Pub Date : 2017-10-25DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250051
Elizaveta Dubrovinskaya, R. Diamant, P. Casari
We consider the problem of estimating the trajectory of a submerged source emitting acoustic signals without using any anchor nodes or receiving array. This approach is required for several applications, including the localization of acoustic sources such as marine mammals or underwater vehicles, for which the cost of covering a broad area with multiple receivers would be excessively high. Since multi-lateration is impossible in this scenario, we perform localization by incorporating bathymetry information. Specifically, we assume that the receiver retains knowledge of the environmental parameters that affect the signal propagation, and that the bathymetry of the area is sufficiently diverse to induce distinguishable channel impulse responses for different source locations. Our method compares the channel estimates obtained from the received acoustic signals against a database of channel responses, pre-computed through an acoustic ray tracing model. The set of possible node locations that result are then organized in trellis form to obtain a final estimate of the source's trajectory via a path tracking method similar to the Viterbi algorithm. Our results show that the proposed approach can estimate node locations and paths with very small error, provided that the receiver has sufficiently accurate and up-to- date environmental information.
{"title":"Anchorless underwater acoustic localization","authors":"Elizaveta Dubrovinskaya, R. Diamant, P. Casari","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250051","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of estimating the trajectory of a submerged source emitting acoustic signals without using any anchor nodes or receiving array. This approach is required for several applications, including the localization of acoustic sources such as marine mammals or underwater vehicles, for which the cost of covering a broad area with multiple receivers would be excessively high. Since multi-lateration is impossible in this scenario, we perform localization by incorporating bathymetry information. Specifically, we assume that the receiver retains knowledge of the environmental parameters that affect the signal propagation, and that the bathymetry of the area is sufficiently diverse to induce distinguishable channel impulse responses for different source locations. Our method compares the channel estimates obtained from the received acoustic signals against a database of channel responses, pre-computed through an acoustic ray tracing model. The set of possible node locations that result are then organized in trellis form to obtain a final estimate of the source's trajectory via a path tracking method similar to the Viterbi algorithm. Our results show that the proposed approach can estimate node locations and paths with very small error, provided that the receiver has sufficiently accurate and up-to- date environmental information.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250052
Alireza Ghods, S. Severi, G. Abreu
We address the problem of localization using distance and angle information heterogeneously with the aim to create a robust algorithm with high accuracy and reduced complexity. In this paper, we propose a new localization algorithm, namely Maximum Ration Combining SMDS (MRC-SMDS) based on the fundamentals of two state of the art algorithms, namely Super MDS (SMDS) and Cholesky MDS (CMDS). The complex representation of the coordinates enables us to formulate the localization problem into a linear system of equations with a low complexity least square solution. The new algorithm shows to outperform the two state of the art in terms of localization accuracy and computation speed both under theoretical and practical scenarios. Therefore MRC-SMDS is shown to be a reliable candidate for localization specially for power constraint large networks with high mobility.
{"title":"MRC implementation of super MDS for efficient 2D localization","authors":"Alireza Ghods, S. Severi, G. Abreu","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250052","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of localization using distance and angle information heterogeneously with the aim to create a robust algorithm with high accuracy and reduced complexity. In this paper, we propose a new localization algorithm, namely Maximum Ration Combining SMDS (MRC-SMDS) based on the fundamentals of two state of the art algorithms, namely Super MDS (SMDS) and Cholesky MDS (CMDS). The complex representation of the coordinates enables us to formulate the localization problem into a linear system of equations with a low complexity least square solution. The new algorithm shows to outperform the two state of the art in terms of localization accuracy and computation speed both under theoretical and practical scenarios. Therefore MRC-SMDS is shown to be a reliable candidate for localization specially for power constraint large networks with high mobility.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250077
Hiro Onishi, Kazuo Yoshida, Hiroyuki Satoh
Vehicle applications with positioning functionality, such as route guidance navigation, emergency calls, and stolen vehicle tracking, have provided safety and convenience to drivers, passengers, vehicle-owners, and society. Now, positioning solutions become key for the success of connected/automated vehicles, bringing a new paradigm of surface transportation called Mobility 4.0. New applications of Mobility 4.0, such as on- demand mobility, car sharing, and driverless taxis/fleets have specific additional requirements for positioning solutions compared to connected/automated vehicles, such as indoor locations and pedestrians/cyclists' locations. However, until now, positioning solutions for Mobility 4.0 have not been researched deeply, compared to positioning solutions for connected/automated vehicles. Therefore, in this report, we first examine requirements to positioning solutions from Mobility 4.0. Then, we introduce existing and emerging positioning solutions, including their advantages and challenges applied to Mobility 4.0 applications. Finally, we examine various positioning solutions based on Mobility 4.0 requirements (including parameters such as location accuracy and time delay/resolution) in areas such as indoor locations, pedestrians/cyclists' locations, and mobility.
{"title":"Requirements to positioning solution for mobility 4.0","authors":"Hiro Onishi, Kazuo Yoshida, Hiroyuki Satoh","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250077","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle applications with positioning functionality, such as route guidance navigation, emergency calls, and stolen vehicle tracking, have provided safety and convenience to drivers, passengers, vehicle-owners, and society. Now, positioning solutions become key for the success of connected/automated vehicles, bringing a new paradigm of surface transportation called Mobility 4.0. New applications of Mobility 4.0, such as on- demand mobility, car sharing, and driverless taxis/fleets have specific additional requirements for positioning solutions compared to connected/automated vehicles, such as indoor locations and pedestrians/cyclists' locations. However, until now, positioning solutions for Mobility 4.0 have not been researched deeply, compared to positioning solutions for connected/automated vehicles. Therefore, in this report, we first examine requirements to positioning solutions from Mobility 4.0. Then, we introduce existing and emerging positioning solutions, including their advantages and challenges applied to Mobility 4.0 applications. Finally, we examine various positioning solutions based on Mobility 4.0 requirements (including parameters such as location accuracy and time delay/resolution) in areas such as indoor locations, pedestrians/cyclists' locations, and mobility.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116734226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250069
M. Ulmschneider, C. Gentner, T. Jost, A. Dammann
Global navigation satellite system denied scenarios such as urban canyons or indoors cause a need for alternative precise localization systems. Our approach uses terrestrial signals of opportunity in a multipath-assisted positioning scheme. In multipath-assisted positioning, each multipath component arriving at a receiver is treated as a line-of-sight signal from a virtual transmitter. While the locations of the virtual transmitters are unknown, they can be estimated simultaneously to the user position using a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach. An essential feature of SLAM is data association. This paper addresses the data association problem in multipath- assisted positioning, i.e., the identification of correspondences among physical or virtual transmitters. If a user recognizes a previously observed transmitter, it can correct its own position estimate. We generalize a previous version of our multiple hypothesis tracking scheme for data association in multipath- assisted positioning and show by means of simulations how data association improves the positioning accuracy.
{"title":"Multiple hypothesis data association for multipath-assisted positioning","authors":"M. Ulmschneider, C. Gentner, T. Jost, A. Dammann","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250069","url":null,"abstract":"Global navigation satellite system denied scenarios such as urban canyons or indoors cause a need for alternative precise localization systems. Our approach uses terrestrial signals of opportunity in a multipath-assisted positioning scheme. In multipath-assisted positioning, each multipath component arriving at a receiver is treated as a line-of-sight signal from a virtual transmitter. While the locations of the virtual transmitters are unknown, they can be estimated simultaneously to the user position using a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach. An essential feature of SLAM is data association. This paper addresses the data association problem in multipath- assisted positioning, i.e., the identification of correspondences among physical or virtual transmitters. If a user recognizes a previously observed transmitter, it can correct its own position estimate. We generalize a previous version of our multiple hypothesis tracking scheme for data association in multipath- assisted positioning and show by means of simulations how data association improves the positioning accuracy.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128138962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250068
Jens Einsiedler, I. Radusch, K. Wolter
Positioning systems play an ever increasing key role in vehicular applications. GNSS-based systems such as GPS represent the predominant primary technology for positioning in this context. However, in densely built-up urban areas, the positional accuracy of GNSS-based systems decreases significantly, and ceases operation indoors due to the lack of line- of-sight to the satellites. In these scenarios and for use cases in which GNSS-based systems do not meet the requirements, the need for alternative localization systems arises. There is a wide range of vehicle indoor positioning approaches ranging from optical systems over IMU-based systems to LiDAR SLAM. In general, all systems can usually be classified by their perspective (internal or external) and their order (absolute or relative). Furthermore, all considered systems are very application-specific, and additionally either require a comprehensive extension of the existing infrastructure or modification of the vehicle.
{"title":"Vehicle indoor positioning: A survey","authors":"Jens Einsiedler, I. Radusch, K. Wolter","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250068","url":null,"abstract":"Positioning systems play an ever increasing key role in vehicular applications. GNSS-based systems such as GPS represent the predominant primary technology for positioning in this context. However, in densely built-up urban areas, the positional accuracy of GNSS-based systems decreases significantly, and ceases operation indoors due to the lack of line- of-sight to the satellites. In these scenarios and for use cases in which GNSS-based systems do not meet the requirements, the need for alternative localization systems arises. There is a wide range of vehicle indoor positioning approaches ranging from optical systems over IMU-based systems to LiDAR SLAM. In general, all systems can usually be classified by their perspective (internal or external) and their order (absolute or relative). Furthermore, all considered systems are very application-specific, and additionally either require a comprehensive extension of the existing infrastructure or modification of the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250075
M. Mureddu, A. Damiano
The integration between Electric Mobility (EM) and Power Electric Infrastructures (PEI) is the central concept of the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) paradigm, which is seen as crucial for the upcoming transition towards sustainable energy and mobility. The planned adoption of V2G in smart cities foresees the coexistence of two interconnecting layers: a physical layer given by the EM Charging Infrastructure (EMCI), and a virtual layer given by an ICT-based management platform. On one hand, the EMCI will be likely composed of charging stations and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems, allowing a bidirectional power exchange between EM and PEI. On the other hand, the virtual layer will be composed of an Energy Management Platform (EMP) aiming to control these bidirectional power flows. This includes the set of sensors needed to bidirectionally exchange real-time information with the EV fleet and the CI. This paper wants to investigate the state-of-the-art regarding the real-time control of a V2G infrastructure. The aim is to provide information on the V2G control structures proposed in literature, in order to stimulate a cross-field research on the topic.
{"title":"Real-time integration of E-Mobility data for the implementation of novel energy paradigms","authors":"M. Mureddu, A. Damiano","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250075","url":null,"abstract":"The integration between Electric Mobility (EM) and Power Electric Infrastructures (PEI) is the central concept of the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) paradigm, which is seen as crucial for the upcoming transition towards sustainable energy and mobility. The planned adoption of V2G in smart cities foresees the coexistence of two interconnecting layers: a physical layer given by the EM Charging Infrastructure (EMCI), and a virtual layer given by an ICT-based management platform. On one hand, the EMCI will be likely composed of charging stations and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems, allowing a bidirectional power exchange between EM and PEI. On the other hand, the virtual layer will be composed of an Energy Management Platform (EMP) aiming to control these bidirectional power flows. This includes the set of sensors needed to bidirectionally exchange real-time information with the EV fleet and the CI. This paper wants to investigate the state-of-the-art regarding the real-time control of a V2G infrastructure. The aim is to provide information on the V2G control structures proposed in literature, in order to stimulate a cross-field research on the topic.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128844609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250066
Mathias Pelka, Daniel Amann, Marco Cimdins, H. Hellbrück
Positioning is useful in a number of applications, for instance smart home, smart factory and health care applications. Time-based ranging methods for positioning are the state-of- the-art but require precise timestamping. Sophisticated ranging methods compensate sources of errors, for instance clock drift caused by a crystal or an asymmetrical measuring principle, to provide precise timestamping. So far, no comprehensive study of different time-based ranging methods using the same hardware and the same evaluation setup was carried out. Consequently, we discuss, implement and evaluate five time-based ranging methods, including Two-Way Ranging, Double Two-Way Ranging, Asymmetrical Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging, Symmetrical DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging and Burst Mode Symmetric DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging. We evaluate accuracy, precision, robustness and run time for the ranging methods and answer the question if the choice of the time-based ranging method matters.
{"title":"Evaluation of time-based ranging methods: Does the choice matter?","authors":"Mathias Pelka, Daniel Amann, Marco Cimdins, H. Hellbrück","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250066","url":null,"abstract":"Positioning is useful in a number of applications, for instance smart home, smart factory and health care applications. Time-based ranging methods for positioning are the state-of- the-art but require precise timestamping. Sophisticated ranging methods compensate sources of errors, for instance clock drift caused by a crystal or an asymmetrical measuring principle, to provide precise timestamping. So far, no comprehensive study of different time-based ranging methods using the same hardware and the same evaluation setup was carried out. Consequently, we discuss, implement and evaluate five time-based ranging methods, including Two-Way Ranging, Double Two-Way Ranging, Asymmetrical Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging, Symmetrical DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging and Burst Mode Symmetric DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging. We evaluate accuracy, precision, robustness and run time for the ranging methods and answer the question if the choice of the time-based ranging method matters.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124947511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250049
A. Popleteev
The increasing accuracy of indoor positioning systems makes their evaluation an increasingly challenging task. A number of factors are already known to affect performance of fingerprint-based systems: hardware diversity, device orientation, environment dynamics. This paper presents a new butterfly-like effect in localization experiments. The effect is caused by minor ground truth (GT) errors — that is, small deviations between calibration and test positions. While such deviations are widely considered as purely additive and thus negligible, we demonstrate that even centimeter-scale GT errors are amplified by small-scale radio fading and lead to severe multi-meter Wi-Fi positioning errors. The results show that fingerprint-based localization accuracy quickly deteriorates as GT errors increase towards 0.4 wavelength (5 cm for 2.4 GHz). Beyond that threshold, system's accuracy saturates to about one-third of its original level achievable with precise GT. This effect challenges the impact of the already known accuracy-limiting factors (such as cross-user tests, receiver diversity, device orientation and temporal variations), as they can be partially explained by minor GT errors. Moreover, for smartphone-in-a-hand experiments, this effect directly associates the evaluation outcomes with experimenters' diligence.
{"title":"Wi-Fi butterfly effect in indoor localization: The impact of imprecise ground truth and small-scale fading","authors":"A. Popleteev","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250049","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing accuracy of indoor positioning systems makes their evaluation an increasingly challenging task. A number of factors are already known to affect performance of fingerprint-based systems: hardware diversity, device orientation, environment dynamics. This paper presents a new butterfly-like effect in localization experiments. The effect is caused by minor ground truth (GT) errors — that is, small deviations between calibration and test positions. While such deviations are widely considered as purely additive and thus negligible, we demonstrate that even centimeter-scale GT errors are amplified by small-scale radio fading and lead to severe multi-meter Wi-Fi positioning errors. The results show that fingerprint-based localization accuracy quickly deteriorates as GT errors increase towards 0.4 wavelength (5 cm for 2.4 GHz). Beyond that threshold, system's accuracy saturates to about one-third of its original level achievable with precise GT. This effect challenges the impact of the already known accuracy-limiting factors (such as cross-user tests, receiver diversity, device orientation and temporal variations), as they can be partially explained by minor GT errors. Moreover, for smartphone-in-a-hand experiments, this effect directly associates the evaluation outcomes with experimenters' diligence.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125796580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250059
E. Staudinger, M. Walter, A. Dammann
Mobile communication terminals exploit existing reference signal structures for propagation delay based positioning. However, the used waveforms are not optimized for energy efficiency and improved ranging performance for positioning. Recently, a parametric waveform with adaptable power spectral density has been proposed in the context of 5G, and has shown an improved ranging performance. In this paper, we investigate the energy reduction of a ranging signal for a targeted ranging performance by adjusting the parametric waveform. We focus on the newly opened 28 GHz frequency band offering 850 MHz of contiguous bandwidth in the United States. Based on derived Ziv-Zakai lower bounds and a mmWave path loss model with shadow fading we determine the optimal waveform parameter. Our results show a transmit power reduction of 4.77 dB compared to existing reference signal structures. Furthermore, we show a link budget example in the context of ITS positioning.
{"title":"Optimized waveform for energy efficient ranging","authors":"E. Staudinger, M. Walter, A. Dammann","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250059","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile communication terminals exploit existing reference signal structures for propagation delay based positioning. However, the used waveforms are not optimized for energy efficiency and improved ranging performance for positioning. Recently, a parametric waveform with adaptable power spectral density has been proposed in the context of 5G, and has shown an improved ranging performance. In this paper, we investigate the energy reduction of a ranging signal for a targeted ranging performance by adjusting the parametric waveform. We focus on the newly opened 28 GHz frequency band offering 850 MHz of contiguous bandwidth in the United States. Based on derived Ziv-Zakai lower bounds and a mmWave path loss model with shadow fading we determine the optimal waveform parameter. Our results show a transmit power reduction of 4.77 dB compared to existing reference signal structures. Furthermore, we show a link budget example in the context of ITS positioning.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128318105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250046
Philipp Müller, S. Ali-Löytty, J. Lekkala, R. Piché
Electronic noses (eNoses) can detect and classify a large variety of smells. They are, in general, much more sensitive than the human nose. Could they identify different indoor locations based on the locations' characteristic combinations of airborne chemicals? We study in this paper how well location can be determined in an indoor environment using only measurements from an ion mobility spectrometry eNose and a K nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. Based on the results of test with real-world data eNose-based localisation seems to have potential but there are several questions and issues that still have to be addressed. This paper provides therefore a discussion of questions and issues that have to be studied in the future, and proposes potential solutions.
{"title":"Indoor localisation using aroma fingerprints: A first sniff","authors":"Philipp Müller, S. Ali-Löytty, J. Lekkala, R. Piché","doi":"10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPNC.2017.8250046","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic noses (eNoses) can detect and classify a large variety of smells. They are, in general, much more sensitive than the human nose. Could they identify different indoor locations based on the locations' characteristic combinations of airborne chemicals? We study in this paper how well location can be determined in an indoor environment using only measurements from an ion mobility spectrometry eNose and a K nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. Based on the results of test with real-world data eNose-based localisation seems to have potential but there are several questions and issues that still have to be addressed. This paper provides therefore a discussion of questions and issues that have to be studied in the future, and proposes potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":246107,"journal":{"name":"2017 14th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communications (WPNC)","volume":"44 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120816864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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