Synopsis: A program to design transistor-resistor logic (TRL) circuits and compile TRL propagation delay tables on a digital computer is presently underway at the Sylvania Data Processing Laboratory. This paper points to the need for such a program and describes transistor and TRL circuit studies that have resulted in the basic relationships being programmed.
{"title":"Analysis of TRL circuit propagation delay","authors":"W. Dunnet, E. P. Auger, A. Scott","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458066","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: A program to design transistor-resistor logic (TRL) circuits and compile TRL propagation delay tables on a digital computer is presently underway at the Sylvania Data Processing Laboratory. This paper points to the need for such a program and describes transistor and TRL circuit studies that have resulted in the basic relationships being programmed.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125571714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grammatical and syntactic rules designed for the production of "smooth" automatic translations between human languages will be called translation algorithms. Because of the rigid constraints imposed by automatic machines, the formulation of translation algorithms involves unprecedented problems of a linguistic nature. Much of the existing literature in the field of machine translation consists of theoretical treatments of these problems, or of appropriately simplified abstractions from these problems. Several specific algorithms for the machine translation of Russian to English have been proposed, but none have been tested on a large scale. These rules are apparently based on the intuition and linguistic backgrounds of the individual writers, sometimes aided by the manual analysis of short text samples. Until very recently the use of automatic machines has been confined to the application of ad-hoc computer programs, tailored to the processing of particular sentences or carefully selected texts.
{"title":"The trial translator: an automatic programming system for experimental Russian-English machine translation","authors":"V. Giuliano","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458072","url":null,"abstract":"Grammatical and syntactic rules designed for the production of \"smooth\" automatic translations between human languages will be called translation algorithms. Because of the rigid constraints imposed by automatic machines, the formulation of translation algorithms involves unprecedented problems of a linguistic nature. Much of the existing literature in the field of machine translation consists of theoretical treatments of these problems, or of appropriately simplified abstractions from these problems. Several specific algorithms for the machine translation of Russian to English have been proposed, but none have been tested on a large scale. These rules are apparently based on the intuition and linguistic backgrounds of the individual writers, sometimes aided by the manual analysis of short text samples. Until very recently the use of automatic machines has been confined to the application of ad-hoc computer programs, tailored to the processing of particular sentences or carefully selected texts.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128487299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organization and structure of an information file cannot properly be discussed by itself. The design of a file only makes sense when it is considered as part of the entire problem of information retrieval and maintenance of the file. In any particular instance consideration must be given to the expected frequency of use of the file, and to the particular machine logic that will be employed both in retrieval and in maintenance. A properly designed information file will reflect an optimization of some sort, weighting among other things speed, accuracy, and cost. The filing and retrieval activity, of course, is usually only a part of a total information processing system. A balanced over-all design of the entire machine system must, in turn, be achieved which will include not only all aspects of the information processing at the electronic center but in addition, all available criteria by which one can discover the proper relationships between the electronic data-processing system and the basic objectives of the entire business enterprise.
{"title":"File problems associated with the National Menu Study","authors":"P. Thompson","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458059","url":null,"abstract":"The organization and structure of an information file cannot properly be discussed by itself. The design of a file only makes sense when it is considered as part of the entire problem of information retrieval and maintenance of the file. In any particular instance consideration must be given to the expected frequency of use of the file, and to the particular machine logic that will be employed both in retrieval and in maintenance. A properly designed information file will reflect an optimization of some sort, weighting among other things speed, accuracy, and cost. The filing and retrieval activity, of course, is usually only a part of a total information processing system. A balanced over-all design of the entire machine system must, in turn, be achieved which will include not only all aspects of the information processing at the electronic center but in addition, all available criteria by which one can discover the proper relationships between the electronic data-processing system and the basic objectives of the entire business enterprise.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123917089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Webster gives one definition of a revolution as follows: "A total or radical change." The following discussions are concerned with a radical change in the technology which provides components for use in digital data processing systems. At the onset of a revolution it is not clear what the outcome may be. Technological revolutions, as opposed to political revolutions, however, tend to have a common characteristic of inducing major changes regardless of whether or not the revolution is completely successful. The papers presented in this session consider various aspects of what is being anticipated as a technological revolution.
{"title":"The impending revolution in computer technology","authors":"R. Rice","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458054","url":null,"abstract":"Webster gives one definition of a revolution as follows: \"A total or radical change.\" The following discussions are concerned with a radical change in the technology which provides components for use in digital data processing systems. At the onset of a revolution it is not clear what the outcome may be. Technological revolutions, as opposed to political revolutions, however, tend to have a common characteristic of inducing major changes regardless of whether or not the revolution is completely successful. The papers presented in this session consider various aspects of what is being anticipated as a technological revolution.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115865804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In part I of this paper, it was explained that DYANA is a program which performs the following functions: 1. On the basis of an input language, determines the structure of a dynamic system. 2. Prepares a mathematical model of that dynamic system. 3. Prepares a FORTRAN program which, in turn, is able to numerically solve the mathematical model.
{"title":"DYANA: dynamics analyzer-programmer: part II: structure and function","authors":"J. Olsztyn","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458074","url":null,"abstract":"In part I of this paper, it was explained that DYANA is a program which performs the following functions:\u0000 1. On the basis of an input language, determines the structure of a dynamic system.\u0000 2. Prepares a mathematical model of that dynamic system.\u0000 3. Prepares a FORTRAN program which, in turn, is able to numerically solve the mathematical model.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses some features of the logical design of the CG24 computer with emphasis on the techniques used in the logical design rather than on the particular characteristics of the computer itself.
{"title":"The logical design of CG24","authors":"G. P. Dinneen, I. Lebow, I. S. Reed","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses some features of the logical design of the CG24 computer with emphasis on the techniques used in the logical design rather than on the particular characteristics of the computer itself.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127056945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Automated Integrated Data Systems (AIDS) program objectives are to: 1. automate weapon data activities reliably, economically and with realistic accuracies, 2. provide these facilities rapidly with a degree of flexibility for maximum utilization, 3. standardize a systems approach which takes into account technological advances.
{"title":"APAR: automatic programming and recording","authors":"G. Bachand, J. L. Rogers, T. F. Marker","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458070","url":null,"abstract":"The Automated Integrated Data Systems (AIDS) program objectives are to: 1. automate weapon data activities reliably, economically and with realistic accuracies, 2. provide these facilities rapidly with a degree of flexibility for maximum utilization, 3. standardize a systems approach which takes into account technological advances.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. Rice has given a stimulating introduction to the subject of the impending revolution in computer technology. This paper will continue this introduction by calling attention to the spectrum of activity in computer design. On the one extreme of this design spectrum is the user and on the other extreme is the engineer-designer. Interpolated between these two positions are the following: problem formulator, programmer, system specifier, system designer, logical designer, and circuit designer. Mr. Rice has introduced the subject from the designer end of the spectrum; this paper will make some further remarks of introduction along the lines of the user's viewpoint and then further develop ideas of what the user expects in the way of computer design.
{"title":"Computer design from the programmer's viewpoint","authors":"W. F. Bauer","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458055","url":null,"abstract":"Mr. Rice has given a stimulating introduction to the subject of the impending revolution in computer technology. This paper will continue this introduction by calling attention to the spectrum of activity in computer design. On the one extreme of this design spectrum is the user and on the other extreme is the engineer-designer. Interpolated between these two positions are the following: problem formulator, programmer, system specifier, system designer, logical designer, and circuit designer. Mr. Rice has introduced the subject from the designer end of the spectrum; this paper will make some further remarks of introduction along the lines of the user's viewpoint and then further develop ideas of what the user expects in the way of computer design.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This presentation provides actual performance data, which makes feasible digital computer applications that require equipment to operate 24 hours a day for a period of 7 days without error or failure, with no preventive maintenance required, and involve real time problems in which a human life is involved.
{"title":"The Athena computer, a reliability report","authors":"L. Reid, G. Raymond","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458048","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation provides actual performance data, which makes feasible digital computer applications that require equipment to operate 24 hours a day for a period of 7 days without error or failure, with no preventive maintenance required, and involve real time problems in which a human life is involved.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The title of this paper is intended to indicate concern not so much with the individual techniques of reliability, even though a number of these will be mentioned, but rather with the total impact of these various techniques on the reliability of a data processing subsystem, especially techniques above the circuit-component level. Hence, this paper will discuss the approach to reliability taken in the design of one system which is now reaching the operational stage, and to indicate what sort of results that approach is giving. Then, some more recent developments will be reviewed for their implications to a system now being developed. The type of application being considered is one requiring continuous 24-hour-per-day operation in real time, such as a continental air defense or air traffic control system. Many of the same problems are found in other combat operations center or command control systems.
{"title":"The system approach to reliability","authors":"H. D. Ross","doi":"10.1145/1458043.1458050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458043.1458050","url":null,"abstract":"The title of this paper is intended to indicate concern not so much with the individual techniques of reliability, even though a number of these will be mentioned, but rather with the total impact of these various techniques on the reliability of a data processing subsystem, especially techniques above the circuit-component level. Hence, this paper will discuss the approach to reliability taken in the design of one system which is now reaching the operational stage, and to indicate what sort of results that approach is giving. Then, some more recent developments will be reviewed for their implications to a system now being developed. The type of application being considered is one requiring continuous 24-hour-per-day operation in real time, such as a continental air defense or air traffic control system. Many of the same problems are found in other combat operations center or command control systems.","PeriodicalId":245493,"journal":{"name":"AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127792200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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