Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0002
Anam Aziz, S. Din
Most of the existing literature uses energy consumption to verify the effect of energy use on environmental degradation, but they fail to explore it. To achieve the revealed gap, the present study insists on the impact of the nonrenewable and renewable energy consumptions, financial development, trade liberalization & income on carbon dioxide (CO2) by using the environmental Kuznets curve theory. This study used Pakistan’s time series data for the time period of 1990 to 2018. This study used two famous unit root tests which are the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) test. Results confirm that RENERG has stationary at the level and NRENERG, CO2, GDP, GDP2, FINDEV, and TRD become stationary at first difference. Furthermore, ARDL bound test is used to analyze the model, the bound test indicates that there exists co-integration in the model and ARDL estimates the short and long-run estimates of the equation. The rise in renewable energy consumptions, economic developments, and trade openness reduces emanation of the carbon whereas the increase in renewable-energy consumption hints at carbon releases it also validates the EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. The study concludes that Pakistan’s government and regulatory authorities should initiate the programs by which they are aware of the public and citizens about the adoption of renewable energies and environmental protection levels.
{"title":"Examined EKC Hypothesis in the Presence of Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy and Trade & Financial Developments for Pakistan","authors":"Anam Aziz, S. Din","doi":"10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the existing literature uses energy consumption to verify the effect of energy use on environmental degradation, but they fail to explore it. To achieve the revealed gap, the present study insists on the impact of the nonrenewable and renewable energy consumptions, financial development, trade liberalization & income on carbon dioxide (CO2) by using the environmental Kuznets curve theory. This study used Pakistan’s time series data for the time period of 1990 to 2018. This study used two famous unit root tests which are the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) test. Results confirm that RENERG has stationary at the level and NRENERG, CO2, GDP, GDP2, FINDEV, and TRD become stationary at first difference. Furthermore, ARDL bound test is used to analyze the model, the bound test indicates that there exists co-integration in the model and ARDL estimates the short and long-run estimates of the equation. The rise in renewable energy consumptions, economic developments, and trade openness reduces emanation of the carbon whereas the increase in renewable-energy consumption hints at carbon releases it also validates the EKC hypothesis in Pakistan. The study concludes that Pakistan’s government and regulatory authorities should initiate the programs by which they are aware of the public and citizens about the adoption of renewable energies and environmental protection levels.","PeriodicalId":240042,"journal":{"name":"iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134253509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0005
Ayesha Amjad, A. Manzoor, Um-I- Kulsoom
Climate change is now widely regarded as one of the greatest issues of our era. As a result, it is critical to study the impact of various macroeconomic variables on the environment. The purpose of this research is to look at the link between financial development and environmental (CO2 emissions) in Pakistan from 1980 to 2014. The Auto Regressive Distributed Log (ARDL) technique was employed to track both long-term and short-term association between variables in this investigation. Granger causal testing is used to examine the causal relationship. Study results suggest that there is a unidirectional causality between CO2 and the financial development Index. However, the environment (CO2 emissions) in the long run will depend on the financial development that the financial development index (domestic credit to private sector aggregate market capitalization, and FDI) has in Pakistan. In the second model, the environment (energy consumption) also depends on financial development.
{"title":"Causality between Environment and Financial Development in case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis","authors":"Ayesha Amjad, A. Manzoor, Um-I- Kulsoom","doi":"10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is now widely regarded as one of the greatest issues of our era. As a result, it is critical to study the impact of various macroeconomic variables on the environment. The purpose of this research is to look at the link between financial development and environmental (CO2 emissions) in Pakistan from 1980 to 2014. The Auto Regressive Distributed Log (ARDL) technique was employed to track both long-term and short-term association between variables in this investigation. Granger causal testing is used to examine the causal relationship. Study results suggest that there is a unidirectional causality between CO2 and the financial development Index. However, the environment (CO2 emissions) in the long run will depend on the financial development that the financial development index (domestic credit to private sector aggregate market capitalization, and FDI) has in Pakistan. In the second model, the environment (energy consumption) also depends on financial development.","PeriodicalId":240042,"journal":{"name":"iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121213118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0001
M. Bhatti, Faseeh ur Raheem, M. A. Zafar
This study mainly inspects the effect of globalization and financial expansion on CO2 emissions in the existence of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) framework for ASEAN economies, firstly the study employs the cross-sectional dependence econometric test. Results of CADF, CIPS unit root test, LM test, panel Kao Cointegration, Johansen Fisher test and Panel ARDL investigation revealed that (i) the hypothesis of EKC supports in ASEAN economies (ii) financial expansion and consumption of energy subsidize to the Co2 productions while urbanization has positive and globalization negative affiliation with carbon dioxide emissions (iii) the data is heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependence test confirms that there exit cross sections dependency (iv) Co-integration test confirms that variables are co-integrated, urbanization has an order of integration is I(0) and a square of GDP, economic development, globalization, financial expansion, use of energy and CO2 emission have an order of integration is I(1). Moreover, it is recommended that the authorities of ASEAN economies give some special consideration to the globalization level. Since better institutional reforms, institutional quality is vital to upsurge financial development and globalization improved financial growth.
{"title":"Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): Empirically Examined Long Run Association Between Globalization, Financial Development and CO2 Emission for ASEAN Countries","authors":"M. Bhatti, Faseeh ur Raheem, M. A. Zafar","doi":"10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This study mainly inspects the effect of globalization and financial expansion on CO2 emissions in the existence of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) framework for ASEAN economies, firstly the study employs the cross-sectional dependence econometric test. Results of CADF, CIPS unit root test, LM test, panel Kao Cointegration, Johansen Fisher test and Panel ARDL investigation revealed that (i) the hypothesis of EKC supports in ASEAN economies (ii) financial expansion and consumption of energy subsidize to the Co2 productions while urbanization has positive and globalization negative affiliation with carbon dioxide emissions (iii) the data is heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependence test confirms that there exit cross sections dependency (iv) Co-integration test confirms that variables are co-integrated, urbanization has an order of integration is I(0) and a square of GDP, economic development, globalization, financial expansion, use of energy and CO2 emission have an order of integration is I(1). Moreover, it is recommended that the authorities of ASEAN economies give some special consideration to the globalization level. Since better institutional reforms, institutional quality is vital to upsurge financial development and globalization improved financial growth.","PeriodicalId":240042,"journal":{"name":"iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment","volume":"387 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0003
T. Ahmad, Mabrooka Altaf, K. Kiran
This study examined the effect of population, energy consumption, economic development on environment degradation in the context of ASEAN countries. For this purpose, the study used the panel data of nine ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam) from 1995 to 2018 with the help of the World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset. Panel FMOLS and Panel ARDL methodology are used to examine the econometric model. ARDL results show that economic growth increases the emission of carbon dioxide which means economic development makes the environment unhealthy, moreover it confirmed the validity of the EKC hypothesis for ASEAN countries. There is a long-term positive impact of GDP and the consumption of energy on CO2 emission. In contrast, the impact of population growth is significant on the per capita emission of carbon dioxide. However, the emission of carbon dioxide hurts economic growth in the long run. Consequently, emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced, and economic growth can be sustainable by using low carbon emission technologies such as renewable energy.
{"title":"Analyzing the long run linkage between Population, Economic Development and Energy Consumption on Carbon emissions of ASEAN Nations","authors":"T. Ahmad, Mabrooka Altaf, K. Kiran","doi":"10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0101.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of population, energy consumption, economic development on environment degradation in the context of ASEAN countries. For this purpose, the study used the panel data of nine ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam) from 1995 to 2018 with the help of the World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset. Panel FMOLS and Panel ARDL methodology are used to examine the econometric model. ARDL results show that economic growth increases the emission of carbon dioxide which means economic development makes the environment unhealthy, moreover it confirmed the validity of the EKC hypothesis for ASEAN countries. There is a long-term positive impact of GDP and the consumption of energy on CO2 emission. In contrast, the impact of population growth is significant on the per capita emission of carbon dioxide. However, the emission of carbon dioxide hurts economic growth in the long run. Consequently, emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced, and economic growth can be sustainable by using low carbon emission technologies such as renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":240042,"journal":{"name":"iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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