低剂量下具有细胞毒性。25 μM和50 μM非瑟酮可提高T98G细胞中CASPASE 3、CASPASE 9、CASPASE 8和BAX的表达,降低BCL-2和survivin的表达。这些结果将作为未来在体外和体内研究的重要基础,在不断寻找替代治疗胶质瘤的药物。
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引用次数: 6
A new ursane-type triterpene oxoglucopyranoside from Crossopteryx febrifuga 一种新的熊型三萜氧葡萄糖吡喃苷
Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0113
Modjinan Kayangar, Raymond Ngansop Nono, J. Kühlborn, R. Tchuenguem, B. Ponou, K. Jenett‐Siems, R. Teponno, J. Dzoyem, T. Opatz, M. Melzig, L. Tapondjou
Abstract A new saponin, 3-O-β-d-3-oxo-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga together with the known 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), shanzhiside methyl ester (3), shanzhiside (4), β-sitosterol (5), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (7), hederagenin (8), and oleanolic acid (9). The structures were established by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data 1D- (1H and 13C), 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC), spectroscopic, and electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The isolated compounds and extracts were screened for their antibacterial properties. Although the EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 32 μg/mL, compounds 2 and 8 showed moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values of 256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. The new compound (1) exhibited a moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 512 μg/mL.
摘要从梁祖鸟茎皮甲醇提取物中分离得到新的皂苷,3-o -β-d-3-氧-葡萄糖吡喃基-熊-12,20(30)-二烯-27,28-二烯酸(1),与已知的3- β-d-葡萄糖吡喃基-熊-12,20(30)-二烯-27,28-二烯酸(2),山芝苷甲酯(3),山芝苷(4),β-谷甾醇(5),β-谷甾醇-3-o -β-d-葡萄糖吡喃苷(6),熊-12,20(30)-二烯-27,28-二烯酸(7),异黄酮素(8),和齐果酸(9)。通过对它们的光谱数据1D- (1H和13C)、2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY、HMQC、HMBC)、光谱和电喷雾电离飞行时间质谱分析的综合解释,确定了结构。对分离得到的化合物和提取物进行抗菌性能筛选。虽然乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物对铜绿假单胞菌具有较强的抑菌活性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为32 μg/mL,但化合物2和8对粪肠球菌的抑菌活性中等,MIC分别为256和128 μg/mL。新化合物(1)对金黄色葡萄球菌具有中等抑菌活性,MIC值为512 μg/mL。
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引用次数: 5
Frontmatter
Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-frontmatter11-12
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引用次数: 0
Isolation and identification of tuliposides D and F from tulip cultivars 郁金香脂苷D和F的分离鉴定
Pub Date : 2019-10-22 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0123
Taiji Nomura, S. Ogita, Y. Kato
Abstract 6-Tuliposides A (6-PosA) and B (6-PosB) are major defensive secondary metabolites in tulip cultivars (Tulipa gesneriana), having an acyl group at the C-6 position of d-glucose. Although some wild tulip species produce 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos (PosD and PosF), as well as 6-PosA/B, they have not yet been isolated from tulip cultivars. Here, aiming at verifying the presence of PosD and PosF in tulip cultivars, tissue extracts of 25 cultivars were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although no HPLC peaks for PosD nor PosF were detected in most cultivars, we found two cultivars giving a minute HPLC peak for PosD and the other two cultivars giving that for PosF. PosD and PosF were then purified from petals of cultivar ‘Orca’ and from pistils of cultivar ‘Murasakizuisho’, respectively, and their identities were verified by spectroscopic analyses. This is the first report that substantiates the presence of 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos in tulip cultivars.
摘要6-郁金香苷A (6-PosA)和B (6-PosB)是郁金香品种中主要的防御性次生代谢产物,在d-葡萄糖的C-6位置有一个酰基。虽然一些野生郁金香品种产生1,6-二酰基葡萄糖型Pos (PosD和PosF),以及6-PosA/B,但它们尚未从郁金香品种中分离出来。为了验证郁金香品种中PosD和PosF的存在,采用高效液相色谱法对25个郁金香品种的组织提取物进行了分析。虽然大多数品种都没有检测到PosD和PosF的高效液相色谱峰,但我们发现有两个品种的PosD和另外两个品种的PosF的高效液相色谱峰都很短。然后分别从‘Orca’品种花瓣和‘Murasakizuisho’品种雌蕊中纯化出PosD和PosF,并通过光谱分析对其进行了鉴定。这是首次证实在郁金香品种中存在1,6-二酰基葡萄糖型Pos的报道。
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引用次数: 3
Identification and characterization of novel short-type BmPGRP-S4 from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, involved in innate immunity 家蚕先天免疫相关基因新型短型BmPGRP-S4的鉴定与表征
Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0093
Qiang Wang, Meijia Ren, Xiaoyong Liu, H. Xia, Keping Chen
Abstract Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition receptors that can recognize bacterial peptidoglycans and trigger the innate immune response of insects. Here, we identified and characterized a novel short-type Bombyx mori peptidoglycan recognition proteins short-4 (BmPGRP-S4) in a lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori. BmPGRP-S4 exhibited a cDNA sequence length of 600 bp, encoding 199 aa with a protein molecular weight of 22 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that BmPGRP-S4 contains a conserved PGRP domain. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that BmPGRP-S4 is highly expressed in the early developmental stages of silkworm larvae and presents tissue-specific expression in hemocytes. Interestingly, BmPGRP-S4 expression is significantly induced by bacterial infection in the midgut, fat body, and hemocytes. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that BmPGRP-S4 can activate the expression of the antimicrobial peptide genes lebocin, moricin, cecropin D, cecropin B, and attacin. Taken together, these results suggest that BmPGRP-S4 plays an important role in the innate immune response of silkworms.
肽聚糖识别蛋白(PGRPs)是一种模式识别受体,可以识别细菌肽聚糖并引发昆虫的先天免疫反应。本研究在鳞翅目昆虫家蚕中鉴定并鉴定了一种新的短型家蚕肽聚糖识别蛋白short-4 (BmPGRP-S4)。BmPGRP-S4 cDNA序列长度为600 bp,编码199 aa,蛋白分子量为22 kDa。多个序列比对结果表明,BmPGRP-S4含有一个保守的PGRP结构域。定量实时聚合酶链反应分析显示,BmPGRP-S4在家蚕幼虫发育早期高表达,并在血细胞中呈组织特异性表达。有趣的是,细菌感染显著诱导BmPGRP-S4在中肠、脂肪体和血细胞中的表达。此外,双荧光素酶报告基因检测显示,BmPGRP-S4可以激活抗菌肽基因lebocin、moricin、cecropin D、cecropin B和attacin的表达。综上所述,这些结果表明BmPGRP-S4在家蚕先天免疫应答中起重要作用。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
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