Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-38-52
T. S. Khakimova
Due to the growing interest in the country's resources, including territories, it is worth paying attention to historical settlements, i. e., potential tourist, recreational, cultural objects, integral components of regional, group and district settlement systems, territories with cultural heritage objects. The article considers historical settlements in Kazan and Kama agglomerations of the Re-public of Tatarstan. The purpose of the study is to determine the historical settlement position on the territory of these agglomerations. Research is based on practice, data from the state statistics service, cartographic materials, documents on territorial planning of the region, municipalities as part of agglomerations, field studies. Methods of analysis, historical and archival documents, cartographic analysis, field studies are applied. The functioning of historical settlements on the territory of Kazan and Kama agglomerations is investigated. The article defines problems and tasks of including historical settlements in the functional framework of the territory.
{"title":"Historical settlements on territories of Kazan and Kama agglomerations (Kazan)","authors":"T. S. Khakimova","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-38-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-38-52","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growing interest in the country's resources, including territories, it is worth paying attention to historical settlements, i. e., potential tourist, recreational, cultural objects, integral components of regional, group and district settlement systems, territories with cultural heritage objects. The article considers historical settlements in Kazan and Kama agglomerations of the Re-public of Tatarstan. The purpose of the study is to determine the historical settlement position on the territory of these agglomerations. Research is based on practice, data from the state statistics service, cartographic materials, documents on territorial planning of the region, municipalities as part of agglomerations, field studies. Methods of analysis, historical and archival documents, cartographic analysis, field studies are applied. The functioning of historical settlements on the territory of Kazan and Kama agglomerations is investigated. The article defines problems and tasks of including historical settlements in the functional framework of the territory.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"35 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-53-67
G. V. Okeanov
Unique buildings reflect a social demand for innovative urban space organization, new perspectives of human activities, and growing need for a safe and favorable environment. Architectural design of unique buildings, especially at early stages, is complicated by uncertainty of functional tasks, absence of regulatory requirements, and necessity for significant modifications during the process. The design experience of stadiums for 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia shows the development of a productive creative idea. The development of this typology is identified by a comprehensive analysis of the architectural heritage and scientific literature. Requirements of international sports organizations for spatial and planning solutions of sports arenas are summarized herein, which form the basis of the Russian construction standardization. Recommendations are provided for the architectural concept preservation.
{"title":"Unique architecture in conditions of conflicting objectives and subjective factors (stadium case studies) (Moscow)","authors":"G. V. Okeanov","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-53-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-53-67","url":null,"abstract":"Unique buildings reflect a social demand for innovative urban space organization, new perspectives of human activities, and growing need for a safe and favorable environment. Architectural design of unique buildings, especially at early stages, is complicated by uncertainty of functional tasks, absence of regulatory requirements, and necessity for significant modifications during the process. The design experience of stadiums for 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia shows the development of a productive creative idea. The development of this typology is identified by a comprehensive analysis of the architectural heritage and scientific literature. Requirements of international sports organizations for spatial and planning solutions of sports arenas are summarized herein, which form the basis of the Russian construction standardization. Recommendations are provided for the architectural concept preservation.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-108-119
E. A. Ivanova, V. V. Penyavskii
The problem of energy saving is relevant nowadays. Great attention is especially paid to improving the energy efficiency of different building envelopes, since the heat consumption is a significant part of total costs for utility needs. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study the state of the building envelopes nearby the outer corner. Research findings: Methods of reduction of the negative impact of the thermal bypass nearby the corner manifest themselves in condensation, mold, and subsequently lead to the envelope destruction. The use of insulated bevel edge leads to better results than that without insulation. But the minimum dew point temperature remains at corners and does not exceed 13.5 °C. Only in this case, the minimum dew point temperature moves to bevel edges. Value: The thermal bypass (outer corner) effect on the temperature field of its inner surface is studied. Three wall thicknesses are investigated: 510, 640, and 770 mm. It is shown that in all cases the corner temperature decreases below the dew point temperature.
{"title":"Thermal protection improvement of building envelope near external corner (Tomsk)","authors":"E. A. Ivanova, V. V. Penyavskii","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-108-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-108-119","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of energy saving is relevant nowadays. Great attention is especially paid to improving the energy efficiency of different building envelopes, since the heat consumption is a significant part of total costs for utility needs. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study the state of the building envelopes nearby the outer corner. Research findings: Methods of reduction of the negative impact of the thermal bypass nearby the corner manifest themselves in condensation, mold, and subsequently lead to the envelope destruction. The use of insulated bevel edge leads to better results than that without insulation. But the minimum dew point temperature remains at corners and does not exceed 13.5 °C. Only in this case, the minimum dew point temperature moves to bevel edges. Value: The thermal bypass (outer corner) effect on the temperature field of its inner surface is studied. Three wall thicknesses are investigated: 510, 640, and 770 mm. It is shown that in all cases the corner temperature decreases below the dew point temperature.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"24 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-23-37
Kh. V. Mitsaeva, E. N. Polyakov
Intensive urbanization limits the available space for children, sphere of cognitive activity and contacts with the world. It is therefore necessary to create multifunctional outdoor playgrounds playing an important role in the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents as well as contribute to their social adaptation to the environment. Purpose: The study of modern approaches to and innovations in the design of children's playgrounds to create safe, diverse and appropriate play spaces. Methodology: The analysis of playground design trends, which includes the literature review and assessment of socio-cultural and environmental factors affecting the design and creation of modern playgrounds. Research findings: Key factors and methods are determined to create modern and safe playgrounds taking into account current needs and opinions of children, climatic conditions, and the importance of creating the natural and barrier-free environment for disabled children. Value: The paper studies the modern domestic and foreign experience in the design and construction of children's playgrounds, highlights the latest trends in their function and composition. The paper presents playgrounds for children (3–14 years), their improvement with respect to modern landscape elements and spatial structures.
{"title":"Modern design trends in children's playgrounds (Tomsk)","authors":"Kh. V. Mitsaeva, E. N. Polyakov","doi":"10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-23-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-5-23-37","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive urbanization limits the available space for children, sphere of cognitive activity and contacts with the world. It is therefore necessary to create multifunctional outdoor playgrounds playing an important role in the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents as well as contribute to their social adaptation to the environment. Purpose: The study of modern approaches to and innovations in the design of children's playgrounds to create safe, diverse and appropriate play spaces. Methodology: The analysis of playground design trends, which includes the literature review and assessment of socio-cultural and environmental factors affecting the design and creation of modern playgrounds. Research findings: Key factors and methods are determined to create modern and safe playgrounds taking into account current needs and opinions of children, climatic conditions, and the importance of creating the natural and barrier-free environment for disabled children. Value: The paper studies the modern domestic and foreign experience in the design and construction of children's playgrounds, highlights the latest trends in their function and composition. The paper presents playgrounds for children (3–14 years), their improvement with respect to modern landscape elements and spatial structures.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-84-94
D. V. Devyatiyarov, N. V. Melnik
The article deals with the English Internet comments viewed as non-professional political discourse of everyday network communication. In these comments the videos on the legitimacy crisis in Libya in the early 2010s are discussed. Considering the array of commentary texts as a conceptual system, we study the non-professional political discourse related to the Libyan crisis in terms of frame analysis. Since the consequences of this crisis are felt in the world politics to this day, the users keep commenting on it regularly, it makes it possible to study the dynamics of the conceptual discursive structures. For the purpose we chose frames as mental models that allow us to study linguistic consciousness by dividing texts into fragments reflecting the accumulated knowledge and experience of a person about stereotypical situations. Frame modeling is carried out with the help of the FrameNet frame base. Variants of frame models constructed through the analysis of the network discursive material, are called network frames. The study of comments relating to different periods of time allows us to identify the dynamics of the changes in the structure and content of the key frames that describe the legitimacy crisis in Libya.
{"title":"Structural Dynamics of Network Frames in the Context of the Legitimacy Crisis in Libyan Jamahiriya (based on the Internet comments)","authors":"D. V. Devyatiyarov, N. V. Melnik","doi":"10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-84-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-84-94","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the English Internet comments viewed as non-professional political discourse of everyday network communication. In these comments the videos on the legitimacy crisis in Libya in the early 2010s are discussed. Considering the array of commentary texts as a conceptual system, we study the non-professional political discourse related to the Libyan crisis in terms of frame analysis. Since the consequences of this crisis are felt in the world politics to this day, the users keep commenting on it regularly, it makes it possible to study the dynamics of the conceptual discursive structures. For the purpose we chose frames as mental models that allow us to study linguistic consciousness by dividing texts into fragments reflecting the accumulated knowledge and experience of a person about stereotypical situations. Frame modeling is carried out with the help of the FrameNet frame base. Variants of frame models constructed through the analysis of the network discursive material, are called network frames. The study of comments relating to different periods of time allows us to identify the dynamics of the changes in the structure and content of the key frames that describe the legitimacy crisis in Libya.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-45-57
I. V. Selivanova
Politicians and public figures seek to actively use verbal strategies and tactics in order to influence the views and values of the audience and, if necessary, transform its worldview. That is why, the impact of discourse always remains a relevant topic and is a promising and actively developing field in modern linguistics. It is widely known that the ways we think and talk about a subject or a fact influence and reflect the ways we act in relation to that subject. The discourse of power can have both a direct impact through direct speech acts (laws, orders, instructions), and an indirect one, i.e. it can convince the audience through arguments, examples and other rhetorical means that increase the possibility of speech impact. At present, state leaders, in their maintaining power, mostly appeal to public consciousness, in which case factual information loses its significance and content conceptual information becomes more important, revealing the speaker’s attitude towards realities of socio-economic and political life of the country. Within the framework of this paper, we have analyzed communicative strategies in public discourse of the Spanish monarch Felipe VI (from 2014 to 2022) aimed at his maintaining power . As a result of the analysis, we have revealed that, firstly, the interpretation strategy is a conventional resource in the King’s public discourse because of the need of the Spanish Crown to influence the way the internal and external audiences interpret events and facts. Secondly, the strategy of evoking an emotional mood is fundamental in the current context as it helps the monarch unite the Spanish society on common values and awaken their patriotic feelings. Thirdly, nowadays, due to the problems of modern Spain in general and the Crown in particular, the King’s speeches are more emotionally charged in order to demonstrate his empathy and desire to share his feelings and emotional experiences, which contributes to building a trusting relationship with the nation and creating a situation of mutual understanding.
{"title":"Verbal Strategies for Maintaining Power in Public Discourse of the Spanish Monarchy","authors":"I. V. Selivanova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-45-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-45-57","url":null,"abstract":"Politicians and public figures seek to actively use verbal strategies and tactics in order to influence the views and values of the audience and, if necessary, transform its worldview. That is why, the impact of discourse always remains a relevant topic and is a promising and actively developing field in modern linguistics. It is widely known that the ways we think and talk about a subject or a fact influence and reflect the ways we act in relation to that subject. The discourse of power can have both a direct impact through direct speech acts (laws, orders, instructions), and an indirect one, i.e. it can convince the audience through arguments, examples and other rhetorical means that increase the possibility of speech impact. At present, state leaders, in their maintaining power, mostly appeal to public consciousness, in which case factual information loses its significance and content conceptual information becomes more important, revealing the speaker’s attitude towards realities of socio-economic and political life of the country. Within the framework of this paper, we have analyzed communicative strategies in public discourse of the Spanish monarch Felipe VI (from 2014 to 2022) aimed at his maintaining power . As a result of the analysis, we have revealed that, firstly, the interpretation strategy is a conventional resource in the King’s public discourse because of the need of the Spanish Crown to influence the way the internal and external audiences interpret events and facts. Secondly, the strategy of evoking an emotional mood is fundamental in the current context as it helps the monarch unite the Spanish society on common values and awaken their patriotic feelings. Thirdly, nowadays, due to the problems of modern Spain in general and the Crown in particular, the King’s speeches are more emotionally charged in order to demonstrate his empathy and desire to share his feelings and emotional experiences, which contributes to building a trusting relationship with the nation and creating a situation of mutual understanding.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"87 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-95-105
P. A. Kovalev
Modern linguistics pays more and more attention to the issues of political discourse as a communicative activity that attracts a large amount of public attention. Politicians’ campaign speeches, widely studied by public relations specialists, are an effective tool for promoting certain ideas during election campaigns and events. This approach is especially common in the United States of America where political figures running for a particular post often make monologue campaign speeches on the national television and/or directly in front of the voters. From a linguistic point of view, the question how various linguistic means of expressing an intentional orientation are implemented in pre-election campaign speeches of prominent US politicians seems to be a most interesting one. The purpose of this article is to consider the phenomenon of speech intention in the context of monological campaign speeches in the discourse of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, as well as to identify intentional patterns in their public speech construction. The object of the study is the intentionality of the political figures’ speech behavior as the most important factor in their speech interaction with the audience. A selection of monologue speeches by politicians during the 2020 election campaigns were used as material for the study. One of our objectives is to identify the specificity of the use of intentional vocabulary, grammatical and stylistic means that contribute to the expression of the intentional component by the chosen US politicians in their campaign monologues. The author of the article believes that the intentionality of the American politicians’ speech behavior presupposes a pragmatic effect on the mass recipient. At the same time, the addressee, whether s/he is an ordinary voter or a linguist, must be able to decode the intentions of the addressor, realized by him/her through the intentional speech behavior.
{"title":"Intentionality and Its Representation in Monologue Campaign Speeches within the Framework of the US 2020 Election Discourse","authors":"P. A. Kovalev","doi":"10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-95-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-95-105","url":null,"abstract":"Modern linguistics pays more and more attention to the issues of political discourse as a communicative activity that attracts a large amount of public attention. Politicians’ campaign speeches, widely studied by public relations specialists, are an effective tool for promoting certain ideas during election campaigns and events. This approach is especially common in the United States of America where political figures running for a particular post often make monologue campaign speeches on the national television and/or directly in front of the voters. From a linguistic point of view, the question how various linguistic means of expressing an intentional orientation are implemented in pre-election campaign speeches of prominent US politicians seems to be a most interesting one. The purpose of this article is to consider the phenomenon of speech intention in the context of monological campaign speeches in the discourse of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, as well as to identify intentional patterns in their public speech construction. The object of the study is the intentionality of the political figures’ speech behavior as the most important factor in their speech interaction with the audience. A selection of monologue speeches by politicians during the 2020 election campaigns were used as material for the study. One of our objectives is to identify the specificity of the use of intentional vocabulary, grammatical and stylistic means that contribute to the expression of the intentional component by the chosen US politicians in their campaign monologues. The author of the article believes that the intentionality of the American politicians’ speech behavior presupposes a pragmatic effect on the mass recipient. At the same time, the addressee, whether s/he is an ordinary voter or a linguist, must be able to decode the intentions of the addressor, realized by him/her through the intentional speech behavior.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-5-16
O. A. Boginskaya
The communicative features of academic discourse have been explored from different perspectives. However, these studies have been predominantly carried out on English-language material. Little is known of how rhetorical elements, including stancetaking markers, are used in Russian academic prose. The сurrent study assumed that in order to ensure effective communication academic writers use a repertoire of stancetaking features. The theoretical basis of the study is Hyland’s model of stance markers which is frequently used in studying interactional strategies found in academic discourse. As research material the articles by Russian engineering scholars derived from six academic journals were used. The analysis revealed a large number of stance items with a predominance of boosters in the article introductions selected to build the corpus. It is suggested that the differences in the employment of stance markers identified in the study reflect discipline-specific writing peculiarities of the engineering academic community, while the discursive choices made by engineering writers are constrained by discursive conventions and depend on the level of the writers’ language proficiency. Despite some data limitations, the research results can be seen as a starting point for the future research of stancetaking in Russian research articles from different perspectives.
{"title":"Tentativeness vs Assertiveness: Metadiscourse Choices of Russian Engineering Writers","authors":"O. A. Boginskaya","doi":"10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"The communicative features of academic discourse have been explored from different perspectives. However, these studies have been predominantly carried out on English-language material. Little is known of how rhetorical elements, including stancetaking markers, are used in Russian academic prose. The сurrent study assumed that in order to ensure effective communication academic writers use a repertoire of stancetaking features. The theoretical basis of the study is Hyland’s model of stance markers which is frequently used in studying interactional strategies found in academic discourse. As research material the articles by Russian engineering scholars derived from six academic journals were used. The analysis revealed a large number of stance items with a predominance of boosters in the article introductions selected to build the corpus. It is suggested that the differences in the employment of stance markers identified in the study reflect discipline-specific writing peculiarities of the engineering academic community, while the discursive choices made by engineering writers are constrained by discursive conventions and depend on the level of the writers’ language proficiency. Despite some data limitations, the research results can be seen as a starting point for the future research of stancetaking in Russian research articles from different perspectives.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-132-146
V. A. Afanasev
This article is concerned with translation issues of The Song of Earendil by J. R. R. Tolkien, the poem included in The Lord of the Ring s and incorporated into the narrative with Bilbo as the internal author and Frodo as the listener. The first part of the research provides detailed analysis of the poem contextual role as well as its perception by the characters and the reader. Imbued with various details and proper names, The Song highlights Еarendil’s voyage, one of the most essential narratives in Tolkien’s mythology (the Legendarium), however left beyond the bounds of The Lord of the Rings and not completely understood by the reader or Frodo, for the latter is listening to the Song being in a most peculiar, dreamlike state of mind evoked by elven singing he previously attends to. Frodo’s mood correlates not only and not so much with the poem’s narrative, but with its style and poetic features, especially the verse form and the rhyme scheme. The latter uses triple assonances as additional rhyme, connecting the clauses of the odd lines with the first halves of the subsequent even lines and bringing forth a notably melodical, ‘elvish’ impression. In this respect, the verse form of The Song of Earendil takes on particular importance in relation to poetic translation; and retaining the main metrical and phonoaesthetic features of the poem seems necessary for achieving translation equivalence as well as maintaining the effect derived from the context of the novel. These features are considered using the example of four Russian translations of the Song (by A. A. Kistyakovsky, I. B. Grinshpun, S. A. Stepanov, and V. G. Tikhomirov). Comparative analysis of these translations shows a tendency for the translators to change the verse form significantly either by using more fluent rhyme schemes and stanzaic structures (as Kistyakovsky or Tikhomirov do), or by simplification (e.g. Grinshpun) and neutralisation of some other poetic features (like the use of proper names). The most consistent, although partial, representation of the original poetic form, can be found in Stepanov’s translation only. As for some other translation solutions regarding verse form and vocabulary, they appear to be non-equivalent. At the end of the article, the author presents his own translation of The Song of Еarendil , aimed at retaining the above listed features of its poetic form.
本文主要研究托尔金的《埃伦迪尔之歌》的翻译问题，这首诗收录在《指环王》中，以比尔博为内部作者，佛罗多为倾听者。研究的第一部分详细分析了诗歌的语境作用，以及人物和读者对诗歌的感知。《歌》充满了各种细节和专有名称，突出了Еarendil的航行，这是托尔金神话中最重要的叙述之一(传奇故事集)，然而，它超出了《指环王》的范围，读者和弗罗多都没有完全理解，因为后者正在听这首歌，处于一种最奇特的，梦幻般的精神状态，这是他之前参加的精灵歌声所唤起的。弗罗多的情绪不仅与诗歌的叙事相关，也与诗歌的风格和诗歌特征相关，尤其是诗的形式和韵脚。后者使用三和弦作为额外的押韵，将奇数行的从句与随后的偶数行的前半部分连接起来，带来一种明显的旋律，“精灵”的印象。在这方面，《埃兰迪尔之歌》的诗歌形式在诗歌翻译中具有特别重要的意义;保留诗歌的主要韵律和音美特征似乎是实现翻译对等以及保持小说上下文产生的效果所必需的。这些特点被认为是使用四个俄语翻译宋的例子(A. A. Kistyakovsky, I. B. Grinshpun, S. A. Stepanov和V. G. Tikhomirov)。对这些译文的比较分析表明，译者倾向于通过使用更流畅的押韵方案和诗节结构(如Kistyakovsky或Tikhomirov所做的)或通过简化(如Grinshpun)和中性化一些其他诗歌特征(如使用专有名称)来显著改变诗歌形式。在斯捷潘诺夫的译文中，我们只能找到最一致的，尽管是部分的，对原始诗歌形式的再现。至于其他一些关于诗歌形式和词汇的翻译方法，它们似乎是不等同的。在文章的最后，作者介绍了自己翻译的《Еarendil之歌》，旨在保留其诗歌形式的上述特征。
{"title":"The Song of Earendil from The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien: Translation Issues","authors":"V. A. Afanasev","doi":"10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-132-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-132-146","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with translation issues of The Song of Earendil by J. R. R. Tolkien, the poem included in The Lord of the Ring s and incorporated into the narrative with Bilbo as the internal author and Frodo as the listener. The first part of the research provides detailed analysis of the poem contextual role as well as its perception by the characters and the reader. Imbued with various details and proper names, The Song highlights Еarendil’s voyage, one of the most essential narratives in Tolkien’s mythology (the Legendarium), however left beyond the bounds of The Lord of the Rings and not completely understood by the reader or Frodo, for the latter is listening to the Song being in a most peculiar, dreamlike state of mind evoked by elven singing he previously attends to. Frodo’s mood correlates not only and not so much with the poem’s narrative, but with its style and poetic features, especially the verse form and the rhyme scheme. The latter uses triple assonances as additional rhyme, connecting the clauses of the odd lines with the first halves of the subsequent even lines and bringing forth a notably melodical, ‘elvish’ impression. In this respect, the verse form of The Song of Earendil takes on particular importance in relation to poetic translation; and retaining the main metrical and phonoaesthetic features of the poem seems necessary for achieving translation equivalence as well as maintaining the effect derived from the context of the novel. These features are considered using the example of four Russian translations of the Song (by A. A. Kistyakovsky, I. B. Grinshpun, S. A. Stepanov, and V. G. Tikhomirov). Comparative analysis of these translations shows a tendency for the translators to change the verse form significantly either by using more fluent rhyme schemes and stanzaic structures (as Kistyakovsky or Tikhomirov do), or by simplification (e.g. Grinshpun) and neutralisation of some other poetic features (like the use of proper names). The most consistent, although partial, representation of the original poetic form, can be found in Stepanov’s translation only. As for some other translation solutions regarding verse form and vocabulary, they appear to be non-equivalent. At the end of the article, the author presents his own translation of The Song of Еarendil , aimed at retaining the above listed features of its poetic form.","PeriodicalId":24039,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-3-118-131
N. V. Potapova, A. A. Rumyantseva, V. A. Kameneva
The novelty of the research is stipulated by the fact that at present no comprehensive psycholinguistic analysis of doctors’ communicative approach in relation to the subject, object, place of communication and the communicative event itself has been conducted. The issue of applying the associative experiment to explicate doctors’ communicative intentions has also remained beyond the scope of scientific research. This paper addresses the question of the relevance of key concepts’ associative fields representing a typical communicative situation in professional discourse to identify the communicative intentions of workers engaged in the doctor-patient relationship. The associative fields of key concepts conditioning the doctors’ communicative intentions in the field of pediatric cardiology have been studied in thorough detail. The associative experiment stimuli included: patient, doctor, cardiology, cardiac surgery department, congenital heart disease (CHD), surgery. These words and word combinations describe: 1) agents of medical communication (patient, doctor); 2) place of communication (cardiac surgery department); 3) subject area (cardiology); 4) subject of communication (CHD, surgery). The general sampling of the research comprised 300 associations to the proposed stimuli. As the study indicated, when modeling a typical communicative situation in cardiologist professional discourse important are: the persons involved (subject and object); qualities; tools / objects used in a communication situation; actions performed by communicants; as well as the evaluation of the communicative situation. Among other things, the presence of evaluative reactions (positive or negative) makes it possible to exclude the emotional burnout syndrome (emotional detachment) of the doctor which is characterized by muffled emotions, smoothing out the sharpness of feelings and experiences, and the absence of an emotional response. The basic method of this research is a chained association experiment with the registration of all associations of the respondents. The obtained data were interpreted with the help of Y. N. Karaulov’s semantic gestalt method. The hypothesis about the effectiveness of the associative experiment in identifying the doctors’ communicative intentions as well as in monitoring the evaluative component of these in professional medical communication has been confirmed.
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