Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730651
Joe Wiart, Raj Mittra, Stephane Chaillou, Zwi Altman
Recent years have seen an explosive growth in the area of wireless communication and, around the world, several hundred millions of subscribers are expected to have mobile phones by the year 2000. With the proliferation of these phones, questions have arisen about the interaction of the electromagnetic field with biological tissues in general, and about the power absorbed by the human head in particular. In this paper we employ efficient numerical techniques to compute the local absorbed power in the head and to predict the modification of the antenna performance due to its close coupling with the head.
{"title":"The analysis of human head interaction with a hand-held mobile using the non-uniform FDTD","authors":"Joe Wiart, Raj Mittra, Stephane Chaillou, Zwi Altman","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730651","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen an explosive growth in the area of wireless communication and, around the world, several hundred millions of subscribers are expected to have mobile phones by the year 2000. With the proliferation of these phones, questions have arisen about the interaction of the electromagnetic field with biological tissues in general, and about the power absorbed by the human head in particular. In this paper we employ efficient numerical techniques to compute the local absorbed power in the head and to predict the modification of the antenna performance due to its close coupling with the head.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124806792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730680
N. Fayyaz, E. Shin, S. Safavi-Naeini
A novel design for a dual-band rectangular patch antenna is investigated and implemented. In this implementation the patch is a quarter-wavelength in length, with one edge shorted and another edge connected to a strip of transmission line. This new design is very useful in PCS where two distinct frequency ranges exist for transmitting and receiving. The design method is based on using reactive loading to create an additional resonant frequency.
{"title":"A novel dual-band patch antenna for GSM band","authors":"N. Fayyaz, E. Shin, S. Safavi-Naeini","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730680","url":null,"abstract":"A novel design for a dual-band rectangular patch antenna is investigated and implemented. In this implementation the patch is a quarter-wavelength in length, with one edge shorted and another edge connected to a strip of transmission line. This new design is very useful in PCS where two distinct frequency ranges exist for transmitting and receiving. The design method is based on using reactive loading to create an additional resonant frequency.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123463532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730644
B. Johannisson
There has been a rapid increase in the number of mobile communication users, resulting in an equally rapid need for increased capacity in the networks. Extensive research and development work on advanced base station antennas for mobile communication is in progress at Ericsson. This includes both active and adaptive antenna systems. With the introduction of active antenna products, it is now possible to use small-size base stations, with high levels of equivalent radiated power (ERP) and low power consumption. Array designs and measured results from the work on adaptive base station antennas are presented.
{"title":"Adaptive base station antennas for mobile communication systems","authors":"B. Johannisson","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730644","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a rapid increase in the number of mobile communication users, resulting in an equally rapid need for increased capacity in the networks. Extensive research and development work on advanced base station antennas for mobile communication is in progress at Ericsson. This includes both active and adaptive antenna systems. With the introduction of active antenna products, it is now possible to use small-size base stations, with high levels of equivalent radiated power (ERP) and low power consumption. Array designs and measured results from the work on adaptive base station antennas are presented.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126613530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730652
E. Forgy, W. Chew, J. Jin
As advances in numerical methods for solutions to Maxwell's equations accelerate, larger and more complex electromagnetic problems are becoming tractable at an astounding rate. The science of computational electromagnetics (CEM) gains inertia with each passing day. The maturing field of CEM research has sprouted various branches of research. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, introduced in 1966 by Yee (1966), and pioneered by Taflove (1995), among others, since 1975, provides a simple and robust method for simulating the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through complex media, e.g., human tissue. Although the FDTD method performs superbly for such propagation simulations, it is not very well suited for modeling complex metallic structures, e.g., antennas. Conversely, a distinct branch of CEM research, the method of moments (MoM), is superior for modeling complex metallic structures and is not very well suited for propagation through complex media, such as human tissue. In this paper, a hybrid MoM/FDTD method for simulating the interaction of antennas with the human head is presented.
{"title":"A hybrid MoM/FDTD technique for studying human head/antenna interactions","authors":"E. Forgy, W. Chew, J. Jin","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730652","url":null,"abstract":"As advances in numerical methods for solutions to Maxwell's equations accelerate, larger and more complex electromagnetic problems are becoming tractable at an astounding rate. The science of computational electromagnetics (CEM) gains inertia with each passing day. The maturing field of CEM research has sprouted various branches of research. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, introduced in 1966 by Yee (1966), and pioneered by Taflove (1995), among others, since 1975, provides a simple and robust method for simulating the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through complex media, e.g., human tissue. Although the FDTD method performs superbly for such propagation simulations, it is not very well suited for modeling complex metallic structures, e.g., antennas. Conversely, a distinct branch of CEM research, the method of moments (MoM), is superior for modeling complex metallic structures and is not very well suited for propagation through complex media, such as human tissue. In this paper, a hybrid MoM/FDTD method for simulating the interaction of antennas with the human head is presented.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"493 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116820089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730670
M. Basraoui, S. Prasad
In this paper, the design and performance characteristics of a new, compact, wideband, tapered coplanar-strip antenna are presented. This antenna can be utilized for narrowband and wideband applications. The antenna design is based on Chebyshev impedance transformation theory. The design and measured performance characteristics of this antenna are described.
{"title":"Tapered coplanar-strip antenna","authors":"M. Basraoui, S. Prasad","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730670","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and performance characteristics of a new, compact, wideband, tapered coplanar-strip antenna are presented. This antenna can be utilized for narrowband and wideband applications. The antenna design is based on Chebyshev impedance transformation theory. The design and measured performance characteristics of this antenna are described.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730629
E. Couto de Miranda, L. da Silva Mello, M. Pontes
The dynamic analysis of attenuation is defined as the statistical analysis of time duration and number of events of a given attenuation level being exceeded. The results from the dynamic statistical analysis of one year of radiometric attenuation measurements in three 12 GHz stations located in equatorial Brazil are presented and discussed. Such data and results are very rarely presented in the literature and may provide design information for the implementation of future satellite communication systems which would operate in such remote and inhospitable areas of the planet.
{"title":"Dynamics of attenuation in equatorial Brazil: 1-year analysis of three 12 GHz Earth-space links","authors":"E. Couto de Miranda, L. da Silva Mello, M. Pontes","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730629","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic analysis of attenuation is defined as the statistical analysis of time duration and number of events of a given attenuation level being exceeded. The results from the dynamic statistical analysis of one year of radiometric attenuation measurements in three 12 GHz stations located in equatorial Brazil are presented and discussed. Such data and results are very rarely presented in the literature and may provide design information for the implementation of future satellite communication systems which would operate in such remote and inhospitable areas of the planet.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730676
Z. Šipuš, N. Herscovici, D. Bonefačić
The paper presents a new type of antenna with a dipole-like radiation pattern and circular polarization. The antenna is a cylindrical patch antenna fed by a coaxial line, with a special geometry which generates the circular polarization. The configuration was optimized so it would generate the minimum axial ratio in the azimuthal plane where the pattern is omnidirectional. The antenna proposed is a simple and inexpensive solution for any wireless communication system where omnidirectional pattern and circular polarization are required.
{"title":"The circularly polarized cylindrical patch","authors":"Z. Šipuš, N. Herscovici, D. Bonefačić","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730676","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new type of antenna with a dipole-like radiation pattern and circular polarization. The antenna is a cylindrical patch antenna fed by a coaxial line, with a special geometry which generates the circular polarization. The configuration was optimized so it would generate the minimum axial ratio in the azimuthal plane where the pattern is omnidirectional. The antenna proposed is a simple and inexpensive solution for any wireless communication system where omnidirectional pattern and circular polarization are required.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115851411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730665
J. G. Tagle, C. Christodoulou
The three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm is used to analyze broadband "finite sized" phased arrays antennas that are suitable for wireless communications applications. The antennas analyzed are a coaxially-fed and capacitively coupled stacked microstrip. A phase shift in the time domain is implemented to model the effects of scanning angle. A rigorous feed model, suitable for FDTD analysis with the perfectly matched layer (PML) is used. The mutual coupling and active impedance are calculated and compared to measurements.
{"title":"Modeling of broadband finite sized phased array microstrip antennas","authors":"J. G. Tagle, C. Christodoulou","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730665","url":null,"abstract":"The three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm is used to analyze broadband \"finite sized\" phased arrays antennas that are suitable for wireless communications applications. The antennas analyzed are a coaxially-fed and capacitively coupled stacked microstrip. A phase shift in the time domain is implemented to model the effects of scanning angle. A rigorous feed model, suitable for FDTD analysis with the perfectly matched layer (PML) is used. The mutual coupling and active impedance are calculated and compared to measurements.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730685
P. Kabacik, M. Bialkowski
This paper describes the advantages of using honeycomb composite technology in the design of cheap, flat-panel base station antennas. To demonstrate this technology, antenna elements with dual polarization for use in the in the 890 to 960 MHz frequency band are designed and manufactured. CAD and CAM techniques are used to achieve the design objectives. The antenna has a strong self-supporting construction that is capable of withstanding heavy winds, heavy rains and extreme temperature variations. The design methodology can easily be applied to antenna arrays operating in different frequency bands of mobile communications (from 450 to 1800 MHz). A paramount advantage of using the honeycomb composite technology is the potential for developing base station arrays with large-scale integration of antenna elements and beamforming networks. Such integrated arrays can be achieved in a planar configuration, which disguises the presence of base stations.
{"title":"Microstrip base station antenna made of honeycomb composites","authors":"P. Kabacik, M. Bialkowski","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the advantages of using honeycomb composite technology in the design of cheap, flat-panel base station antennas. To demonstrate this technology, antenna elements with dual polarization for use in the in the 890 to 960 MHz frequency band are designed and manufactured. CAD and CAM techniques are used to achieve the design objectives. The antenna has a strong self-supporting construction that is capable of withstanding heavy winds, heavy rains and extreme temperature variations. The design methodology can easily be applied to antenna arrays operating in different frequency bands of mobile communications (from 450 to 1800 MHz). A paramount advantage of using the honeycomb composite technology is the potential for developing base station arrays with large-scale integration of antenna elements and beamforming networks. Such integrated arrays can be achieved in a planar configuration, which disguises the presence of base stations.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"151 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124615988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1109/APWC.1998.730678
M. Sanad, N. Hassan
PCS and cellular telephones are required to operate well beside the human body. Microstrip antennas could be considered as one of the best candidates for such applications. Microstrip antennas are relatively easy to manufacture in a very accurate repeatable way. They may be fed by coupling and thus, there would not be any physical contact between the antenna and the RF circuit. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to separate the receive and the transmit bands of microstrip antennas to eliminate the duplexer or, at least, make it easy to design. Also, it is relatively easy to design dual-band internal integrated microstrip antennas for PCS and cellular telephones. Moreover, internal integrated microstrip antennas may utilize the E and H field component diversity technique which does not require an additional separate diversity antenna.
{"title":"Compact wide-band microstrip antennas for PCS and cellular phones","authors":"M. Sanad, N. Hassan","doi":"10.1109/APWC.1998.730678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.1998.730678","url":null,"abstract":"PCS and cellular telephones are required to operate well beside the human body. Microstrip antennas could be considered as one of the best candidates for such applications. Microstrip antennas are relatively easy to manufacture in a very accurate repeatable way. They may be fed by coupling and thus, there would not be any physical contact between the antenna and the RF circuit. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to separate the receive and the transmit bands of microstrip antennas to eliminate the duplexer or, at least, make it easy to design. Also, it is relatively easy to design dual-band internal integrated microstrip antennas for PCS and cellular telephones. Moreover, internal integrated microstrip antennas may utilize the E and H field component diversity technique which does not require an additional separate diversity antenna.","PeriodicalId":246376,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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