Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.12
Raphael Tchientcheu, C. Penda, Rébecca Madeleine Ebelle Etame, Colette Grace Ngondi Dalle, R. S. Mouokeu, Rosalie Annie Ngono Ngane
Background: Gastroenteritis caused by bacteria are a serious public health issue. Antibiotic resistance is common. This work described the epidemiological and resistance profile of bacteria involved in gastrointestinal infection in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2017 on stool samples. Bacterial species were diagnosed on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. The resistance profile on fifteen routine antibiotics was investigated using the disks diffusion method. Results: Out of 250 stool samples examined, 206 were positive, 129 (62.62%) samples had only one bacterial species and 77 (37.38%) more than one species. 301 pathogenic bacteria were identified of which Escherichia coli represented more than one third (33.89%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.26%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11.96%), Salmonella sp (10.30%), Citrobacter freundii (9.97%), Yersinia enterocolitica (4.65%), Shigella flexneri (3.99%), Serratia marcescens (2.33%) and Proteus sp (0.66%). The antibiogram showed high resistance to Tetracycline, Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, Doxycycline and Cotrimoxazol. Imipenem and Amikacin were the most active Conclusion: The present findings provide additional information for the control of gastrointestinal tract infections in Douala.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Sensibility Profile of Some Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Stool Samples in Some Douala-Cameroon Hospitals","authors":"Raphael Tchientcheu, C. Penda, Rébecca Madeleine Ebelle Etame, Colette Grace Ngondi Dalle, R. S. Mouokeu, Rosalie Annie Ngono Ngane","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroenteritis caused by bacteria are a serious public health issue. Antibiotic resistance is common. This work described the epidemiological and resistance profile of bacteria involved in gastrointestinal infection in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2017 on stool samples. Bacterial species were diagnosed on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. The resistance profile on fifteen routine antibiotics was investigated using the disks diffusion method. Results: Out of 250 stool samples examined, 206 were positive, 129 (62.62%) samples had only one bacterial species and 77 (37.38%) more than one species. 301 pathogenic bacteria were identified of which Escherichia coli represented more than one third (33.89%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.26%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11.96%), Salmonella sp (10.30%), Citrobacter freundii (9.97%), Yersinia enterocolitica (4.65%), Shigella flexneri (3.99%), Serratia marcescens (2.33%) and Proteus sp (0.66%). The antibiogram showed high resistance to Tetracycline, Amoxycillin, Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, Doxycycline and Cotrimoxazol. Imipenem and Amikacin were the most active Conclusion: The present findings provide additional information for the control of gastrointestinal tract infections in Douala.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115249090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.13
Guo Lin Dai, Chuanyu Wu, Shao-Hui Tang
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a kind of human herpes virus, is highly prevalent globally. It was believed that CMV posed a considerable risk only in newborns and immunocompromised individuals in the past, but there are increasing reports that CMV caused adverse outcomes in immunocompetent adults. The gastrointestinal canal (especially colon) is one of the usual sites of cytomegalovirus infection. Moreover, severe CMV gastrointestinal disease can lead to considerable mortality. Male, age ≥55 years, immunomodulatory comorbidities (such as kidney failure, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, or non-hematological malignancies without treatment) and the need for surgical intervention are factors that are not favorable to survival. When patients have unfavorable risk factors for survival or serious complications, antiviral treatment should be administered. Targeted antiviral therapy with intravenous ganciclovir or valganciclovir was suitable for severe CMV disease in immunocompetent adults before the advent of new and safer anti-herpesvirus drugs. Although there are many simple ways to detect the presence of CMV, most of them cannot distinguish between latent infection and active disease, which makes clinical decision-making difficult. CMV gastrointestinal disease has no specific clinical and endoscopic manifestations, and the diagnosis is to a large extent dependent on histopathology and tissue CMV polymerase chain reaction technology. Quantitative testing of tissue CMV DNA is a useful diagnostic tool, but further research is needed to explain the quantitative value, such as obtaining a viral load cutoff to decide whether to apply antiviral therapy.
{"title":"Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Infection in Immunocompetent Adults","authors":"Guo Lin Dai, Chuanyu Wu, Shao-Hui Tang","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a kind of human herpes virus, is highly prevalent globally. It was believed that CMV posed a considerable risk only in newborns and immunocompromised individuals in the past, but there are increasing reports that CMV caused adverse outcomes in immunocompetent adults. The gastrointestinal canal (especially colon) is one of the usual sites of cytomegalovirus infection. Moreover, severe CMV gastrointestinal disease can lead to considerable mortality. Male, age ≥55 years, immunomodulatory comorbidities (such as kidney failure, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, or non-hematological malignancies without treatment) and the need for surgical intervention are factors that are not favorable to survival. When patients have unfavorable risk factors for survival or serious complications, antiviral treatment should be administered. Targeted antiviral therapy with intravenous ganciclovir or valganciclovir was suitable for severe CMV disease in immunocompetent adults before the advent of new and safer anti-herpesvirus drugs. Although there are many simple ways to detect the presence of CMV, most of them cannot distinguish between latent infection and active disease, which makes clinical decision-making difficult. CMV gastrointestinal disease has no specific clinical and endoscopic manifestations, and the diagnosis is to a large extent dependent on histopathology and tissue CMV polymerase chain reaction technology. Quantitative testing of tissue CMV DNA is a useful diagnostic tool, but further research is needed to explain the quantitative value, such as obtaining a viral load cutoff to decide whether to apply antiviral therapy.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.12
Ronald Omenge Obwoge, Annette Okere, Linda Chamia, Joy Nduku, H. Koech, Celestine Muruthi, Nelson Kyalo, Kevin Wanjala, Ruth Lulu
Teenage pregnancy is on the rise globally especially in developing countries. There are many the health related challenges that pregnant teenagers are exposed to. Pregnant teenagers are prone to health risks that endanger themselves and unborn babies. It is important for healthcare fraternity to be informed of these the health related challenges that are associated with teenage pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the health related challenges that teenage girls visiting Narok County Hospital face. By; (1) determining the health related challenges among pregnant teenagers attending Narok County Hospital. (2) Establishing the level of awareness on modern contraceptive methods among pregnant teenage visiting NCH. To determine health seeking behaviors among pregnant teenagers who visit NCH The study adopted a cross-sectional research study, Interview guide and abstraction sheets to capture data. Interview 41 respondents of whom 35 pregnant teenagers and 6 key informants. The pregnant teenagers were non-medics while the key respondents were medical personnel at different levels but who in their course of work had interacted with pregnant teenagers. The study revealed that 60% of the respondents had experienced health challenges during the course of pregnancy. Of whom majority of the pregnant teenagers had varied number of health challenges during the course of their pregnancy. These findings are quite similar to other studies that have been done globally. Study recommends a more focused antenatal profile for pregnant teenagers and community health program targeting the whole community to prevent teen pregnancies.
{"title":"Health Related Challenges Among Pregnant Teenagers Attending Narok County Hospital, Narok County","authors":"Ronald Omenge Obwoge, Annette Okere, Linda Chamia, Joy Nduku, H. Koech, Celestine Muruthi, Nelson Kyalo, Kevin Wanjala, Ruth Lulu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.12","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage pregnancy is on the rise globally especially in developing countries. There are many the health related challenges that pregnant teenagers are exposed to. Pregnant teenagers are prone to health risks that endanger themselves and unborn babies. It is important for healthcare fraternity to be informed of these the health related challenges that are associated with teenage pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the health related challenges that teenage girls visiting Narok County Hospital face. By; (1) determining the health related challenges among pregnant teenagers attending Narok County Hospital. (2) Establishing the level of awareness on modern contraceptive methods among pregnant teenage visiting NCH. To determine health seeking behaviors among pregnant teenagers who visit NCH The study adopted a cross-sectional research study, Interview guide and abstraction sheets to capture data. Interview 41 respondents of whom 35 pregnant teenagers and 6 key informants. The pregnant teenagers were non-medics while the key respondents were medical personnel at different levels but who in their course of work had interacted with pregnant teenagers. The study revealed that 60% of the respondents had experienced health challenges during the course of pregnancy. Of whom majority of the pregnant teenagers had varied number of health challenges during the course of their pregnancy. These findings are quite similar to other studies that have been done globally. Study recommends a more focused antenatal profile for pregnant teenagers and community health program targeting the whole community to prevent teen pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130590641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.11
M. Ibrahim, Yusuf Kani, Emtithal Ahmed
The medical records in use in the state are still paper based records, which make it very difficult when searching patient records due to the large population. The objectives of this research are four fold: 1) To identify the steps needed for the implementation of EHR; 2) To highlight the problems of EHR implementation; 3) To determine the resources needed, 4) To identify the advantages of EHR implementation in Katsina state as a case study. This is an Exploratory Research using a Quantitative method. SPSS (version 22.0) was used to analyze the data. Cluster sampling was used, sample size was 331. Data was collected from the seven pilot hospitals of Katsina state, Nigeria. A close ended questionnaire (likert type 5 point scale) was used to collect the data, of the three hundred and thirty one participants (331), 60 were doctors, 92 nurses, 38 Pharmacists, 26 lab-technicians, 69 record keepers, and 46 others. Based on their responses majority of the respondents strongly endorse the system implementation. Implementation of EHR will provide a lot of benefits to healthcare sector in Katsina State, the key findings indicate that majority of the respondents embraced the need for EHR to assist in improving the quality of healthcare in Katsina state. The state government has to provide the required resources, there is need to follow specific steps, and also there is need to solve the problems hindering implementation of EHR practices in Katsina state, there is also benefits that the state will gain if the system is implemented successfully.
{"title":"Examining the Impact of Implementation of Electronic Health Record System for Effective Health Management in Katsina State Hospitals, Nigeria","authors":"M. Ibrahim, Yusuf Kani, Emtithal Ahmed","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20190302.11","url":null,"abstract":"The medical records in use in the state are still paper based records, which make it very difficult when searching patient records due to the large population. The objectives of this research are four fold: 1) To identify the steps needed for the implementation of EHR; 2) To highlight the problems of EHR implementation; 3) To determine the resources needed, 4) To identify the advantages of EHR implementation in Katsina state as a case study. This is an Exploratory Research using a Quantitative method. SPSS (version 22.0) was used to analyze the data. Cluster sampling was used, sample size was 331. Data was collected from the seven pilot hospitals of Katsina state, Nigeria. A close ended questionnaire (likert type 5 point scale) was used to collect the data, of the three hundred and thirty one participants (331), 60 were doctors, 92 nurses, 38 Pharmacists, 26 lab-technicians, 69 record keepers, and 46 others. Based on their responses majority of the respondents strongly endorse the system implementation. Implementation of EHR will provide a lot of benefits to healthcare sector in Katsina State, the key findings indicate that majority of the respondents embraced the need for EHR to assist in improving the quality of healthcare in Katsina state. The state government has to provide the required resources, there is need to follow specific steps, and also there is need to solve the problems hindering implementation of EHR practices in Katsina state, there is also benefits that the state will gain if the system is implemented successfully.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122542173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.14
C. Kedarisetty, Rajeev P. Kamble, S. Joseph, J. Venkataraman
Background: Abernethy malformations are rare vascular anomalies of the portal system which present as extra-hepatic congenital portosystemic venous shunts (CPSS). Sometimes they can be intra-hepatic anomalies. There is scarcity of literature on management of these rare anomalies especially intra-hepatic shunts. Case: A five years old child came with the complaints of progressive breathlessness on exertion with effort-intolerance for the past two years. There was no history suggestive of underlying cardiopulmonary illness. On examination, there was cyanosis and clubbing. On evaluation, the imaging showed a large congenital intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt from the left portal vein draining directly into intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) and a hypoplastic right branch of the portal vein leading to a clinical presentation of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Result: The shunt was occluded by placing a covered stent in the IVC across the shunt opening, making sure the openings of hepatic veins and renal vein also were not being covered. There was a significant improvement in oxygenation post procedure with complete disappearance of cyanosis. Conclusion: Covered IVC stent placement is a novel technique for large fusiform dilated intra-hepatic CPSS by closing the shunt flow into the IVC, thereby restoring the physiological flow in the liver.
{"title":"Management of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in a Child Due to a Large Congenital Intrahepatic Porto-Systemic Shunt","authors":"C. Kedarisetty, Rajeev P. Kamble, S. Joseph, J. Venkataraman","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abernethy malformations are rare vascular anomalies of the portal system which present as extra-hepatic congenital portosystemic venous shunts (CPSS). Sometimes they can be intra-hepatic anomalies. There is scarcity of literature on management of these rare anomalies especially intra-hepatic shunts. Case: A five years old child came with the complaints of progressive breathlessness on exertion with effort-intolerance for the past two years. There was no history suggestive of underlying cardiopulmonary illness. On examination, there was cyanosis and clubbing. On evaluation, the imaging showed a large congenital intra-hepatic portosystemic shunt from the left portal vein draining directly into intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) and a hypoplastic right branch of the portal vein leading to a clinical presentation of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Result: The shunt was occluded by placing a covered stent in the IVC across the shunt opening, making sure the openings of hepatic veins and renal vein also were not being covered. There was a significant improvement in oxygenation post procedure with complete disappearance of cyanosis. Conclusion: Covered IVC stent placement is a novel technique for large fusiform dilated intra-hepatic CPSS by closing the shunt flow into the IVC, thereby restoring the physiological flow in the liver.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124453094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.13
F. Daoud, M. Somai, Ines Ben Hassen, I. Rachdi, D. Trad, Sarra Bejaoui, R. Jouini, H. Zoubeidi, E. Ben Brahim, D. Gargouri, Mohamed Habib Daghfous, Achraf Chedli-Debbiche, F. Boussema
The liver biopsy (LB) still keeps some indications today, in spite of the progress of the non-invasive explorations. Several LB techniques have been studied. Some techniques use medical imaging. These techniques also differ in the material used to collect the hepatic sample. This study aimed to determine the current indications of LB, the interest using ultrasound guidance and an automatic device in order to improve its performance and its contribution to the diagnosis. This was a retrospective study including percutaneous LB performed under ultrasound guidance using automatic system equipped with a sharp needle. The study involved 50 patients with 26 diffuse liver diseases (DLD) and 24 focal liver lesions (FLL). The indications for DLD biopsy were dominated by suspicion of hepatic sarcoidosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatic tuberculosis. FLL were dominated by the exploration of nodules or masses. The number of passes made was three in 96% of cases, otherwise it was four, with an average size of 1.3 cm for cores. DLD were dominated by chronic liver disease (42%), granulomatous hepatitis (23%), steatohepatitis (11%) and primary biliary cirrhosis (8%). FLL were dominated by secondary malignancies (46%) and primary malignant lesions (25%). For FLL, LB sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were respectively 81%, 100%, 100% and 20%. LB confirmed 45% of DLD diagnoses, when they were well oriented by clinical and paraclinical data. The LB allowed to rectify the diagnosis in 54% of cases. When no initial diagnosis was suspected, LB enabled a specific diagnosis in 75% of cases. Major complications were void in our study. In conclusion, the use of ultrasound guidance and an automatic device with a sharp needle has increased the number of passes, improved the quality of sampling and reduced complications.
{"title":"Contribution, Indications and Technical Realization of Ultrasound-guided Liver Biopsy","authors":"F. Daoud, M. Somai, Ines Ben Hassen, I. Rachdi, D. Trad, Sarra Bejaoui, R. Jouini, H. Zoubeidi, E. Ben Brahim, D. Gargouri, Mohamed Habib Daghfous, Achraf Chedli-Debbiche, F. Boussema","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.13","url":null,"abstract":"The liver biopsy (LB) still keeps some indications today, in spite of the progress of the non-invasive explorations. Several LB techniques have been studied. Some techniques use medical imaging. These techniques also differ in the material used to collect the hepatic sample. This study aimed to determine the current indications of LB, the interest using ultrasound guidance and an automatic device in order to improve its performance and its contribution to the diagnosis. This was a retrospective study including percutaneous LB performed under ultrasound guidance using automatic system equipped with a sharp needle. The study involved 50 patients with 26 diffuse liver diseases (DLD) and 24 focal liver lesions (FLL). The indications for DLD biopsy were dominated by suspicion of hepatic sarcoidosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatic tuberculosis. FLL were dominated by the exploration of nodules or masses. The number of passes made was three in 96% of cases, otherwise it was four, with an average size of 1.3 cm for cores. DLD were dominated by chronic liver disease (42%), granulomatous hepatitis (23%), steatohepatitis (11%) and primary biliary cirrhosis (8%). FLL were dominated by secondary malignancies (46%) and primary malignant lesions (25%). For FLL, LB sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were respectively 81%, 100%, 100% and 20%. LB confirmed 45% of DLD diagnoses, when they were well oriented by clinical and paraclinical data. The LB allowed to rectify the diagnosis in 54% of cases. When no initial diagnosis was suspected, LB enabled a specific diagnosis in 75% of cases. Major complications were void in our study. In conclusion, the use of ultrasound guidance and an automatic device with a sharp needle has increased the number of passes, improved the quality of sampling and reduced complications.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126295959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.12
M. Chau, Yang Li, Manuel Roqueta‐Rivera, K. Garlick, R. Shen, Guoqiang Wang, Y. Or, Li-juan Jiang
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. There are currently no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic and chronic liver diseases. EDP-305 is an FXR agonist currently in phase 2 clinical trials for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and NASH. Here, we demonstrate that EDP-305 is a selective and potent FXR agonist that regulates multiple pathways relevant to NASH progression. EDP-305 exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory gene signatures in human macrophage and stellate cell lines, as well as favorable effects on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, including enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol uptake and decreased triglyceride accumulation. The therapeutic potential of EDP-305 was further evaluated in two murine models of NASH: a streptozotocin-high fat diet STAMTM model and a dietary induced NASH (DIN) model driven by high fat, cholesterol, and fructose feeding. In both NASH models, EDP-305 significantly decreased hepatocyte ballooning and lowered the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. EDP-305 also significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia observed in the DIN mouse model. Conclusion: EDP-305 is a potent FXR agonist with a favorable gene expression profile for NASH treatment as evidenced by the hepato-protective and anti-steatotic effects observed in vivo. The preclinical characterization of EDP-305 presented here suggests that it holds promise for the treatment of NASH.
{"title":"Characterization of EDP-305, a Highly Potent and Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist, for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis","authors":"M. Chau, Yang Li, Manuel Roqueta‐Rivera, K. Garlick, R. Shen, Guoqiang Wang, Y. Or, Li-juan Jiang","doi":"10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJG.20190301.12","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. There are currently no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic and chronic liver diseases. EDP-305 is an FXR agonist currently in phase 2 clinical trials for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and NASH. Here, we demonstrate that EDP-305 is a selective and potent FXR agonist that regulates multiple pathways relevant to NASH progression. EDP-305 exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory gene signatures in human macrophage and stellate cell lines, as well as favorable effects on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, including enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol uptake and decreased triglyceride accumulation. The therapeutic potential of EDP-305 was further evaluated in two murine models of NASH: a streptozotocin-high fat diet STAMTM model and a dietary induced NASH (DIN) model driven by high fat, cholesterol, and fructose feeding. In both NASH models, EDP-305 significantly decreased hepatocyte ballooning and lowered the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. EDP-305 also significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia observed in the DIN mouse model. Conclusion: EDP-305 is a potent FXR agonist with a favorable gene expression profile for NASH treatment as evidenced by the hepato-protective and anti-steatotic effects observed in vivo. The preclinical characterization of EDP-305 presented here suggests that it holds promise for the treatment of NASH.","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123552432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.19
I. Chandrasekar, Erica Ortiz, Jennifer Norgaard, Mario Augusto Rojas
{"title":"Home Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Patients with Traditional Indications for Gastrostomy Tube Placement","authors":"I. Chandrasekar, Erica Ortiz, Jennifer Norgaard, Mario Augusto Rojas","doi":"10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.18
Jacklyn Manaog So-Cabahug, R. Chan, Marc Lustre, J. Ong
{"title":"Elevated AFP in the Absence of Hepatic Malignancy in a Patient with Acute Hepatitis","authors":"Jacklyn Manaog So-Cabahug, R. Chan, Marc Lustre, J. Ong","doi":"10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20210502.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246347,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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