{"title":"Metabolic Water As a Route for Water Acquisition in Vertebrates Inhabiting Dehydrating Environments","authors":"Yoshio Takei","doi":"10.2108/zs230085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) are novel neuropeptides that have been discovered in the hypothalamic infundibulum of chickens. NPGL and NPGM play important roles in lipid metabolism in juvenile chickens. The physiological functions of NPGL and NPGM in sexually mature birds remain unknown. The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) seems to be an appropriate model for analyzing NPGL and NPGM during sexual maturity. However, studies on NPGL or NPGM have yet to be reported in the Japanese quail. In the present study, we identified cDNAs encoding precursor proteins of NPGL and NPGM in the quail hypothalamus. In situ hybridization revealed that NPGL mRNA-expressing cells in the hypothalamus were localized in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence, and NPGM mRNA-expressing cells were only found in the mammillary nucleus. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NPGM-like immunoreactive cells were distributed in the mammillary nucleus, whereas NPGL-like immunoreactive cells were not detected in the hypothalamus. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of NPGL mRNA was higher in the hypothalamus of females than in that of males, and NPGM mRNA expression showed no sex differences. NPGL and NPGM mRNA expression in males was upregulated after 24 h of food deprivation. In females, only NPGM mRNA expression was increased by fasting. These results suggest that the physiological functions of NPGL and NPGM are different in quail, and these factors are involved in sex differences in energy metabolism.
{"title":"Expression of mRNAs Encoding Hypothalamic Small Proteins, Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM, in the Japanese Quail, <i>Coturnix japonica</i>.","authors":"Masaki Kato, Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena, Yuki Narimatsu, Megumi Furumitsu, Kazuyoshi Ukena","doi":"10.2108/zs230070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) are novel neuropeptides that have been discovered in the hypothalamic infundibulum of chickens. NPGL and NPGM play important roles in lipid metabolism in juvenile chickens. The physiological functions of NPGL and NPGM in sexually mature birds remain unknown. The Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) seems to be an appropriate model for analyzing NPGL and NPGM during sexual maturity. However, studies on NPGL or NPGM have yet to be reported in the Japanese quail. In the present study, we identified cDNAs encoding precursor proteins of NPGL and NPGM in the quail hypothalamus. In situ hybridization revealed that <i>NPGL</i> mRNA-expressing cells in the hypothalamus were localized in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence, and <i>NPGM</i> mRNA-expressing cells were only found in the mammillary nucleus. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NPGM-like immunoreactive cells were distributed in the mammillary nucleus, whereas NPGL-like immunoreactive cells were not detected in the hypothalamus. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of <i>NPGL</i> mRNA was higher in the hypothalamus of females than in that of males, and <i>NPGM</i> mRNA expression showed no sex differences. <i>NPGL</i> and <i>NPGM</i> mRNA expression in males was upregulated after 24 h of food deprivation. In females, only <i>NPGM</i> mRNA expression was increased by fasting. These results suggest that the physiological functions of NPGL and NPGM are different in quail, and these factors are involved in sex differences in energy metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endocrine and neuroendocrine systems exert powerful and broad control over the regulation of homeostasis in animals. Secreted hormones play significant roles in lifetime-related events such as germ cell development, sexual maturation, development, metamorphosis, aging, feeding, and energy metabolism. Additionally, hormones, particularly sex steroid hormones, are involved in reproduction, including sexual behavior and dimorphism. Changes in body color protect against external enemies, and circadian rhythms direct physiology and behaviors in synchrony with light and dark cycles. Water and electrolyte metabolism are essential for survival in land or seawater. Both aquatic and terrestrial animals have developed a variety of endocrine and neuroendocrine systems that exquisitely manage water and electrolyte metabolism to support survival. In zoological science, many animal species are investigated for their unique life history phenomena, and many researchers bring original and unique research approaches to understand these phenomena. Exploring such a variety of animal species leads to an understanding of diversity and unity, and contributes to the development of comparative endocrinology. This Special Issue contains 15 papers focusing on the endocrine mechanisms involved in the aforementioned life phenomena.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Systems.","authors":"Kazuyoshi Ukena, Reiko Okada","doi":"10.2108/zsj.41.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.41.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocrine and neuroendocrine systems exert powerful and broad control over the regulation of homeostasis in animals. Secreted hormones play significant roles in lifetime-related events such as germ cell development, sexual maturation, development, metamorphosis, aging, feeding, and energy metabolism. Additionally, hormones, particularly sex steroid hormones, are involved in reproduction, including sexual behavior and dimorphism. Changes in body color protect against external enemies, and circadian rhythms direct physiology and behaviors in synchrony with light and dark cycles. Water and electrolyte metabolism are essential for survival in land or seawater. Both aquatic and terrestrial animals have developed a variety of endocrine and neuroendocrine systems that exquisitely manage water and electrolyte metabolism to support survival. In zoological science, many animal species are investigated for their unique life history phenomena, and many researchers bring original and unique research approaches to understand these phenomena. Exploring such a variety of animal species leads to an understanding of diversity and unity, and contributes to the development of comparative endocrinology. This Special Issue contains 15 papers focusing on the endocrine mechanisms involved in the aforementioned life phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satoshi D. Ohdachi, K. Fujiwara, Chandra Shekhar, Nguyn Trưng Sơn, Hitoshi Suzuki, Naoki Osada
{"title":"Phylogenetics and Population Genetics of the Asian House Shrew, Suncus murinus–S. montanus Species Complex, Inferred From Whole-Genome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Special Reference to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan","authors":"Satoshi D. Ohdachi, K. Fujiwara, Chandra Shekhar, Nguyn Trưng Sơn, Hitoshi Suzuki, Naoki Osada","doi":"10.2108/zs230030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on Feeding Regulation by Ghrelin in Birds: Focused on Brain Network","authors":"Hiroyuki Kaiya","doi":"10.2108/zs230071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yazawa, Yoshitaka Imamichi, Takahiro Sato, T. Ida, Akihiro Umezawa, Takeshi Kitano
{"title":"Diversity of Androgens; Comparison of Their Significance and Characteristics in Vertebrate Species","authors":"T. Yazawa, Yoshitaka Imamichi, Takahiro Sato, T. Ida, Akihiro Umezawa, Takeshi Kitano","doi":"10.2108/zs230064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuki Matsumoto, Natsuno Kowata, S. Kikuyama, R. Okada
{"title":"Analyses of mRNA Expression Levels of Pituitary Hormones, Their Hypothalamic Regulating Factors, and Receptors Involved in Metamorphosis with Special Reference to the Summer and Winter Seasons","authors":"Yuki Matsumoto, Natsuno Kowata, S. Kikuyama, R. Okada","doi":"10.2108/zs230080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingshu Yang, Satoshi Kasagi, Akiyoshi Takahashi, K. Mizusawa
{"title":"Effects of Water Temperature on the Body Color and Expression of the Genes Related to Body Color Regulation in the Goldfish","authors":"Tingshu Yang, Satoshi Kasagi, Akiyoshi Takahashi, K. Mizusawa","doi":"10.2108/zs230062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Receptor-Mediated and Receptor-Independent Actions of Melatonin in Vertebrates","authors":"A. Hattori, Nobuo Suzuki","doi":"10.2108/zs230057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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