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Elephant Gestation: Insights Into Idiopathic Abortions and Stillbirth 大象妊娠:对特发性流产和死胎的见解
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21867
Tim E. R. G. Huijsmans, Ann Van Soom, Katrien Smits, Jella Wauters, David Hagan, Thomas B. Hildebrandt
The declining African and Asian elephant populations emphasize the importance of a backup population. Successful reproduction in captivity plays a key role in maintaining such a genetically diverse ex situ population but is challenged by reproductive loss in the form of abortions and stillbirths. The elephants’ biphasic prolactin pattern led us to predict a higher incidence of abortions during the time of reduced prolactin concentrations. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification of months during elephant gestation which are prone to loss of pregnancy. A metric was developed to identify the fetal age of aborted calves based on the fetal mass using a regression model. Data on idiopathic abortions in captive and wild elephants collected from zoos, tourist camps, semi‐captive, and free‐ranging populations since 1974 were analyzed, revealing a significantly higher prevalence of abortions during the 15th and 17th month of gestation. Additionally, the prevalence of stillbirths in the 22nd month of gestation between 2000 and 2023 was assessed. Although stillbirths showed a declining trend over time, the average prevalence between 2019 and 2023 was still 2.8%. Consequently, the 15th, 17th, and 22nd month of gestation were identified as stages prone to pregnancy loss. These findings underscore the necessity of researching risk factors and preventative measures for pregnancy loss in these 3 months, especially exploring a possible link with prolactin during the 15th and 17th month of gestation. The identification of stages prone to fetal loss is a key step towards enhancing elephant reproductive success and welfare.
非洲象和亚洲象种群数量的减少凸显了后备种群的重要性。圈养大象的成功繁殖对维持这样一个基因多样化的异地种群起着关键作用,但也面临着以流产和死胎形式出现的繁殖损失的挑战。大象的双相催乳素模式使我们预测,在催乳素浓度降低期间,流产的发生率会更高。因此,本研究的重点是确定大象妊娠期间容易发生流产的月份。根据胎儿的质量,利用回归模型开发了一种识别流产小象胎龄的指标。分析了自 1974 年以来从动物园、旅游营地、半圈养大象和散养大象中收集的圈养大象和野生大象的特发性流产数据,结果显示,妊娠期第 15 个月和第 17 个月的流产率明显较高。此外,还对 2000 年至 2023 年间妊娠 22 个月的死胎率进行了评估。尽管死胎率随着时间的推移呈下降趋势,但 2019 年至 2023 年间的平均死胎率仍为 2.8%。因此,妊娠 15、17 和 22 个月被认为是容易发生妊娠损失的阶段。这些发现强调了研究这三个月妊娠丢失风险因素和预防措施的必要性,尤其是探索妊娠第15和17个月与催乳素可能存在的联系。确定容易发生胎儿丢失的阶段是提高大象繁殖成功率和福利的关键一步。
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引用次数: 0
A preliminary global investigation into potential impacts on successful captive breeding for two species of Rhyticeros hornbill. 对两种犀鸟成功人工繁殖的潜在影响进行全球初步调查。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21846
Kees Groot, James E Brereton, Catherine E King, Paul Rose

Asian hornbills have limited ex situ breeding success, yet these species are some of the most threatened of birds, in need of managed breeding programs. To optimize breeding and increase the sustainability of such populations, it is necessary to assess and improve their husbandry and welfare. Evidence to improve reproduction can be gathered through global husbandry surveys. A survey was sent out to all European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and Association of Zoos and Aquarium holders of the wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) and Papuan hornbill (R. plicatus) to determine predictors for ex situ breeding success. This research found that pairs that have spent more years together (p = .016) and that adding additional proteins to the diet (p = .006) are two significant predictors of breeding success for wreathed- and Papuan hornbill pairs. This paper found a general trend that successful hornbill pairs prefer nest boxes that are situated outside (p = .054). The behaviors of calling to each other and sitting in close proximity showed a general trend and were observed more frequently in successful pairs and, therefore, could be good indicators of bonded pairs. We recommend that ex situ institutions allow their hornbill pairs time to form strong bonds, and that pair compatibility is monitored regularly to ensure that such interactions are positive and not consistently negative. An increase in the percentage of dietary proteins, prior and during the breeding season appears to stimulate pairs to breed. If the management and husbandry alterations presented in this study are implemented, the sustainability of Rhyticeros hornbill populations may be enhanced.

亚洲犀鸟的异地繁殖成功率有限,但这些物种是最受威胁的鸟类之一,需要有管理的繁殖计划。为了优化繁殖并提高这些种群的可持续性,有必要对其饲养和福利进行评估和改进。通过全球饲养调查可以收集到改善繁殖的证据。我们向欧洲动物园和水族馆协会以及动物园和水族馆协会的所有花环犀鸟(Rhyticeros undulatus)和巴布亚犀鸟(R. plicatus)持有者发出了一份调查问卷,以确定异地繁殖成功的预测因素。研究发现,在一起生活更多年(p = .016)和在食物中添加额外蛋白质(p = .006)的配对是花环犀鸟和巴布亚犀鸟配对繁殖成功的两个重要预测因素。本文发现一个普遍趋势,即成功的犀鸟配对更喜欢位于室外的巢箱(p = .054)。相互呼唤和坐得很近的行为显示出一种普遍趋势,而且在成功的犀鸟配对中观察到的频率更高,因此,这些行为可以很好地反映成对犀鸟的关系。我们建议异地机构给犀鸟配对以时间来形成牢固的纽带,并定期监测配对的兼容性,以确保这种互动是积极的,而不是持续消极的。在繁殖季节之前和期间增加食物中蛋白质的比例似乎能刺激犀鸟繁殖。如果本研究提出的管理和饲养方法得到实施,犀鸟种群的可持续性可能会得到提高。
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引用次数: 0
Moving Toward Evidence-Based Care: Measuring Preferences in Zoo-Housed Aquatic Turtles Using 24-h Remote Monitoring. 迈向循证护理:利用 24 小时远程监控测量动物园饲养的水龟的偏好。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21856
Shannon L O'Brien, Spencer Koenig, Katherine A Cronin

Providing evidence-based care to animals is a common goal in zoos and aquariums. However, there are many understudied species with a lack of information available, which may result in suboptimal care for individuals of these species. Using preference tests to ask individual animals what they want can be an effective means to enhance their care, and subsequently, their welfare. Using 24-h remote monitoring, we assessed substrate, enclosure feature, and lighting preferences of five aquatic turtles (two wood turtles, one Blanding's turtle, and two spotted turtles) that share an indoor enclosure at Lincoln Park Zoo. In addition, we compared enclosure feature and lighting preferences between winter and summer to determine whether the turtles had changing seasonal preferences despite being housed indoors. We found that the wood turtles and Blanding's turtle had substrate preferences, whereas the spotted turtles did not. In addition, we found that the turtles' enclosure feature preferences were consistent between winter and summer, but the amount of time spent on land, logs, and in water varied by individual. Finally, we found that the turtles utilized areas with ambient lighting more than areas with a heat lamp or UV lamp; this was consistent between winter and summer. The turtle preferences observed in this study can contribute to the development of care strategies that support their welfare and, in turn, may inspire similar preference studies at other institutions as we collectively advance toward providing animals of all taxonomic groups with evidence-based care.

为动物提供循证护理是动物园和水族馆的共同目标。然而,有许多未被充分研究的物种缺乏可用信息,这可能会导致这些物种的个体得不到最佳照料。使用偏好测试来询问动物个体想要什么,可以有效提高对它们的照顾,进而提高它们的福利。通过 24 小时远程监控,我们评估了林肯公园动物园的五只水龟(两只木龟、一只布兰登龟和两只斑龟)对底质、围栏特征和照明的偏好,这些水龟共用一个室内围栏。此外,我们还比较了冬季和夏季的围栏特征和光照偏好,以确定尽管龟类被安置在室内,但它们的季节性偏好是否会发生变化。我们发现,木龟和布兰丁氏龟对底质有偏好,而斑纹龟则没有。此外,我们还发现,乌龟对围栏特征的偏好在冬季和夏季是一致的,但在陆地、原木和水中度过的时间则因个体而异。最后,我们发现海龟对有环境照明的区域的利用率要高于有加热灯或紫外线灯的区域;这一点在冬季和夏季是一致的。这项研究中观察到的海龟偏好有助于制定支持海龟福利的护理策略,反过来也可能会激励其他机构开展类似的偏好研究,从而共同推动为所有分类群的动物提供以证据为基础的护理。
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引用次数: 0
Nest quality predicts the probability of egg loss in the critically endangered 'Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis). 巢的质量可预测极度濒危的 "阿拉拉"(Corvus hawaiiensis)的失卵概率。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21849
Lisa L K Mason, Bryce Masuda, Ronald R Swaisgood, Alison M Flanagan

Conservation breeding programs for endangered species face challenges, notably in the development of husbandry techniques, complicated by the impracticality of conducting controlled experiments. To reduce uncertainty regarding what works in conservation breeding programs, it is essential to capture data. In avian breeding programs, the construction of quality nests and appropriate incubation and handling of eggs by the parents are essential prerequisites to the successful production of offspring. Here, we study factors influencing nest-building and parental incubation outcomes in 'alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), which is extinct in the wild and numbers fewer than 130 individuals in human care. Using parent-incubated egg data from 2018 to 2021 (171 clutches, 55 pairs), we evaluated the role of husbandry factors in determining the quality of nests constructed by 'alalā and the likelihood of nest quality and other social and environmental factors to predict egg loss (breaking, cannibalization, or ejection of an egg from the nest). More than half of all eggs laid failed to reach the hatch date. Nest quality was the most influential predictor of egg loss, with eggs in higher quality nests more likely to reach the hatch date. Male age also influenced egg loss, with very young (3 years old) and older males (⪞12 years old) experiencing more egg loss. Furthermore, the two facilities and two aviary types also differed in the quality of nests 'alalā constructed, indicating that nest-building behavior can be influenced by husbandry practices. These findings reduce uncertainty and provide insights for recommended management interventions to facilitate successful reproduction in human care.

濒危物种的保护性繁殖计划面临着各种挑战,尤其是在饲养技术的开发方面,而进行对照实验又不切实际,使情况变得更加复杂。为了减少保护性繁殖计划中有效方法的不确定性,必须获取数据。在鸟类繁殖项目中,亲鸟建造高质量的巢穴并对卵进行适当的孵化和处理是成功繁殖后代的必要前提。在这里,我们研究了影响'alalā(Corvus hawaiiensis)筑巢和亲鸟孵卵结果的因素。利用2018年至2021年的亲鸟孵化蛋数据(171窝,55对),我们评估了饲养因素在决定'alalā所建巢穴质量方面的作用,以及巢穴质量和其他社会与环境因素预测蛋丢失(破损、食人或蛋被挤出巢穴)的可能性。在所有产下的卵中,有一半以上的卵未能达到孵化日期。巢的质量是对失蛋影响最大的预测因素,质量较高的巢中的蛋更有可能达到孵化日期。雄鸟的年龄也会影响卵的损失,年龄很小(3 岁)和年龄较大(⪞12 岁)的雄鸟损失的卵更多。此外,两种设施和两种鸟舍类型在'alalā'筑巢质量方面也存在差异,这表明筑巢行为可能受到饲养方法的影响。这些发现减少了不确定性,并为推荐的管理干预措施提供了启示,以促进人工饲养中的成功繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence for seasonal shift in the reproduction of Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) in managed care in the Northern hemisphere compared to the natural habitat in the Southern hemisphere. 与南半球的自然栖息地相比,北半球管理照料下的阿尔达布拉巨龟(Aldabrachelys gigantea)繁殖季节性变化的证据。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21851
Pia Cigler, Leyla R Davis, Sarah-Lisa Gmür, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Hatt, Stefanie Ohlerth, Gabriela Mastromonaco, Maya Kummrow

Ex situ breeding constitutes an important tool for species conservation; however, many reptile species are not managed sustainably under human care due to poor fecundity in ex situ settings. In this study, we tested whether the translocation of a seasonally reproducing species to a different environment results in decoupling of extrinsic signals and intrinsic conditions. The endocrinological patterns of plasma steroid sex hormones, follicular development, and mating behaviour of two female and two male sexually mature Aldabra tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) in a zoological institution in the Northern hemisphere was aligned with enclosure climate data (mean monthly daylight duration, temperature, and precipitation) and compared with respective hormone patterns of wild individuals and climate conditions in the native habitat on the Aldabra Atoll in the Southern hemisphere. Whereas occurrence of mating behaviour was not considered a limiting factor, lack of ovulation and subsequent follicular atresia was the main reason for the lack of reproductive output. While it was impossible to elucidate the triggering factors of ovulation and the multifactorial complexity of reproduction was not fully addressed, this study indicates suboptimal temperature conditions and relative temporal shifts of interacting external triggers (temperature and photoperiod) in the zoo setting.

异地繁殖是物种保护的重要工具;然而,由于异地繁殖能力差,许多爬行动物物种在人类照料下无法得到可持续管理。在这项研究中,我们测试了将一个季节性繁殖的物种迁移到不同环境是否会导致外在信号与内在条件脱钩。我们将北半球动物学机构中两只雌性和两只雄性性成熟阿尔达布拉陆龟(Aldabrachelys gigantea)的血浆类固醇性激素、卵泡发育和交配行为的内分泌学模式与围栏气候数据(月平均日照时间、温度和降水量)进行了比对,并与野生个体各自的激素模式和南半球阿尔达布拉环礁原生栖息地的气候条件进行了比较。虽然交配行为的发生不被认为是限制因素,但缺乏排卵和随后的卵泡闭锁是缺乏生殖产出的主要原因。虽然无法阐明排卵的诱发因素,也无法充分探讨繁殖的多因素复杂性,但这项研究表明,动物园环境中的温度条件并不理想,相互影响的外部诱因(温度和光周期)也存在相对的时间变化。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive potential and implant loss in female hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) previously contracepted with melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants at AZA institutions. 曾在 AZA 机构使用醋酸美伦孕酮避孕植入物避孕的雌性仓鼠(Papio hamadryas)的生殖潜能和植入物丢失情况。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21850
Monica M McDonald, Mary K Agnew, Cheryl S Asa, Brandon Simms, Jodi N Wiley, David M Powell

Melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants are a progestin-based reversible contraceptive used to manage fertility in animals. MGA implants are recommended for replacement every 2 years; however, reproduction may be suppressed longer if implants are not removed. In this study, we investigated whether the probability of reproducing (pR) differed among nonimplanted females, females with MGA implants removed, and females whose implants were not removed. In addition, since implant loss in hamadryas baboons is a concern, we explored whether female age, institution, implant placement year, implant location, or implant placement type (intramuscular vs. subcutaneous) differed for females whose implants were lost compared to those that were not. The pR differed significantly across all three treatment conditions with the nonimplanted group having the highest pR. The pR plateaued at 63% after 40 months for the implant-removed group compared to 96% after 84 months in the nonimplanted group. There was no reproduction after contraception if implants were not removed (7.83-45.53 months). In the nonimplanted group, pR was significantly higher for older and parous females. In terms of implant loss, we found that implant placement type was significantly associated with implant loss, such that there were fewer losses when implants were placed intramuscularly (IM) as compared to subcutaneously. Our results suggest that placing MGA implants IM is likely to reduce loss. When loss is prevented, MGA implants are an effective form of contraception and are reliably reversibly in most individuals when removed. However, if not removed, they can prevent reproduction longer than 2 years.

醋酸美伦孕酮(MGA)植入剂是一种以孕激素为基础的可逆性避孕药,用于控制动物的生育能力。建议每两年更换一次 MGA 植入物;但是,如果不取出植入物,繁殖可能会受到更长时间的抑制。在这项研究中,我们调查了未植入MGA的雌性动物、植入MGA的雌性动物和植入物未被移除的雌性动物的繁殖概率(pR)是否存在差异。此外,由于仓鼠的植入物脱落是一个令人担忧的问题,我们还探讨了植入物脱落的雌性与未植入物脱落的雌性在年龄、机构、植入年份、植入位置或植入类型(肌肉内与皮下)方面是否存在差异。所有三种治疗条件的 pR 都有显著差异,其中未植入组的 pR 最高。取出植入物组的 pR 在 40 个月后稳定在 63%,而未植入物组的 pR 在 84 个月后稳定在 96%。如果不取出植入物,避孕后不会再生育(7.83-45.53 个月)。在未取出植入物组中,年龄较大和parous 女性的 pR 明显更高。在植入物脱落方面,我们发现植入物的放置方式与植入物脱落有显著相关性,例如,与皮下放置相比,肌肉内放置(IM)的植入物脱落更少。我们的研究结果表明,将 MGA 植入体植入肌内可能会减少损失。在防止丢失的情况下,MGA 植入体是一种有效的避孕方式,大多数人在取出后都能可靠地逆转。不过,如果不取出,植入物可防止生殖时间超过 2 年。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring the world-oldest zoo-housed male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): A case-study on pathway utilization. 监测世界上在动物园饲养时间最长的雄性大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca):路径利用案例研究。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21853
Iris Ziying Tan, Eszter Matrai, Paolo Martelli

Habitat use monitoring is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the biological and psychological requirements of animals under human care, facilitating improved exhibit designs and promoting animal welfare. Current studies focused on the space use of the exhibit while limited studies examined the pathway use of the zoo-housed animals. This study aimed to investigate the habitat use of An An, the world-oldest male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) at Ocean Park Hong Kong using a pathway utilization monitoring method. The result showed uneven utilization of pathways favoring the upper area near his den over the lower area which required longer walking in the hilly exhibit. Moreover, the comparisons of walking directions showed a preference for gentle slopes during uphill movement and a favor for steep slopes during downhill movement. Our study also compared the walking distance between uphill and downhill movements and the results showed that An An walked longer distances heading upward than moving downward due to his choice of pathways. Our results are in line with the findings in the wild population, showing a preference for gentle slopes, especially in uphill movement. Our study demonstrated the value of the pathway monitoring technique. Due to its easy and time-effective use, this technique can be incorporated into the care teams' operation, providing valuable information on daily activity (e.g. accessing the walking ability of the aged animals by investigating the pathway use and walking distance) and habitat use. Consequently, the pathway monitoring technique can help improve exhibit designs promoting welfare.

为了全面了解人类饲养动物的生理和心理需求,改进展品设计和促进动物福利,有必要对栖息地使用情况进行监测。目前的研究主要集中在展品的空间利用方面,而对动物园饲养动物的路径利用的研究还很有限。本研究旨在利用路径使用监测方法,调查香港海洋公园内世界上最年长的雄性大熊猫安安(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的栖息地使用情况。结果显示,大熊猫对路径的利用并不均衡,在山地展区,大熊猫更倾向于在靠近巢穴的上层区域活动,而非在需要较长时间步行的下层区域活动。此外,对行走方向的比较显示,在上坡时,动物更喜欢走缓坡,而在下坡时,则更喜欢走陡坡。我们的研究还比较了上坡和下坡运动的行走距离,结果显示,由于安安对路径的选择,他向上行走的距离比向下行走的距离要长。我们的研究结果与野生群体的研究结果一致,都表明安安喜欢缓坡,尤其是在上坡运动时。我们的研究证明了路径监测技术的价值。这项技术简单易用、省时省力,可纳入护理团队的工作中,为日常活动(例如,通过调查路径使用情况和行走距离来了解老年动物的行走能力)和栖息地使用情况提供有价值的信息。因此,路径监测技术有助于改进展览设计,促进动物福利。
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引用次数: 0
Rearing density and food variety impact growth, development, and survival of larvae in the declining amphibian, Pseudacris maculata. 饲养密度和食物种类对衰退的两栖动物斑腿伪尾柱虫幼虫的生长、发育和存活有影响。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21848
Jeffrey P Ethier, Megan Worth, Marc J Mazerolle, Vance L Trudeau

Boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata Agassiz 1850) are a widespread amphibian in North America, but several populations are in decline. Specifically, we are developing captive breeding and reintroduction methods for the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence-Canadian Shield population. Here we present the effects of tadpole density, food variety, and addition of supplemental minerals to rearing water on the growth, development, and survival during the larval and metamorph/juvenile stages. We conducted two experiments using a factorial design. We found that low tadpole density (1 vs. 2 tadpoles/L) and high food variety (five food items vs. three food items) significantly increased tadpole body length and Gosner stage after 2 weeks (p < .001), increased survival to metamorphosis (p < .001), decreased time to metamorphosis (p < .001), and increased weight after metamorphosis (p < .001). On average, tadpoles in the high density/low food treatment, compared to the low density/high food, were 25% smaller after 2 weeks, had 3.9× lower survival to metamorphosis, took 1.25× longer to reach metamorphosis, and weighed 1.5× less after metamorphosis. In contrast, neither density (0.5 vs. 1 tadpole/L) nor mineral supplemented water affected growth and development, but tadpole survival was higher at 1 tadpole/L. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of rearing boreal chorus frogs in captivity and provide guidelines for rearing this and similar species in a laboratory environment.

北方合唱蛙(Pseudacris maculata Agassiz 1850)是一种广泛分布于北美的两栖动物,但有几个种群正在减少。具体而言,我们正在为五大湖/圣劳伦斯-加拿大地盾种群开发人工繁殖和重新引入方法。在此,我们介绍了蝌蚪密度、食物种类以及在饲养水中添加补充矿物质对幼体和变态/幼体阶段的生长、发育和存活率的影响。我们采用因子设计进行了两次实验。我们发现,低蝌蚪密度(1 蝌蚪/L 与 2 蝌蚪/L)和高食物种类(5 种食物与 3 种食物)可显著增加蝌蚪的体长,并在 2 周后增加蝌蚪的 Gosner 阶段(p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Can you dig it? The impact of a movable substrate "dig pit" on naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) behavior and welfare. 你会挖吗?可移动基质 "挖坑 "对裸鼹鼠(Heterocephalus glaber)行为和福利的影响。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21854
Natasha K Wierzal, Lou Keeley, Mason Fidino, Katherine A Cronin

Zoos are often limited by exhibit design in the opportunities they can provide animals to express natural behaviors; however, the opportunity to perform certain natural behaviors is key to supporting good animal welfare. Traditionally, in zoos, naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are housed in gunite-lined acrylic chambers that replicate the look of their tunnel systems in the wild but don't offer the opportunity for natural digging and tunnel construction behaviors. In this study, naked mole rat behavior was evaluated when providing two different presentations of movable substrate added on to the original exhibit-a tank with loose substrate and a dig pit with hard-packed clay. We recorded 299 5-min focal observations with 30-s intervals and 30 group scans to understand behavioral changes across treatments (10 days of observation per treatment). Results were analyzed using Bayesian mixed models. Digging behavior emerged in both presentations of moveable substrate. A potential indicator of negative welfare, barrier-directed behavior, decreased when the mole rats had access to the tank of loose substrate. A potential indicator of positive welfare, exploratory behavior, increased with access to the dig pit when the mole rats had the opportunity to build tunnels. Additionally, affiliative social interactions increased, and aggressive interactions decreased with access to either presentation of movable substrate. The observed changes in colony behavior demonstrate that captive naked mole rats readily exhibited the natural behaviors of digging and tunnel building when the opportunity was presented, and the habitat modification likely improved naked mole rat welfare.

动物园在为动物提供表现自然行为的机会方面往往受到展品设计的限制;然而,有机会表现某些自然行为是支持良好动物福利的关键。传统上,动物园将裸鼹鼠(Heterocephalus glaber)饲养在砌有炮石的丙烯酸箱中,这种箱体复制了裸鼹鼠野外隧道系统的外观,但无法为其提供自然挖掘和建造隧道行为的机会。在这项研究中,我们对裸鼹鼠的行为进行了评估,在原有展品的基础上添加了两种不同的可移动基质--一种是装有松散基质的水箱,另一种是装有硬质粘土的挖掘坑。我们记录了 299 次间隔 30 秒的 5 分钟焦点观察和 30 次群体扫描,以了解不同处理(每次处理观察 10 天)的行为变化。结果采用贝叶斯混合模型进行分析。两种可移动基质都出现了挖掘行为。当鼹鼠有机会接触水箱中的松散基质时,消极福利的潜在指标--障碍导向行为--减少了。当鼹鼠有机会建造地道时,其积极福利的潜在指标--探索行为--会随着进入挖掘坑而增加。此外,隶属性社会互动增加,而攻击性互动则随着可移动基质的使用而减少。观察到的群体行为变化表明,圈养裸鼹鼠在有机会时很容易表现出挖掘和建造隧道的自然行为,栖息地的改造很可能会改善裸鼹鼠的福利。
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引用次数: 0
Notes on the Courtship and Captive Reproduction of the Southern Vietnam Box Turtle, Cuora picturata, at the Turtle Conservation Center in Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam. 越南 Cuc Phuong 国家公园海龟保护中心关于越南南部箱龟(Cuora picturata)求偶和人工繁殖的说明。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21858
Lauren Augustine, Chris Bednarski, Thuy Thu Nguyen, Hang Thi Ngoc Tran, Timothy McCormack, Nguyen Van Trinh

Endemic to only three known provinces in South Central Vietnam, Cuora picturata have faced extensive collection pressures for the food, medicinal, and pet trades. Further exacerbating their decline is the lack of protected areas where wild populations exist, with only one known population occurring within a protected area. With threats to wild populations persisting, the development of an assurance colony has been prioritized for C. picturata. The Asian Turtle Program of Indo-Myanmar Conservation has been operating the Turtle Conservation Center (TCC) in Cuc Phuong National Park since 1998. From 2020 to 2022, 24 C. picturata were acquired by the TCC from the illegal trade. With no ideal repatriation plan, these animals provided an opportunity for developing a captive assurance colony at the TCC to safeguard the species from extinction. As semi-aquatic species, box turtles in the genus Cuora are a unique group that shows variations in habitat use and behavior between species. Herein, we documented some specific courtship behaviors not yet described for C. picturata, providing insight into the unique reproductive behaviors of this species.

画眉草是越南中南部仅有的三个已知省份的特有物种,面临着被大量采集用于食用、药用和宠物贸易的压力。野生种群所在的保护区缺乏,仅有一个已知种群位于保护区内,这进一步加剧了其数量的下降。由于野生种群面临的威胁依然存在,为皮龟建立一个保证种群的工作已被列为优先事项。自 1998 年以来,印缅保护组织亚洲海龟项目一直在 Cuc Phuong 国家公园运营海龟保护中心(TCC)。从 2020 年到 2022 年,TCC 从非法贸易中收购了 24 只 C. picturata。由于没有理想的遣返计划,这些动物为在 TCC 建立圈养保证群落以保护该物种免遭灭绝提供了机会。作为半水生物种,盒龟属的盒龟是一个独特的群体,在栖息地利用和行为方面表现出物种间的差异。在这里,我们记录了一些尚未描述过的象龟求偶行为,为了解该物种独特的繁殖行为提供了线索。
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Zoo Biology
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