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Stress-strain state model of split-level foundation of multi-storey building on a slope (Tomsk) 托木斯克边坡多层建筑分层基础应力-应变状态模型
S. V. Yushchube, I. I. Podshivalov
Purpose: The aim of the work is to provide a computational justification for the correct use of the linear/nonlinear deformation model of split-level foundation and criteria for transition to a pile foundation in a multi-storey building on a slope. Methodology: The finite-element model of stress-strain state of slab and pile foundations of the multi-storey building on a slope is developed by using MicroFe software package. Research findings: In calculating the split-level foundation using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the service limit state conditions in vertical displacements and slope are not satisfied, and it is not recommended to use the slab foundation. Thus, the slab foundation analysis with the use of only the linear deformable foundation model is insufficient. The pile operation in the presence of lateral earth pressure is characterized by the fact that the contour piles on the opposite slope side are significantly overloaded as compared with other piles. In addition, longitudinal forces of contour piles in the linear design, exceed the permissible calculated load on piles and the service limit state conditions are not thus satisfied. Originality: The nonlinear pile operation, when the longitudinal force in the pile is limited by the value corresponding to the permissible design load, allows the pile foundation to meet the service limit state conditions.
目的:本工作的目的是为正确使用分层基础的线性/非线性变形模型和斜坡上多层建筑过渡到桩基础的准则提供计算依据。方法:利用MicroFe软件包建立斜坡上多层建筑板桩基础的应力-应变状态有限元模型。研究发现:在采用莫尔-库仑准则计算分层基础时,竖向位移和边坡的使用极限状态条件均不满足,不建议采用板基础。因此,仅使用线性变形基础模型进行板基础分析是不够的。在侧土压力作用下的桩的运行特点是,相对于其他桩,坡对面的等高线桩的过载显著。此外,直线设计中轮廓桩的纵向力超过桩的允许计算荷载,不满足使用极限状态条件。独创性:桩的非线性运行,当桩内纵向力被限定在允许设计荷载所对应的值时,使桩基础满足使用极限状态条件。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between consistency and compaction of clay soils (Saint-Petersburg) 粘土质稠度与压实度的关系(圣彼得堡)
S. G. Kolmogorov, P. L. Klemyatsionok, S. S. Kolmogorova
Clay soils are often found under building foundations, construction properties of which depend on many factors. One of them is the natural soil compaction, which is relevant in the construction classification of soils. This paper analyzes the relationship between the consistency and compaction of clay soils of different genesis and consistency using the Priklonskii soil compaction index. Water saturation of clay soil affects the relative discrepancy between the consistency coefficient and compaction index for soils of different genesis and consistency. It is noted that for soils with the water saturation coefficient lower than one, the consistency coefficient differs from the compaction index. This difference increases with decreasing water saturation coefficient. It is essential that significant differences can also appear when the water saturation coefficient is equal to 0.95 or more, approaching to unity. It is shown that the assessment of the natural compaction of clay soils should be based on their formation conditions. A study of various genetic types of clay soils affecting natural densification and consistency provides a reasonable approach to use of soil densification in the construction classification of soils.
粘土通常存在于建筑地基下,其结构特性取决于许多因素。其中一种是自然土壤压实,这与土壤的施工分类有关。本文利用Priklonskii土壤压实指数分析了不同成因黏性土的黏度与压实度之间的关系。粘土含水饱和度影响不同成因和稠度土壤稠度系数和压实指数的相对差异。当饱和水系数小于1时,稠度系数与压实指数不同。这种差异随着含水饱和度系数的减小而增大。重要的是,当含水饱和度系数等于0.95或更大时,也会出现显著差异,趋于一致。结果表明,对粘土自然压实的评价应以其形成条件为依据。研究粘土的各种成因类型对自然密实度和稠度的影响,为土壤密实度在结构分类中的应用提供了合理的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Design of effluent storage tanks in Arctic conditions (Tyumen, Tomsk) 北极条件下污水储存罐的设计(秋明,托木斯克)
D. A. Suglobov, E. I. Vyalkova, E. Yu. Osipova
Purpose: The development of the Arctic settlements’ infrastructure is associated with the installation of the modern water supply and sanitation systems. Low air temperatures and permafrost soils significantly complicate the construction and operation of tanks designed for effluent collection and storage. Approach: For the effective energy saving, pre-design heat engineering calculations are conducted for effluent storage tanks with PPS thermal insulation. Research findings: Calculation techniques and results are compared, which served as a basis for the construction of calculation diagrams. Practical implications: The obtained dependences allow to rapidly and accurately determine the heat loss when the tank is completely or partially filled with water. Originality/value: This study will considerably facilitate the decision-making process at the design stage of facilities locating in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
目的:北极住区基础设施的发展与现代供水和卫生系统的安装有关。低温和永久冻土使污水收集和储存罐的建造和运行变得非常复杂。方法:为有效节能,对采用PPS保温的污水储罐进行设计前热工计算。研究成果:比较了计算技术和计算结果,为构建计算图提供了依据。实际意义:所获得的依赖关系允许快速准确地确定当水箱完全或部分充满水时的热损失。原创性/价值:这项研究将大大促进亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区设施设计阶段的决策过程。
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引用次数: 0
Design of effluent storage tanks in Arctic conditions (Tyumen, Tomsk) 北极条件下污水储存罐的设计(秋明,托木斯克)
G. V. Pushkareva, D. D. Khalturin
The street and road network of large cities designed for 180–200 cars per 1000 people, does not meet modern requirements of convenience and safety of traffic flows and pedestrians. This problem is especially urgent for the local street-road network, since accidents occur at unregulated intersections. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to improve the traffic efficiency at unsignalized intersections of the local street-road network with the use of modern traffic calming methods. Methodology/approach: Statistical processing of the data on traffic accidents in Tomsk for the last 6 years. Brief description of mini-ring intersections in the world practice. Research findings: Statistical processing of data on traffic accidents in Tomsk shows that the greatest number of accidents with severe consequences is characteristic to the regions with historical buildings, large number of streets with significant tortuosity and limited visibility at unsignalized intersections. Traffic safety at unsignalized intersections can be addressed at no significant cost by using traffic calming techniques that are widely used around the world. Traffic calming measures reduce traffic speeds both at unsignalized intersections and cross-walks, schools and child care facilities. The effect of the method is achieved by visually and physically discouraging high speed driving at the required locations. In order to reduce the accident rate directly at intersections, the traffic pattern must be changed at the intersection, in particular, the diameter of mini-rings must be not over 4 m. The foreign experience in implementing mini-ring intersections convincingly proves their high efficiency as a means of improving traffic safety. Value: Calculation models for the capacity of unregulated intersections and mini-rings are analyzed. Recommendations are given to the application of traffic calming methods and miniring intersections in Tomsk.
大城市的街道和道路网络设计为每1000人180-200辆汽车,不能满足现代交通流和行人的便利性和安全性要求。由于事故发生在不受管制的十字路口,这个问题对当地的街道-道路网络来说尤为紧迫。目的:本文的目的是利用现代交通平静化方法提高局部街道-道路网无信号交叉口的交通效率。方法/方法:对托木斯克过去6年的交通事故数据进行统计处理。简述了微型环形交叉口在世界范围内的实践情况。研究发现:对托木斯克交通事故数据进行统计处理后发现,历史建筑较多、弯度较大的街道较多、无信号交叉口能见度较低的地区,事故数量最多,后果严重。通过使用在世界范围内广泛使用的交通平静技术,可以在没有显著成本的情况下解决无信号交叉口的交通安全问题。交通减速措施降低了无信号路口、人行横道、学校和儿童保育设施的交通速度。该方法的效果是通过视觉和物理上阻止在所需位置的高速驾驶来实现的。为了直接降低交叉路口的事故率,必须改变交叉路口的交通格局,特别是迷你环的直径不能超过4米。国外实施迷你环形交叉口的经验充分证明了其作为提高交通安全手段的高效率。值:分析了非规范交叉口和迷你环通行能力的计算模型。提出了在托木斯克应用交通平静化方法和采矿交叉路口的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of excavation depth on the interaction between barrette and subgrade soil (Moscow) 开挖深度对发卡与路基土相互作用的影响(莫斯科)
N. Z. Gotman, Trung Hieu Le
Barrette is a type of piles used in the construction of high-rise buildings on soft soils, as an additional option of bored piles. It is shown that the use of barrettes activates the search for new ways to improve the design quality of foundations, in particular the development of new calculation methods. The paper analyses the computational results of the interaction between long length barrette and subgrade soil at different excavation depths. Methodology: The numerical analysis combined with analogy; numerical simulation based on PLAXIS 3D geotechnical software for the elastic-plastic model of hard and soft soils. Comparison and analysis of numerical simulation data on the barrette interaction and bearing capacity. Findings: Data obtained for excavations of different depths are compared and analyzed. It is evident that piles with greater excavation depth in the considered soil conditions, always have greater bearing capacity and less settlement. The soil bearing capacity can be defined as the barrette load at 40 mm settlement by analogy with in-situ barrette tests. Based on the calculation results, load-settlement plots are given for loading at different excavation depth. It is shown that zones of plastic deformation appear on the lateral surface of the barrette, which is the reason for the settlement growth. Conclusion: The proposed computational model confirms the research results based on the state standard 22.13330.2016 " Building Foundations". The excavation depth affects both bearing capacity and vertical settlement of the barrette. Further research based on numerical calculations and experimental and theoretical data will allow to develop new calculation methods and increase the efficiency of design solutions.
巴雷特桩是一种用于在软土上建造高层建筑的桩,是钻孔桩的一种附加选择。结果表明,发夹的使用激发了对提高基础设计质量的新途径的探索,特别是新的计算方法的发展。本文分析了不同开挖深度下长发卡与路基土相互作用的计算结果。方法:数值分析与类比相结合;基于PLAXIS三维岩土工程软件对软、硬土弹塑性模型进行数值模拟。发夹相互作用与承载力数值模拟数据的对比分析。研究结果:对不同深度的挖掘数据进行了比较和分析。可见,在考虑的土体条件下,开挖深度越大的桩具有更大的承载力和更小的沉降。通过类比原位试验,将土的承载力定义为沉降40mm时的弹夹荷载。根据计算结果,给出了不同开挖深度下的荷载-沉降图。结果表明,发卡侧表面出现了塑性变形区,这是导致沉降增大的原因。结论:所建立的计算模型符合国家标准22.13330.2016《建筑基础》的研究结果。开挖深度对发卡的承载力和竖向沉降均有影响。基于数值计算以及实验和理论数据的进一步研究将允许开发新的计算方法并提高设计解决方案的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral pyrometry of non-metallic materials at plasma heating, melting and cooling (Tomsk) 非金属材料在等离子体加热、熔化和冷却时的光谱高温测定(托木斯克)
V. V. Shekhovtsov
Spectral pyrometry of non-metallic materials under plasma heating, melting and cooling is used in nanotechnology, medicine, energy, metallurgy and other industries, where accurate temperature control is required during processing various materials. Purpose: The aim of this work is to create new spectral pyrometry technique for temperature measurement in difficult conditions of material processing and synthesis, such as plasma heating, melting and cooling of non-metallic materials. Methodology/approach: Small-sized spectrometers for diagnostics of heating, melting and cooling of the quartz target using the plasma jet. HPCS300 Mini Spectrometer with the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is used to determine the color temperature of the reference radiation source and for fiber optic calibration. The STS-VIS Microspectrometer based on a 1024×1 element CCD photodetector array with the wavelength range of 350 to 800 nm is used to record the emission spectrum of the object. Research findings: Improvement of production processes, fuel and material cost reduction, increase in the efficiency of plants and equipment, reliability and quality improvement of the final product. Value: During the plasma jet and quartz target interaction, three stages are observed: surface deformation, stable temperature of heating, and cooling of the condensed material with phase-transition points of liquid–pyroplastic–solid states.
非金属材料在等离子体加热、熔化和冷却条件下的光谱热测量技术应用于纳米技术、医药、能源、冶金等行业,这些行业在加工各种材料时需要精确的温度控制。目的:为非金属材料的等离子体加热、熔化和冷却等材料加工和合成困难条件下的温度测量建立新的光谱热分析法。方法/方法:小型光谱仪,用于使用等离子体射流诊断石英目标的加热、熔化和冷却。HPCS300微型光谱仪,波长范围380 ~ 780 nm,用于确定参考辐射源的色温和光纤校准。采用1024×1单元CCD光电探测器阵列的STS-VIS微谱仪,波长范围为350 ~ 800 nm,记录目标的发射光谱。研究成果:改进生产工艺,降低燃料和材料成本,提高工厂和设备的效率,提高最终产品的可靠性和质量。数值:在等离子体射流与石英靶相互作用过程中,观察到凝聚态材料表面变形、加热温度稳定和冷却三个阶段,相变点为液-热塑-固相。
{"title":"Spectral pyrometry of non-metallic materials at plasma heating, melting and cooling (Tomsk)","authors":"V. V. Shekhovtsov","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-95-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-95-107","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral pyrometry of non-metallic materials under plasma heating, melting and cooling is used in nanotechnology, medicine, energy, metallurgy and other industries, where accurate temperature control is required during processing various materials. Purpose: The aim of this work is to create new spectral pyrometry technique for temperature measurement in difficult conditions of material processing and synthesis, such as plasma heating, melting and cooling of non-metallic materials. Methodology/approach: Small-sized spectrometers for diagnostics of heating, melting and cooling of the quartz target using the plasma jet. HPCS300 Mini Spectrometer with the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm is used to determine the color temperature of the reference radiation source and for fiber optic calibration. The STS-VIS Microspectrometer based on a 1024×1 element CCD photodetector array with the wavelength range of 350 to 800 nm is used to record the emission spectrum of the object. Research findings: Improvement of production processes, fuel and material cost reduction, increase in the efficiency of plants and equipment, reliability and quality improvement of the final product. Value: During the plasma jet and quartz target interaction, three stages are observed: surface deformation, stable temperature of heating, and cooling of the condensed material with phase-transition points of liquid–pyroplastic–solid states.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"9 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inclusion of new architecture in historical environment of Tomsk (Tomsk) 托木斯克历史环境中的新建筑(托木斯克)
Yu. A. Stoyak
Purpose: The aim of this work is to highlight issues relating to the introduction of new objects into the historical environment of Tomsk. Methodology/approach: Critical analysis of the scientific literature, comparative and analysis of architecture, system and structural analysis of information. A study of theoretical works of architects devoted to the urban architecture; assessment of architectural impact on a person; field research. Research findings: Key aspects are identified for the interaction between modern structures and objects of historical and architectural environment. The analysis is presented for the Tomsk development at the historical center. Practical implications: The possibility of using the obtained results in training of architecture students and in practical activity of architects. The application of new construction methods in the historical environment to Tomsk architecture.
目的:这项工作的目的是强调有关将新对象引入托木斯克历史环境的问题。方法论/方法:科学文献的批判性分析,建筑的比较和分析,信息的系统和结构分析。对致力于城市建筑的建筑师理论作品的研究;评估建筑对人的影响;领域的研究。研究成果:确定了现代建筑与历史建筑环境之间相互作用的关键方面。分析了托木斯克在历史中心的发展。实践意义:在建筑学生的培训和建筑师的实践活动中使用所获得的结果的可能性。托木斯克建筑在历史环境中的新建筑方法应用。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of the best available techniques in water utilization on water management site of the river Tom (Tomsk, Novosibirsk) 汤姆河(新西伯利亚托木斯克)水管理区最佳水资源利用技术的效率
A. M. Adam, O. D. Lukashevich, G. I. Mershina
The modern system of water resource management is based on the principles of best available techniques (BAT) in economy and other activities. It implies rational use of natural resources, their protection from harmful effects, creation of the integrated system for the natural resource–economy system. Shortcomings of the economic regulation in water management can be overcome by intensifying the transition to technological regulation via BAT. At present, the first stage of the implementing this system in Russia is completed in the field of environmental protection to minimize the negative environmental impact, including water resource management. The paper analyzes practical activities of water users to assess its effectiveness for the years 2019–2021 on the example of the Tom river from Kemerovo to its mouth in the Tomsk region. Positive trends in water quality are described. The development of the water-ecological situation in the study area is predicted. The obtained results will allow optimizing the water use in the region.
现代水资源管理制度是以经济和其他活动中的最佳可用技术原则为基础的。它意味着合理利用自然资源,保护自然资源免受有害影响,建立自然资源-经济体系的综合体系。通过BAT加强向技术规制的过渡,可以克服水管理中经济规制的不足。目前,俄罗斯在环境保护领域完成了该系统实施的第一阶段,以尽量减少对环境的负面影响,包括水资源管理。本文以托木斯克地区从克麦罗沃到河口的汤姆河为例,分析了水用户的实际活动,以评估其2019-2021年的有效性。描述了水质的积极趋势。对研究区水生态状况的发展进行了预测。所得结果将有助于优化该地区的用水。
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引用次数: 0
Generative adversarial network as a basis for intelligent model of imaging architectural objects based on textual description (Kemerovo, Tomsk) 生成对抗网络作为基于文本描述的建筑对象成像智能模型的基础(克麦罗沃,托木斯克)
P. A. Pylov, A. V. Dyagileva, E. A. Nikolaeva, R. V. Maitak, T. A. Shalygina
Вывод: рассматриваемая автоматизирующая система позволит существенно сократить временные, человеческие и денежные ресурсы, требуемые для разработки проекта будущего здания. Перенести в английский вариант Due to the high technology integrated into a person's daily life (smart house), this topic is relevant. One of elements of generative adversarial network is robot vacuum cleaners of various surface. Difficulties caused by this technique largely depend on the environment in which it locates. Purpose: The development of the convolutional neural network concept allowing real-time distinguishing between the building interior and exterior. Practical implication: The proposed intelligent system can distinguish between the building interior and exterior, that will considerably improve the firmware performance of modern technology in both the domestic and industrial segments.
Вывод: рассматриваемая автоматизирующая система позволит существенно сократить временные, человеческие и денежные ресурсы, требуемые для разработки проекта будущего здания.由于高科技已融入人们的日常生活(智能家居),因此本课题具有现实意义。生成式对抗网络的要素之一是各种表面的机器人吸尘器。这种技术所造成的困难在很大程度上取决于它所处的环境。目的:开发卷积神经网络概念,实时区分建筑物内部和外部。实际意义:建议的智能系统可以区分建筑物内部和外部,这将大大提高现代技术在家庭和工业领域的固件性能。
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引用次数: 0
Main design aspects of modern river boat stations (the Rostov-on-Don case studies) (Rostov-on-Don) 现代河船站的主要设计方面(顿河畔罗斯托夫案例研究)(顿河畔罗斯托夫)
E. S. Zhukova, V. M. Molchanov
The design relevance of the river boat station in the city of Rostov-on-Don is determined by the development of the left bank territories in the central part of the city, the need to solve transport problems (unloading of land routes), and recreational potential of the Don water area. Purpose: Identification of development principles of the architectural and planning model for the modern river transport facility in Rostov-on-Don. Research findings: Based on the world experience in design and construction of such facilities, the main design aspects are determined for river stations regarding their functional, planning, architectural, structural and regional factors. Value: The development of conceptual model of the modern river transport facility in Rostov-on-Don.
顿河畔罗斯托夫(Rostov-on-Don)河船站的设计相关性是由城市中部左岸地区的发展、解决交通问题(陆路卸货)的需求以及顿河水域的娱乐潜力决定的。目的:确定顿河畔罗斯托夫现代河流运输设施的建筑和规划模式的发展原则。研究成果:根据国际上此类设施的设计和建设经验,从功能、规划、建筑、结构和区域等方面确定了河站的主要设计方面。价值:顿河畔罗斯托夫现代河流运输设施概念模型的开发。
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引用次数: 0
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