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2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)最新文献

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Extending C/ID Methodology for Optimal Implementation of Single-Stage Discrete-Time Amplifiers 扩展C/ID方法优化实现单级离散时间放大器
Sakthidasan Kalidasan, A. Tajalli
A flow to develop single-stage Discrete-Time (DT) amplifiers based on a set of given requirements, including speed and noise specifications, will be introduced. To reduce the computational complexity of the proposed design flow, C/ID methodology has been employed as the baseline. To demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed design flow, a DT amplifier will be developed to satisfy target performance parameters, namely speed, voltage gain, and noise, when consumption is minimized. The performance of the resulted design shows less than 3% error with respect to the target values. Low complexity of the flow, together with high achievable precision, makes the proposed approach a very appropriate choice for developing analog Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools.
将介绍基于一组给定要求(包括速度和噪声规格)开发单级离散时间(DT)放大器的流程。为了降低所提出的设计流程的计算复杂度,采用C/ID方法作为基准。为了证明所提出的设计流程的有效性,将开发一个DT放大器,以满足目标性能参数,即速度,电压增益和噪声,当消耗最小。结果设计的性能显示相对于目标值误差小于3%。流程的低复杂性以及可实现的高精度使该方法成为开发模拟电子设计自动化(EDA)工具的非常合适的选择。
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引用次数: 0
High-Performance Wideband 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT 6-Bit Digital Phase Shifter Design for C-Band Phased Array Applications 用于c波段相控阵应用的高性能宽带0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT 6位数字移相器设计
Orkun Altay Genç, Adnan Gündel, M. B. Yelten
In this paper, a 6-bit digital phase shifter design is introduced for C-band phased array applications, which presents a high performance in a wide bandwidth between 4 GHz and 6 GHz. The design is performed using the process design kit for 0.25 μm Gallium Arsenide pHEMT applications by WinSemi foundry. For each bit, the optimal design topology is selected and revised with enhancements so that the phase shifter attains a phase shift response, high input/output return loss, and low insertion loss characteristics in a comparatively compact form. The step size for the digital phase shifter is 5.625° with a phase error of 2.8125° in each bit design, tracking the whole 360°. The overall input and output return losses are greater than 10 dB, and the insertion loss of the component is lower than 5.8 dB over the 4–6 GHz bandwidth. This successful performance is achieved within a chip area of only 2200 μm to 2200 μm. Embedded switch all-pass networks and switched high-pass/low-pass network topologies are employed and controlled in parallel within the design. Each bit topology, along with the element values, is optimized and validated for the best performance.
本文介绍了一种适用于c波段相控阵的6位数字移相器设计,该移相器在4 GHz ~ 6 GHz宽带范围内具有较高的性能。该设计是使用WinSemi的0.25 μm砷化镓pHEMT工艺设计套件进行的。对于每个位,选择最佳设计拓扑并进行改进,使移相器以相对紧凑的形式获得相移响应、高输入/输出回波损耗和低插入损耗特性。数字移相器的步长为5.625°,每个位的相位误差为2.8125°,跟踪整个360°。在4 ~ 6ghz带宽范围内,器件的整体输入输出回波损耗大于10db,插入损耗小于5.8 dB。该性能仅在2200 μm ~ 2200 μm的芯片面积内实现。嵌入式交换机全通网络和交换高通/低通网络拓扑在设计中被并行使用和控制。每个位拓扑以及元素值都经过优化和验证,以获得最佳性能。
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引用次数: 0
Design Space Exploration of Single-Stage OTAs towards an Ultra-Low-Power LNA for ECG Signals 面向超低功耗心电信号LNA的单级ota设计空间探索
Rafael Vieira, R. Martins, N. Horta, N. Lourenço
This work presents the design space exploration and optimization of four different single-stage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) to implement a low-noise amplifier (LNA) for electrocardiogram signals in 65-nm CMOS. First, the tradeoffs between power consumption and input-referred noise (IRN), gain, and area of the four topologies are determined using AIDASoft, a state-of-the-art multi-objective multi-constraint circuit-level electronic design automation tool. The OTAs are optimized with populations of 1024 elements through 500 generations. The OTA topology with better power vs IRN tradeoff is chosen as as the first stage for the LNA for low input noise; and to increase the gain in the second stage, the topology showing better gain versus power tradeoff is selected. Having selected the topologies of the OTAs, the ultra-low-power LNA with a capacitive feedback structure is optimized, resulting in 1019 designs with performance ranging from 3-to-95 nW consumption with a power supply of 0.6 V and IRNs ranging from 10-to-2.3 μV. From these, three solutions showing the different tradeoffs are presented, one with minimum power, a second with minimum IRN and a balanced one. This last solution consumes 10.9 nW, achieving an IRN of 5.1 μV, gain 45.4 dB, with the low cutoff frequency is set at 1.4 Hz, and the high cutoff frequency at 160 Hz.
本文提出了四种不同的单级操作跨导放大器(OTA)的设计空间探索和优化,以实现65纳米CMOS中心电图信号的低噪声放大器(LNA)。首先,使用AIDASoft(一种最先进的多目标多约束电路级电子设计自动化工具)确定功耗与输入参考噪声(IRN)、增益和四种拓扑的面积之间的权衡。ota通过500代的1024个元素的种群进行优化。对于低输入噪声,选择具有更好的功率与IRN权衡的OTA拓扑作为LNA的第一级;为了在第二阶段增加增益,选择具有更好增益与功率权衡的拓扑结构。在选择了ota的拓扑结构后,对具有电容反馈结构的超低功耗LNA进行了优化,得到了1019种设计,功耗范围为3 ~ 95 nW,电源为0.6 V, irn范围为10 ~ 2.3 μV。在此基础上,提出了三种不同的解决方案,其中一种具有最小的功耗,另一种具有最小的IRN,另一种具有平衡的解决方案。最后一种方案功耗为10.9 nW, IRN为5.1 μV,增益为45.4 dB,低截止频率为1.4 Hz,高截止频率为160 Hz。
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引用次数: 0
Img2Sim-V2: A CAD Tool for User-Independent Simulation of Circuits in Image Format Img2Sim-V2:一种独立于用户的图像格式电路仿真CAD工具
Hasan Berat Gurbuz, Abdurrahim Balta, Tuǧba Dalyan, Y. D. Gokdel, Engin Afacan
Composition of the simulation-ready representations of circuits may be laborius and also vulnerable to human-induced errors, which results in wasted effort before the design process. Artificial intelligence (AI)-aided approaches are used in various applications to minimize the human error, and automatize the Netlist generation process. In literature, presented studies are mostly focused on the recognition of circuit components. In the previous version of Img2Sim, both active and passive components can be detected with 90% accuracy while the netlist for a given circuit can be generated automatically. In this study, we propose Img2Sim-V2, which is an AI assisted mobile application that provides high detection accuracy for hand or computer-drawn electrical circuits, generates related circuit netlist and produces a circuit schematic. Additionally, proposed system performs basic electrical analyses (DC, AC, and Transient) through Python packages.
电路的模拟就绪表示的组成可能是费力的,也容易受到人为错误的影响,这导致在设计过程之前浪费了精力。人工智能(AI)辅助方法用于各种应用中,以尽量减少人为错误,并使网表生成过程自动化。在文献中,目前的研究大多集中在电路元件的识别上。在以前版本的Img2Sim中,有源和无源元件的检测精度可以达到90%,同时可以自动生成给定电路的网表。在本研究中,我们提出了Img2Sim-V2,这是一个人工智能辅助的移动应用程序,可以为手工或计算机绘制的电路提供较高的检测精度,生成相关的电路网表并生成电路原理图。此外,所建议的系统通过Python包执行基本的电气分析(直流、交流和瞬态)。
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引用次数: 0
A 432 MHz Class-D Power Amplifier with 60% Power Efficiency for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy 用于无线胶囊内窥镜的432 MHz d类功率放大器,功率效率为60%
Ferhat Öztürk, O. Ferhanoğlu, M. B. Yelten
A 432 MHz power amplifier (PA) for wireless capsule endoscopy is presented. 180 nm CMOS process is used with a 1.8 V supply voltage. Class-D is chosen in order to meet the high-efficiency requirement. According to the post-layout Monte Carlo simulations, the PA achieves 60% power efficiency while delivering 3 dBm output power. Hence, this work demonstrates that the class-D topology can be employed in capsule endoscopes to deliver a maximized output power with significant efficiency and extend the battery life while the capsule advances in the gastrointestinal tract.
介绍了一种用于无线胶囊内窥镜的432 MHz功率放大器。采用180nm CMOS工艺,电源电压1.8 V。为了满足高效率的要求,选择了d类。根据布局后的蒙特卡罗模拟,PA在提供3 dBm输出功率的同时实现了60%的功率效率。因此,这项工作表明,d类拓扑可以用于胶囊内窥镜,在胶囊在胃肠道中推进的同时,以显著的效率提供最大的输出功率,并延长电池寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating synchronization phenomena in chaotic ring oscillators coupled through memristive devices 研究通过忆阻器耦合的混沌环振荡器中的同步现象
Rafailia-Eleni Karamani, Iosif-Angelos Fyrigos, G. Sirakoulis
This paper aims to present the synchronization phenomena that emerge through the interaction of chaotic oscillators forming a network, coupled utilizing the promising characteristics of novel nanoelectronic circuit elements, namely memristors. This architecture exploits the reprogrammability feature of memristors to offer the capability of controlling the coupling radius of the oscillatory network without the need to modify its structure. Memristive devices can be manufactured in crossbar architectures, allowing for dense, reprogrammable structures. Chaotic CMOS ring oscillators (CMOS ROs) have been chosen as they provide a low-size and low-power consumption alternative that is easy to implement in ICs. Chaotic oscillators can be integrated with other hardware components, such as memristors, to create hybrid neuromorphic systems that combine the advantages of these technologies for the introduction of versatile, reconfigurable architectures.
本文旨在介绍混沌振荡器形成网络的相互作用所产生的同步现象,并利用新型纳米电子电路元件,即忆阻器的有前途的特性。该结构利用了忆阻器的可重编程特性,在不修改其结构的情况下,提供了控制振荡网络耦合半径的能力。忆阻器件可以在交叉结构中制造,允许密集的,可重新编程的结构。混沌CMOS环形振荡器(CMOS ROs)被选择,因为它们提供了一种小尺寸和低功耗的替代方案,易于在ic中实现。混沌振荡器可以与其他硬件组件(如忆阻器)集成,以创建混合神经形态系统,该系统结合了这些技术的优势,以引入通用的、可重构的架构。
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引用次数: 0
Hot Fuzz: Assisting verification by fuzz testing microelectronic hardware 热模糊:通过模糊测试微电子硬件协助验证
Henning Siemen, Jonas Lienke, Georg Gläser
The task of verifying microelectronic hardware designs is as crucial to the design process as it is tedious. Despite numerous helpful methodologies like constraint random testing, it takes an experienced engineer to find hidden bugs and unintended system behavior. Conventional testing approaches are centered on individual test cases in order to test specific scenarios. Analog to the well-established software technique of fuzz-testing, we present What-The-Fuzz (WTF), a coverage-guided mutation-based fuzzer and demonstrate it on an example circuit. Test cases are generated in an automated fashion by consecutively mutating input stimuli, guiding them to achieve increased coverage. In contrast to purely random test cases, we avoid the vast majority of trivial noise-like invalid inputs and focus on test cases that actually result state transitions of the tested device.
验证微电子硬件设计的任务对设计过程至关重要,因为它是繁琐的。尽管有许多有用的方法,如约束随机测试,但需要有经验的工程师才能发现隐藏的bug和意外的系统行为。为了测试特定的场景,传统的测试方法以单个测试用例为中心。与完善的模糊测试软件技术类似,我们提出了What-The-Fuzz (WTF),一种基于覆盖引导的基于突变的模糊器,并在示例电路上进行了演示。测试用例以一种自动化的方式生成,通过连续地改变输入刺激,引导它们达到增加的覆盖率。与纯粹的随机测试用例相比,我们避免了绝大多数琐碎的噪声类无效输入,并专注于实际导致被测试设备状态转换的测试用例。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability evaluation of IC Ring Oscillator PUFs IC环形振荡器puf可靠性评估
Jose M. Gata-Romero, E. Roca, J. Núñez, R. Castro-López, F. Fernández
Silicon-based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have become a popular solution to provide security in many applications. PUFs are circuits that take advantage of the innate variability of the fabrication processes to deliver a different output for each implementation of the same circuit. This unique response needs to be reliable to environmental conditions, like temperature variations or power supply variations, but also needs to stay stable over time, i.e., the circuit output should be resilient to aging. In this paper, a reliability study of a PUF based on Ring Oscillators (RO) in a 65-nm CMOS technology is presented. Experimental results are performed on different die samples, including temperature and power supply variations. Aging degradation is characterized using accelerated aging tests, taking advantage of the unique properties of two arrays of ROs included in a chip specifically designed to accurately characterize aging degradation.
基于硅的物理不可克隆功能(puf)已经成为许多应用中提供安全性的流行解决方案。puf是一种电路,它利用制造工艺的固有可变性,为同一电路的每个实现提供不同的输出。这种独特的响应需要对环境条件(如温度变化或电源变化)保持可靠,但也需要随着时间的推移保持稳定,即电路输出应该具有抗老化的弹性。本文介绍了一种基于环形振荡器(RO)的65nm CMOS技术PUF的可靠性研究。实验结果进行了不同的模具样品,包括温度和电源的变化。使用加速老化测试来表征老化退化,利用芯片中包含的两个ROs阵列的独特特性,专门设计用于准确表征老化退化。
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引用次数: 0
A Frequency-Domain Neural-Network Model for High-Power RF Transistors 大功率射频晶体管的频域神经网络模型
João Louro, L. Nunes, Filipe M. Barradas, J. Pedro
In power amplifier design, when equivalent-circuit models are not available, behavioral models present a possible solution to represent the nonlinear behavior of the transistor. Among the existing behavioral models, the interpolation capabilities of the artificial neural networks have been explored to successfully approximate the measured load-pull behavior of such devices. However, these models require a large set of measurements of the device, that, in practice, are not always available. Typically, these models rely on power swept load-pull measurements and, since the PA design is nowadays targeting several carrier frequencies, the number of power levels and loads cannot be very large. This normally leads to unreasonable results when the model is implemented in a circuit simulator, especially at small power levels. This article proposes a simple solution to that problem, by taking an artificial neural network-based model and creating virtual, low power, load-pull data from the S-parameters of the device.
在功率放大器设计中,当等效电路模型不可用时,行为模型提供了一种可能的解决方案来表示晶体管的非线性行为。在现有的行为模型中,已经探索了人工神经网络的插值能力,以成功地近似这些装置的实测载荷-拉力行为。然而,这些模型需要大量的设备测量数据,而在实践中,这些数据并不总是可用的。通常,这些模型依赖于功率扫频负载-拉力测量,由于PA设计现在针对多个载波频率,功率电平和负载的数量不能很大。当模型在电路模拟器中实现时,这通常会导致不合理的结果,特别是在小功率水平下。本文提出了一个简单的解决方案,通过采用基于人工神经网络的模型,从设备的s参数中创建虚拟的、低功耗的负载-拉力数据。
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引用次数: 0
GaN Power Transistors Behavioral Modeling 氮化镓功率晶体管行为建模
G. D. Capua, N. Femia
This paper discusses the behavioral modeling of Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors for the analysis of voltage/current waveforms and losses in hard-switching Switch-Mode Power Supplies (SMPSs), with main emphasis on the I-V and C-V characteristics. A new technique extending the I–V characteristics to high drain-source voltage is presented. Two different capacitance models are also compared. The proposed models are fully based on device datasheet curves and have been implemented in PathWave Advanced Design System software, allowing easy construction of symbolically defined devices. A 350 V/3 A boost converter is considered as a case study, with a half-bridge of two 650 V-30 A GaN power transistors.
本文讨论了氮化镓(GaN)功率晶体管的行为建模,用于分析硬开关开关电源(smps)中的电压/电流波形和损耗,主要侧重于I-V和C-V特性。提出了一种将I-V特性扩展到高漏源电压的新技术。两种不同的电容模型也进行了比较。所提出的模型完全基于设备数据表曲线,并已在PathWave高级设计系统软件中实现,允许轻松构建符号定义的设备。一个350 V/3 A升压变换器被认为是一个案例研究,具有两个650 V-30 A GaN功率晶体管的半桥。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)
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