The present study aimed to evaluate acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as an internal marker for the measurement the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) in rabbits through two experiments (E1 and E2). In E1, 48 rabbits were used to calculate the CTTAD of the same basal diet according to the European reference method (ERM), the AIA and the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 with 1 g of TiO 2 /kg diet) techniques (n=16 rabbits/method). The effect of feed sample quantity on dietary AIA content was investigated and total collection of faeces was carried out to calculate marker recovery. In E2, 48 rabbits were allotted to three groups fed diets with no sugar beet pulp (SBP0) or with 100 (SBP100) and 200 (SBP200) g sugar beet pulp/kg (n=16 rabbits/group). Each group was divided into two subgroups, ERM and AIA (n=8 rabbits/subgroup), in which CTTAD was measured using the European reference and AIA method, respectively. In AIA subgroups, only 10% of the total daily faecal output was sampled from 9:00 to 9:30 am. Feed analysis in E1 showed that increasing sample quantity from 5 to 9 g did not affect the dietary AIA content; however, the analytical error was 7 and 5 times lower ( P <0.05) for 9 g, when compared to 5 and 7 g samples. Feed analysis also showed 1.030±0.003 g TiO 2 /kg diet. Faecal marker recovery was 99.80±0.03 and 96.89±0.16% for AIA and TiO 2 , respectively. The CTTAD of dry matter (DM), did not differ between methods in E1, but a 5-fold higher variability ( P <0.05) was observed for the TiO 2 technique in comparison with the ERM and AIA methods. Also, no differences in the CTTAD of DM between the ERM and AIA methods were found in E2. In conclusion, AIA is a reliable internal marker in rabbits and offers the possibility of measuring the CTTAD of diets with precision, when complete faecal collection or feed intake measurement is not possible.
本研究旨在通过两个实验（E1和E2）评估酸不溶性灰分（AIA）作为测量兔总消化道表观消化率（CTTAD）系数的内部标志物。在E1中，根据欧洲参考方法（ERM）、AIA和二氧化钛（TiO2与1g TiO2/kg饮食）技术，使用48只兔子来计算相同基础饮食的CTTAD（n=16只兔子/方法）。研究了饲料样品量对日粮AIA含量的影响，并对粪便进行了总收集以计算标记回收率。在E2中，48只兔子被分为三组，分别饲喂不含甜菜浆（SBP0）或含100（SBP100）和200（SBP200）g甜菜浆/kg的日粮（n=16只兔子/组）。每组分为两个亚组，ERM和AIA（n=8只兔子/亚组），其中CTTAD分别使用欧洲参考和AIA方法进行测量。在AIA亚组中，从上午9点到9点30分，仅对每日粪便总产量的10%进行了采样。E1中的饲料分析表明，将样本量从5克增加到9克不会影响日粮AIA含量；然而，与5和7g样品相比，9g样品的分析误差分别低7和5倍（P<0.05）。饲料分析还显示1.030±0.003 g TiO2/kg日粮。AIA和TiO2的粪便标记回收率分别为99.80±0.03和96.89±0.16%。E1中不同方法的干物质（DM）CTTAD没有差异，但与ERM和AIA方法相比，TiO2技术的变异性高出5倍（P<0.05）。此外，在E2中，ERM和AIA方法之间的DM CTTAD没有发现差异。总之，AIA在兔子中是一种可靠的内部标志物，当无法完全收集粪便或测量饲料摄入量时，它提供了精确测量饮食CTTAD的可能性。
{"title":"Reliability of acid-insoluble ash as internal marker for the measurement of digestibility in rabbits","authors":"G. Papadomichelakis, K. Fegeros","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2020.12216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2020.12216","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as an internal marker for the measurement the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) in rabbits through two experiments (E1 and E2). In E1, 48 rabbits were used to calculate the CTTAD of the same basal diet according to the European reference method (ERM), the AIA and the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 with 1 g of TiO 2 /kg diet) techniques (n=16 rabbits/method). The effect of feed sample quantity on dietary AIA content was investigated and total collection of faeces was carried out to calculate marker recovery. In E2, 48 rabbits were allotted to three groups fed diets with no sugar beet pulp (SBP0) or with 100 (SBP100) and 200 (SBP200) g sugar beet pulp/kg (n=16 rabbits/group). Each group was divided into two subgroups, ERM and AIA (n=8 rabbits/subgroup), in which CTTAD was measured using the European reference and AIA method, respectively. In AIA subgroups, only 10% of the total daily faecal output was sampled from 9:00 to 9:30 am. Feed analysis in E1 showed that increasing sample quantity from 5 to 9 g did not affect the dietary AIA content; however, the analytical error was 7 and 5 times lower ( P <0.05) for 9 g, when compared to 5 and 7 g samples. Feed analysis also showed 1.030±0.003 g TiO 2 /kg diet. Faecal marker recovery was 99.80±0.03 and 96.89±0.16% for AIA and TiO 2 , respectively. The CTTAD of dry matter (DM), did not differ between methods in E1, but a 5-fold higher variability ( P <0.05) was observed for the TiO 2 technique in comparison with the ERM and AIA methods. Also, no differences in the CTTAD of DM between the ERM and AIA methods were found in E2. In conclusion, AIA is a reliable internal marker in rabbits and offers the possibility of measuring the CTTAD of diets with precision, when complete faecal collection or feed intake measurement is not possible.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of tris-buffer and INRA-82 extenders on the quality of cooled rabbit spermatozoa. Pooled semen samples were collected from eight New Zealand White rabbit bucks, divided into three groups and diluted 1:5 with three different semen extenders: INRA-82, tris-citrate glucose (TCG) and tris-citrate trehalose (TCT). Following dilution, the samples were stored at 5°C for up to 48 h. Sperm motility was recorded at 24, 36 and 48 h post-cooling. Furthermore, sperm viability, morphology, membrane integrity, acrosome status and DNA integrity were assessed at 24 h post-cooling. We found that progressive motility percentages were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in samples diluted in INRA-82 (61.00, 53.50, 44.00% at 24, 36 and 48 h post-cooling, respectively) than those diluted in either TCG (39.25, 32.00, 19.75%) or in TCT (47.25, 40.50, 29.00%). We also reported that sperm viability, percentage of normal spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome and DNA integrity after 24 h cooling were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in INRA-82 diluted samples compared to TCG and TCT diluted ones. In summary, our results show that dilution of rabbit semen in INRA-82 improved sperm physiological parameters post-cooling compared to those diluted in TCG or TCT. Our findings also suggest that INRA-82 is a promising diluent that can be used effectively to maintain the viability of chilled rabbit semen.
{"title":"Comparison between Tris-buffer and INRA-82 extenders on the quality of chilled rabbit spermatozoa","authors":"A. Fadl, A. M. Ghallab, M. Abou-Ahmed","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2020.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2020.12287","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of tris-buffer and INRA-82 extenders on the quality of cooled rabbit spermatozoa. Pooled semen samples were collected from eight New Zealand White rabbit bucks, divided into three groups and diluted 1:5 with three different semen extenders: INRA-82, tris-citrate glucose (TCG) and tris-citrate trehalose (TCT). Following dilution, the samples were stored at 5°C for up to 48 h. Sperm motility was recorded at 24, 36 and 48 h post-cooling. Furthermore, sperm viability, morphology, membrane integrity, acrosome status and DNA integrity were assessed at 24 h post-cooling. We found that progressive motility percentages were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in samples diluted in INRA-82 (61.00, 53.50, 44.00% at 24, 36 and 48 h post-cooling, respectively) than those diluted in either TCG (39.25, 32.00, 19.75%) or in TCT (47.25, 40.50, 29.00%). We also reported that sperm viability, percentage of normal spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome and DNA integrity after 24 h cooling were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in INRA-82 diluted samples compared to TCG and TCT diluted ones. In summary, our results show that dilution of rabbit semen in INRA-82 improved sperm physiological parameters post-cooling compared to those diluted in TCG or TCT. Our findings also suggest that INRA-82 is a promising diluent that can be used effectively to maintain the viability of chilled rabbit semen.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Li, Yang Chen, M. Liu, Q. Chen, J. Zhou, G. Bao, Xinsheng Wu
Rex rabbit, with multiple phenotypes and colourful fur, is an interesting model for assessing the effect of coat colour gene mutations on characteristic pigmentation phenotype. Based on previous study, the melanophilin ( MLPH ) gene is a positional candidate gene related coat colour dilution. The fur colours are a lighter shade, e.g. grey instead of black. We sequenced 1689 base pairs of the MLPH gene in Chinchilla and black Rex rabbit. A total of 13 polymorphisms were identified, including seven missense mutations. The rabbit MLPH gene has a very high GC content and the protein shows 64.87% identity to the orthologous human protein (lack of homologous amino acids encoded by human MLPH exon 9). Hardy-Weinberg test showed that, except for the g.606C>A single nucleotid polymorphism (SNP), all other SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Haplotype analysis revealed that the seven missense mutation SNPs of two strains of Rex rabbits formed 10 haplotypes, but there were only seven major types of haplotypes (haplotype frequency P >0.05). The major haplotypes of the Chinchilla and black Rex rabbits were H1/H2/H3/H4/H5 and H1/H2/H3/H6/H8, respectively. The special haplotypes of Chinchilla Rex rabbit (H4, H5, H7) were consistently associated with the Chinchilla phenotype. This study provides evidence that different coat colour formation may be caused by one or more mutations within MLPH gene in several Rex rabbit strains. The data on polymorphisms that are associated with the Chinchilla phenotype facilitate the breeding of rabbits with defined coat colours.
{"title":"Association of Melanophilin (MLPH) gene polymorphism with coat colour in Rex rabbits","authors":"J. Li, Yang Chen, M. Liu, Q. Chen, J. Zhou, G. Bao, Xinsheng Wu","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2020.12082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2020.12082","url":null,"abstract":"Rex rabbit, with multiple phenotypes and colourful fur, is an interesting model for assessing the effect of coat colour gene mutations on characteristic pigmentation phenotype. Based on previous study, the melanophilin ( MLPH ) gene is a positional candidate gene related coat colour dilution. The fur colours are a lighter shade, e.g. grey instead of black. We sequenced 1689 base pairs of the MLPH gene in Chinchilla and black Rex rabbit. A total of 13 polymorphisms were identified, including seven missense mutations. The rabbit MLPH gene has a very high GC content and the protein shows 64.87% identity to the orthologous human protein (lack of homologous amino acids encoded by human MLPH exon 9). Hardy-Weinberg test showed that, except for the g.606C>A single nucleotid polymorphism (SNP), all other SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Haplotype analysis revealed that the seven missense mutation SNPs of two strains of Rex rabbits formed 10 haplotypes, but there were only seven major types of haplotypes (haplotype frequency P >0.05). The major haplotypes of the Chinchilla and black Rex rabbits were H1/H2/H3/H4/H5 and H1/H2/H3/H6/H8, respectively. The special haplotypes of Chinchilla Rex rabbit (H4, H5, H7) were consistently associated with the Chinchilla phenotype. This study provides evidence that different coat colour formation may be caused by one or more mutations within MLPH gene in several Rex rabbit strains. The data on polymorphisms that are associated with the Chinchilla phenotype facilitate the breeding of rabbits with defined coat colours.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Qin Yang, K. Zhang, Qiuying Wu, J. Li, Song-Jia Lai, T. Song, Ming Zhang
Two unknown single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in exons 1 (c.194C>T) and 2 (c.445T>A) of meat-type rabbit MSTN gene were identified in the study. Our objective was to analyse the population genetics structure of the two novel SNP sites in 230 individuals from six breeds and their associations with carcass traits of rabbits. We found that live body weight (BW), cold carcass weight (CCW), reference carcass weight (RCW), CCW percentage (PCCW) and RCW percentage (PRCW) of the rabbits with the genotype CC at the c.194C>T of exon 1 or AA at the c.445T>A of exon 2 were significantly higher than those with other genotypes. Diplotype significantly affected BW, RCW, CCW, PRCW (P<0.01) and PCCW and PCM (P<0.05). CC/AA was the advantageous diplotype for BW, RCW, CCW and PCM, and TT/AA was the advantageous diplotype for PCCW and PRCW. In contrast, TT/TT was the negative diplotype for BW, CCW, RCW, PCCW and PRCW, and TT/AA was the negative diplotype for PCM. The results suggest that the two new mutations of MSTN gene significantly affected BW, CCW, RCW, PCCW and PRCW of rabbits, and MSTN may be an important candidate gene of carcass traits in meat-type rabbits.
{"title":"Identification of two novel single nucleotide polymorphism sites in the Myostatin (MSTN) gene and their association with carcass traits in meat-type rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"Li-Qin Yang, K. Zhang, Qiuying Wu, J. Li, Song-Jia Lai, T. Song, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.10610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.10610","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two unknown single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in exons 1 (c.194C>T) and 2 (c.445T>A) of meat-type rabbit <em>MSTN</em> gene were identified in the study. Our objective was to analyse the population genetics structure of the two novel SNP sites in 230 individuals from six breeds and their associations with carcass traits of rabbits. We found that live body weight (BW), cold carcass weight (CCW), reference carcass weight (RCW), CCW percentage (P<sub>CCW</sub>) and RCW percentage (P<sub>RCW</sub>) of the rabbits with the genotype CC at the c.194C>T of exon 1 or AA at the c.445T>A of exon 2 were significantly higher than those with other genotypes. Diplotype significantly affected BW, RCW, CCW, P<sub>RCW</sub> (<em>P</em><0.01) and P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>CM</sub> (<em>P</em><0.05). CC/AA was the advantageous diplotype for BW, RCW, CCW and P<sub>CM</sub>, and TT/AA was the advantageous diplotype for P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub>. In contrast, TT/TT was the negative diplotype for BW, CCW, RCW, P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub>, and TT/AA was the negative diplotype for P<sub>CM</sub>. The results suggest that the two new mutations of <em>MSTN</em> gene significantly affected BW, CCW, RCW, P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub> of rabbits, and <em>MSTN</em> may be an important candidate gene of carcass traits in meat-type rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wild rabbit is a relevant species in the Iberian Peninsula due to its ecological and economic roles. Conservationists and game managers therefore have a shared interest in assuring the existence of resilient and sustainable populations. Although management principles and guidelines are mostly known and understood, often the results are not as good as expected. Local abundance can vary significantly even in short periods, while the colonisation of adjacent territories is uncommon, probably due to the territorial behaviour of the species. Aware that the foundation of nuclei requires interaction among individuals, we hypothesised that rabbit abundance plays a significant part in population connectivity. In order to find out whether the population size affects nuclei connectivity, we conducted a graph theory-based connectivity analysis. The results confirm that connectivity grows with rabbit abundance, but only to a certain degree, and there is a spatial separation of the nuclei regardless of the population size. These outcomes suggest that a comprehensive wild rabbit population increment plan should address both the abundance and spatial distribution, but should not aim at achieving a continuous distribution of wild rabbit with constant or similar abundance. Regarding specific management actions, we argue that in restocking operations new nuclei should be located within dispersal range from the existing ones to promote inter-nuclei connectivity, but not too close, as the nuclei segregation tendency is likely to persist due to the species’ territoriality.
{"title":"Does wild rabbit population size affect connectivity?","authors":"Rui Machado, P. Santos","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.12068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.12068","url":null,"abstract":"Wild rabbit is a relevant species in the Iberian Peninsula due to its ecological and economic roles. Conservationists and game managers therefore have a shared interest in assuring the existence of resilient and sustainable populations. Although management principles and guidelines are mostly known and understood, often the results are not as good as expected. Local abundance can vary significantly even in short periods, while the colonisation of adjacent territories is uncommon, probably due to the territorial behaviour of the species. Aware that the foundation of nuclei requires interaction among individuals, we hypothesised that rabbit abundance plays a significant part in population connectivity. In order to find out whether the population size affects nuclei connectivity, we conducted a graph theory-based connectivity analysis. The results confirm that connectivity grows with rabbit abundance, but only to a certain degree, and there is a spatial separation of the nuclei regardless of the population size. These outcomes suggest that a comprehensive wild rabbit population increment plan should address both the abundance and spatial distribution, but should not aim at achieving a continuous distribution of wild rabbit with constant or similar abundance. Regarding specific management actions, we argue that in restocking operations new nuclei should be located within dispersal range from the existing ones to promote inter-nuclei connectivity, but not too close, as the nuclei segregation tendency is likely to persist due to the species’ territoriality.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In society today, there is increasing concern for the welfare of farm animals. New models of rabbit breeding are proposed, such as group housing of rabbit does in a semi-group system or environmental enrichment of individual housing. This work aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance and metabolic aspects of rabbit does housed in collective pens, comparing them to individual cages provided with a platform. Forty-eight animals were distributed in 24 individual cages (40×98×57 cm; width, length and height) and four collective pens (six does per pen; 240×100×65 cm) and remained during four cycles. The does previously housed in collective pens gained less weight and reached lighter weights by the first insemination day (3669 vs. 3872 g; P <0.01), but regained weight over the cycles and had a similar weight during the experiment (4306 vs. 4329 g). It was observed that there was a lower feed intake in the period before delivery in collective pens, which contributed to the lower kit birth weights (57.2 vs. 60.1 g/kit for collective pens and individual cage respectively, P <0.05). There were no differences in perirenal fat thickness, litter size at birth and milk yield, although does housed in collective pens had a lower feed intake (499 vs. 526 g dry matter/d for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.001) and lost more perirenal fat after grouping (–0.05 vs. +0.15 mm for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05), and produced less milk the day after grouping (221 vs. 283 g for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05). In collective pens, a higher number of inseminations to reach a pregnancy (1.43 vs. 1.24 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05) and lower number of weaned (56 vs. 66 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05) kits per doe per year were revealed for does in individual cages. Overall, the use of collective pens prejudiced some parameters and needs to be economically evaluated for adoption on commercial rabbit farms.
{"title":"Performance of rabbit does housed in collective pens and individual cages","authors":"L. Machado, E. Martínez-Paredes, C. Cervera","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.11540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11540","url":null,"abstract":"In society today, there is increasing concern for the welfare of farm animals. New models of rabbit breeding are proposed, such as group housing of rabbit does in a semi-group system or environmental enrichment of individual housing. This work aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance and metabolic aspects of rabbit does housed in collective pens, comparing them to individual cages provided with a platform. Forty-eight animals were distributed in 24 individual cages (40×98×57 cm; width, length and height) and four collective pens (six does per pen; 240×100×65 cm) and remained during four cycles. The does previously housed in collective pens gained less weight and reached lighter weights by the first insemination day (3669 vs. 3872 g; P <0.01), but regained weight over the cycles and had a similar weight during the experiment (4306 vs. 4329 g). It was observed that there was a lower feed intake in the period before delivery in collective pens, which contributed to the lower kit birth weights (57.2 vs. 60.1 g/kit for collective pens and individual cage respectively, P <0.05). There were no differences in perirenal fat thickness, litter size at birth and milk yield, although does housed in collective pens had a lower feed intake (499 vs. 526 g dry matter/d for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.001) and lost more perirenal fat after grouping (–0.05 vs. +0.15 mm for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05), and produced less milk the day after grouping (221 vs. 283 g for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05). In collective pens, a higher number of inseminations to reach a pregnancy (1.43 vs. 1.24 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05) and lower number of weaned (56 vs. 66 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P <0.05) kits per doe per year were revealed for does in individual cages. Overall, the use of collective pens prejudiced some parameters and needs to be economically evaluated for adoption on commercial rabbit farms.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41793927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cobalt supplementation on hair follicle development in rabbits. Rex rabbits (30-d-old, n=180) were divided randomly into five equal treatment groups: rabbits fed a basal diet (control, measured cobalt content of 0.27 mg/kg) or rabbits fed a basal diet with an additional 0.1, 0.4, 1.6 or 6.4 mg/kg cobalt (in the form of cobalt sulfate) supplementation (measured cobalt contents of 0.35, 0.60, 1.83 and 6.62 mg/kg, respectively). Treatment with 6.4 mg/kg cobalt significantly decreased hair follicle density ( P 0.05). The addition of dietary cobalt at the highest level examined (6.4 mg/kg) significantly increased the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP4 in skin tissue ( P 0.05). Compared with their levels in the control group, dietary cobalt treatment significantly suppressed the protein levels of p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase ( P 0.05). In conclusion, cobalt at the highest concentration examined inhibited hair follicle development, which may have involved the mTOR-BMP signalling pathway.
{"title":"High doses of cobalt inhibited hair follicle development in Rex Rabbits","authors":"L. Liu, Q. Gao, C. Wang, Z. Fu, K. Wang, F. Li","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.12038","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cobalt supplementation on hair follicle development in rabbits. Rex rabbits (30-d-old, n=180) were divided randomly into five equal treatment groups: rabbits fed a basal diet (control, measured cobalt content of 0.27 mg/kg) or rabbits fed a basal diet with an additional 0.1, 0.4, 1.6 or 6.4 mg/kg cobalt (in the form of cobalt sulfate) supplementation (measured cobalt contents of 0.35, 0.60, 1.83 and 6.62 mg/kg, respectively). Treatment with 6.4 mg/kg cobalt significantly decreased hair follicle density ( P 0.05). The addition of dietary cobalt at the highest level examined (6.4 mg/kg) significantly increased the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP4 in skin tissue ( P 0.05). Compared with their levels in the control group, dietary cobalt treatment significantly suppressed the protein levels of p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase ( P 0.05). In conclusion, cobalt at the highest concentration examined inhibited hair follicle development, which may have involved the mTOR-BMP signalling pathway.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuezhuang Wu, P. Yang, Xiuhua Gao, Z. Wen, S. Dai, Mingxia Zhu, Li Xin Wang
This study aimed to investigate the effect of sundried big-leaf mulberry (BLM) as a replacement for alfalfa on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) utilisation and meat quality in New Zealand White rabbits. One hundred and sixty weaned rabbits, aged 35±1 d and with a body weight of 755±26 g, were randomly assigned to the 4 treatments with 20 replicates of 2 rabbits (1 male and 1 female) each. Animal performance was evaluated between the 35th and 77th d of age in 40 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and N utilisation were measured between 77 to 83 d of age in 30 animals per treatment. The control rabbits were fed a corn-soybean meal-alfalfa meal based diet. The three experimental groups were fed a similar diet in which the alfalfa meal was replaced by 10% (BLM10), 20% (BLM20), or 30% (BLM30) BLM. The final body weights and average daily gain were higher ( P 0.10), the CTTAD of ether extract was higher in rabbits fed the diets based on BLM ( P <0.05). No effect of treatment was noted on ingested and faecal N. Urinary ( P <0.05) and retained N ( P <0.10) were higher in animals fed with BLM30 and BLM20 diets, respectively. Dietary BLM supplementation increased a* ( P <0.05) and tended to reduce L* ( P <0.10) in rabbit meat samples. It was concluded that replacing alfalfa meal with BLM (20%) can promote growth and increase ether extract digestibility. Additionally, dietary BLM supplementation can increase the redness value of meat.
{"title":"Effects of replacement of alfalfa by big-leaf mulberry on growth performance, digestion and meat quality in growing rabbits","authors":"Xuezhuang Wu, P. Yang, Xiuhua Gao, Z. Wen, S. Dai, Mingxia Zhu, Li Xin Wang","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.11529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11529","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of sundried big-leaf mulberry (BLM) as a replacement for alfalfa on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) utilisation and meat quality in New Zealand White rabbits. One hundred and sixty weaned rabbits, aged 35±1 d and with a body weight of 755±26 g, were randomly assigned to the 4 treatments with 20 replicates of 2 rabbits (1 male and 1 female) each. Animal performance was evaluated between the 35th and 77th d of age in 40 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and N utilisation were measured between 77 to 83 d of age in 30 animals per treatment. The control rabbits were fed a corn-soybean meal-alfalfa meal based diet. The three experimental groups were fed a similar diet in which the alfalfa meal was replaced by 10% (BLM10), 20% (BLM20), or 30% (BLM30) BLM. The final body weights and average daily gain were higher ( P 0.10), the CTTAD of ether extract was higher in rabbits fed the diets based on BLM ( P <0.05). No effect of treatment was noted on ingested and faecal N. Urinary ( P <0.05) and retained N ( P <0.10) were higher in animals fed with BLM30 and BLM20 diets, respectively. Dietary BLM supplementation increased a* ( P <0.05) and tended to reduce L* ( P <0.10) in rabbit meat samples. It was concluded that replacing alfalfa meal with BLM (20%) can promote growth and increase ether extract digestibility. Additionally, dietary BLM supplementation can increase the redness value of meat.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two sublethal doses of gossypol (GOS) (4 and 20 mg/kg of body weight), administered every other day, on some haematological, biochemical, enzymatic and electrolytic properties and amino and fatty acids in male rabbit blood plasma. The experiment lasted for 16 wk and included two phases: 1) administration period; rabbits were given the experimental doses of GOS for 8 wk; and 2) recovery period; rabbits were allowed 8 wk for complete withdrawal of drugs from the plasma. Results showed that low levels of gossypol increased ( P <0.01) haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and white blood cells compared to control. Plasma total protein was increased ( P <0.01) by the low GOS dose in both experimental phases. Likewise, glucose concentration was increased ( P <0.01) by the high GOS dose during the recovery period. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were increased ( P <0.01) by the high dose of GOS treatment only. Low GOS dose increased ( P <0.01) blood plasma Na+ concentration in the recovery period only. Results revealed that total essential amino acids (EAA), and EAA/non-EAA ratio were not affected in a dose-dependent manner during the treatment phase expect for plasma proline, which was increased along with non-EAA ( P <0.01) by high GOS dose. Additionally, GOS administration did not affect total unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and SFA/USFA ratio in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Gossypol treatment affected rabbit haematological parameters and biochemical properties of blood plasma in a dose-dependent manner.
{"title":"Effects of sublethal doses of gossypol on haematological properties and biochemical metabolites of male rabbit","authors":"T. Ramadan, A. Rashad","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.11253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11253","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two sublethal doses of gossypol (GOS) (4 and 20 mg/kg of body weight), administered every other day, on some haematological, biochemical, enzymatic and electrolytic properties and amino and fatty acids in male rabbit blood plasma. The experiment lasted for 16 wk and included two phases: 1) administration period; rabbits were given the experimental doses of GOS for 8 wk; and 2) recovery period; rabbits were allowed 8 wk for complete withdrawal of drugs from the plasma. Results showed that low levels of gossypol increased ( P <0.01) haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and white blood cells compared to control. Plasma total protein was increased ( P <0.01) by the low GOS dose in both experimental phases. Likewise, glucose concentration was increased ( P <0.01) by the high GOS dose during the recovery period. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were increased ( P <0.01) by the high dose of GOS treatment only. Low GOS dose increased ( P <0.01) blood plasma Na+ concentration in the recovery period only. Results revealed that total essential amino acids (EAA), and EAA/non-EAA ratio were not affected in a dose-dependent manner during the treatment phase expect for plasma proline, which was increased along with non-EAA ( P <0.01) by high GOS dose. Additionally, GOS administration did not affect total unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and SFA/USFA ratio in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Gossypol treatment affected rabbit haematological parameters and biochemical properties of blood plasma in a dose-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44777380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to add to the current understanding of rabbit caecal microbiota. This involved describing its microbial composition and linking this to live performance parameters, as well as determining the effects of dietary quercetin (Qrc) supplementation (2 g/kg feed) and sex on the microbial population. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio of twelve New Zealand White rabbits was measured from 5 to 12 wk old, blood was sampled at 11 wk old for the determination of serum hormone levels, and the rabbits were slaughtered and caecal samples collected at 13 wk old. Ion 16STM metagenome sequencing was used to determine the microbiota profile. The dominance of Firmicutes (72.01±1.14% of mapped reads), Lachnospiraceae (23.94±1.01%) and Ruminococcaceae (19.71±1.07%) concurred with previous reports, but variation both between studies and individual rabbits was apparent beyond this. Significant correlations between microbial families and live performance parameters were found, suggesting that further research into the mechanisms of these associations could be useful. Negative correlations with the caecal flavonoid content were found, but the latter was not affected by diet, and the effects of quercetin supplementation on the microbiota were very limited, possibly due to the absorption of the quercetin-aglycone from the gastrointestinal tract prior to the caecum. Nonetheless, Clostridiales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis was more abundant in the quercetin-supplemented rabbits (Control: 0.003±0.003%; Qrc: 0.020±0.000; P=0.005), as was the genus Anaerofustis (Control: 0.000±0.002; Qrc: 0.010±0.002; P=0.003). Serum cortisol levels were higher in females, and several microbial families differed between the sexes. Most were more abundant in female rabbits, including the most abundant, the family Eubacteriaceae (Male: 2.93±0.40; Female: 4.73±0.40; P=0.01).
{"title":"Composition of rabbit caecal microbiota and the effects of dietary quercetin supplementation and sex thereupon","authors":"M. K. North, A. Dalle Zotte, L. Hoffman","doi":"10.4995/wrs.2019.11905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11905","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to add to the current understanding of rabbit caecal microbiota. This involved describing its microbial composition and linking this to live performance parameters, as well as determining the effects of dietary quercetin (Qrc) supplementation (2 g/kg feed) and sex on the microbial population. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio of twelve New Zealand White rabbits was measured from 5 to 12 wk old, blood was sampled at 11 wk old for the determination of serum hormone levels, and the rabbits were slaughtered and caecal samples collected at 13 wk old. Ion 16STM metagenome sequencing was used to determine the microbiota profile. The dominance of Firmicutes (72.01±1.14% of mapped reads), Lachnospiraceae (23.94±1.01%) and Ruminococcaceae (19.71±1.07%) concurred with previous reports, but variation both between studies and individual rabbits was apparent beyond this. Significant correlations between microbial families and live performance parameters were found, suggesting that further research into the mechanisms of these associations could be useful. Negative correlations with the caecal flavonoid content were found, but the latter was not affected by diet, and the effects of quercetin supplementation on the microbiota were very limited, possibly due to the absorption of the quercetin-aglycone from the gastrointestinal tract prior to the caecum. Nonetheless, Clostridiales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis was more abundant in the quercetin-supplemented rabbits (Control: 0.003±0.003%; Qrc: 0.020±0.000; P=0.005), as was the genus Anaerofustis (Control: 0.000±0.002; Qrc: 0.010±0.002; P=0.003). Serum cortisol levels were higher in females, and several microbial families differed between the sexes. Most were more abundant in female rabbits, including the most abundant, the family Eubacteriaceae (Male: 2.93±0.40; Female: 4.73±0.40; P=0.01).","PeriodicalId":23902,"journal":{"name":"World Rabbit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46088968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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