The loss of pancreatic cells characterises type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the most prevalent chronic autoimmune illness in young individuals. As a result, the body lacks insulin and becomes hyperglycemic. Exogenous insulin cannot replace the endogenous insulin secreted by a healthy pancreas through administration or injection. For restoring the normal regulation of blood glucose in T1DM patients, pancreas and islet transplantation have shown promise. The broad use of these techniques is hindered by a significant shortage of pancreases and islets obtained from human organ donors, transplantation-related difficulties, a high cost, and limited procedural accessibility. There have been initiatives to handle the rising number of T1DM patients. With stem cell therapy, T1DM patients have a high probability of recovery. There have been advancements in stem cell-based therapies for T1DM with the development of research on stem cell treatment for a variety of disorders.
{"title":"Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Ahmed Saeed, M. Sebaiy","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/013","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of pancreatic cells characterises type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the most prevalent chronic autoimmune illness in young individuals. As a result, the body lacks insulin and becomes hyperglycemic. Exogenous insulin cannot replace the endogenous insulin secreted by a healthy pancreas through administration or injection. For restoring the normal regulation of blood glucose in T1DM patients, pancreas and islet transplantation have shown promise. The broad use of these techniques is hindered by a significant shortage of pancreases and islets obtained from human organ donors, transplantation-related difficulties, a high cost, and limited procedural accessibility. There have been initiatives to handle the rising number of T1DM patients. With stem cell therapy, T1DM patients have a high probability of recovery. There have been advancements in stem cell-based therapies for T1DM with the development of research on stem cell treatment for a variety of disorders.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"24 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathematics is closely related to people's daily lives, such as the various shapes that can be seen everywhere, and the various distance relationships. Similarly, industrial production is inseparable from mathematics. The problem of nesting is a representative planning problem in industry and is widely used in the fields of construction, clothing, machinery and wood. With the development of computers, the nesting problem has been significantly improved by relying on the emergence of some intelligent algorithms. However, at the beginning of the problem, establishing a reasonable mathematical model is an essential step. This article summarizes thecommon mathematical models in the troubleshooting problem and analyzesthe advantages and disadvantages during COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Mathematical analysis on troubleshooting problem during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Xia Jiang","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/012","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematics is closely related to people's daily lives, such as the various shapes that can be seen everywhere, and the various distance relationships. Similarly, industrial production is inseparable from mathematics. The problem of nesting is a representative planning problem in industry and is widely used in the fields of construction, clothing, machinery and wood. With the development of computers, the nesting problem has been significantly improved by relying on the emergence of some intelligent algorithms. However, at the beginning of the problem, establishing a reasonable mathematical model is an essential step. This article summarizes thecommon mathematical models in the troubleshooting problem and analyzesthe advantages and disadvantages during COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In mechanical engineering research and design process will involve a large number of mathematical applications. In order to analyze the significance and application of mathematics in the research and design of mechanical engineering, this paper lists and analyzes the basic mathematical equations, mathematical models and finite element related problems in some fields of learning. The results show that the application of mathematics in mechanical engineering is not limited to higher mathematics, but also covers the related knowledgeof numerical processing, matrix theory and other coursesduring COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Biomathematical analysis on mechanical engineering during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Xia Jiang","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/011","url":null,"abstract":"In mechanical engineering research and design process will involve a large number of mathematical applications. In order to analyze the significance and application of mathematics in the research and design of mechanical engineering, this paper lists and analyzes the basic mathematical equations, mathematical models and finite element related problems in some fields of learning. The results show that the application of mathematics in mechanical engineering is not limited to higher mathematics, but also covers the related knowledgeof numerical processing, matrix theory and other coursesduring COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121863890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A stoma is a purposeful surgical connection of a segment of a hollow viscus (intestine, ureter) to the anterior abdominal wall and can be a life-saving procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in respect of stomas (ileostomies, colostomies, ureterostomies) performed in children. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children who had stoma created at the pediatric surgery unit of a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Children who had intestinal or urinary tract stomas were included in the study and covered a 10-year period. The information analyzed included the patients’ age, gender, diagnosis, indications for the stoma creation, type of stoma (colostomy, ileostomy and ureterostomy), post-operative complications and treatment outcome. Results: A total of 112 stomas were created in children during the 10-year study period. There were 80 (71.4%) males and 32 (28.6%) females. Hirschsprung’s disease and typhoid intestinal perforation were the first and second most common indications for stoma creation. Colostomy creation and peristomal skin excoriations were the most performed stoma and most common post-operative complication respectively. Eleven (9.8%) patients expired due to respiratory failure and uncontrollable sepsis. Conclusion: Stoma creation may form an essential component for the treatment of surgical conditions in children and it can be life-saving. Stomas can be created for disorders of the intestinal and urinary tracts. There may be stoma complications accounting for morbidity experienced in these patients.
{"title":"Pediatric Stomas: A Study in a Teaching Hospital, Our Experience","authors":"Okoloagu Nkiruka, Eneh Willis Unebike","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A stoma is a purposeful surgical connection of a segment of a hollow viscus (intestine, ureter) to the anterior abdominal wall and can be a life-saving procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in respect of stomas (ileostomies, colostomies, ureterostomies) performed in children. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children who had stoma created at the pediatric surgery unit of a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Children who had intestinal or urinary tract stomas were included in the study and covered a 10-year period. The information analyzed included the patients’ age, gender, diagnosis, indications for the stoma creation, type of stoma (colostomy, ileostomy and ureterostomy), post-operative complications and treatment outcome. Results: A total of 112 stomas were created in children during the 10-year study period. There were 80 (71.4%) males and 32 (28.6%) females. Hirschsprung’s disease and typhoid intestinal perforation were the first and second most common indications for stoma creation. Colostomy creation and peristomal skin excoriations were the most performed stoma and most common post-operative complication respectively. Eleven (9.8%) patients expired due to respiratory failure and uncontrollable sepsis. Conclusion: Stoma creation may form an essential component for the treatment of surgical conditions in children and it can be life-saving. Stomas can be created for disorders of the intestinal and urinary tracts. There may be stoma complications accounting for morbidity experienced in these patients.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128108521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria is a serious public health problem worldwide despite concerted efforts to control and eliminate it. Zoonotic malaria is emerging as a big threat to malaria elimination efforts. There is a big knowledge gap in our understanding of zoonotic malaria. It is difficult to adequately detect and identify Plasmodium species responsible for zoonotic malaria with conventional diagnostic tools. Although molecular tools have good sensitivity and specificity to diagnose zoonotic malaria, they are not readily available in resource-limited settings. There is limited data on the epidemiology of zoonotic malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. However, various reports signal for the presence of its risk lurking in the area. Therefore, organized and comprehensive studies are needed to characterize its epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa to guide strategies of mitigating zoonotic malaria in particular and malaria in general.
{"title":"Zoonotic malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: A Mini-Review","authors":"Aklilu Alemayehu","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/006","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a serious public health problem worldwide despite concerted efforts to control and eliminate it. Zoonotic malaria is emerging as a big threat to malaria elimination efforts. There is a big knowledge gap in our understanding of zoonotic malaria. It is difficult to adequately detect and identify Plasmodium species responsible for zoonotic malaria with conventional diagnostic tools. Although molecular tools have good sensitivity and specificity to diagnose zoonotic malaria, they are not readily available in resource-limited settings. There is limited data on the epidemiology of zoonotic malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. However, various reports signal for the presence of its risk lurking in the area. Therefore, organized and comprehensive studies are needed to characterize its epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa to guide strategies of mitigating zoonotic malaria in particular and malaria in general.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In addition to the known endemic respiratory viruses, the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been added, with terrible effects on the population worldwide. This virus, like many others, has a glycoprotein structure the so-called spike protein, which interacts with the ACE-2 receptor as a cellular entry gate and thus initiates the infection. Just as this glycosylation causes infectiousness, the effect of the protective antibodies is also determined by their degree of glycosylation. In particular, the so-called Fc part of the immunoglobulins plays an important role. The type of bound sugar such as fucose, mannose, sialic acid, etc. determines, among other things, which reactions are triggered by binding to immune cells such as NK cells to their existing Fc receptors. These include antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) and antibody-dependent cellular complement deposition (ADCD). In addition to protective phagocytosis, these reactions can trigger the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection and also the dreaded cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. The functional diversification of IgGs by Fc glycosylation can be determined and tracked both after vaccination and during the disease.
{"title":"Importance of glycosylation for SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies and COVID-19","authors":"A. Tsamaloukas","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In addition to the known endemic respiratory viruses, the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been added, with terrible effects on the population worldwide. This virus, like many others, has a glycoprotein structure the so-called spike protein, which interacts with the ACE-2 receptor as a cellular entry gate and thus initiates the infection. Just as this glycosylation causes infectiousness, the effect of the protective antibodies is also determined by their degree of glycosylation. In particular, the so-called Fc part of the immunoglobulins plays an important role. The type of bound sugar such as fucose, mannose, sialic acid, etc. determines, among other things, which reactions are triggered by binding to immune cells such as NK cells to their existing Fc receptors. These include antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) and antibody-dependent cellular complement deposition (ADCD). In addition to protective phagocytosis, these reactions can trigger the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection and also the dreaded cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. The functional diversification of IgGs by Fc glycosylation can be determined and tracked both after vaccination and during the disease.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128908384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscular wasting, a lack of muscle tone, or sporadic muscle paralysis are the most common symptoms of ion channel diseases, which are linked to defects in the proteins known as ion channels. Ion channels are diverse and differ with respect to how they open and close (gating) and their ionic conductance and selectivity (permeation). The development of novel molecules to modulate their activity, fundamental understanding of ion channel structure-function mechanisms, their physiological functions, how their dysfunction results in disease, their use as biosensors, and their utility as biosensors are important and active research frontiers. With a particular emphasis on voltage-gated ion channels, ion-channel engineering methods that have been used to investigate these facets of ion channel function are x-rayed.
{"title":"Disorders associated with Ion Channels","authors":"N. Johnkennedy","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/007","url":null,"abstract":"Muscular wasting, a lack of muscle tone, or sporadic muscle paralysis are the most common symptoms of ion channel diseases, which are linked to defects in the proteins known as ion channels. Ion channels are diverse and differ with respect to how they open and close (gating) and their ionic conductance and selectivity (permeation). The development of novel molecules to modulate their activity, fundamental understanding of ion channel structure-function mechanisms, their physiological functions, how their dysfunction results in disease, their use as biosensors, and their utility as biosensors are important and active research frontiers. With a particular emphasis on voltage-gated ion channels, ion-channel engineering methods that have been used to investigate these facets of ion channel function are x-rayed.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128500678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of the study was to measure and assess the c-reactive protein and uric acid levels in preeclampsia patients. In the study, serum samples from 30 participants—15 preeclampsia patients and 15 healthy pregnant women—were tested for levels of c-reactive protein and uric acid. The level of c-reactive protein was determined using an enzymatic technique. The findings demonstrated that, at p0.05, the c-reactive protein concentration was substantially higher in preeclampsia patients (4.770.9 mg/dl) than in healthy pregnant women (1.30.39 mg/dl). Additionally, at p 0.05, preeclampsia patients had significantly higher uric acid concentrations (8.973.35 mg/dl) than healthy pregnant women (3.60.5 mg/dl). These results suggest that preeclampsia is associated with elevated levels of c-reactive protein and uric acid. Consequently, it likely act as a biochemical marker for preeclampsia.
{"title":"Preeclampsia Patients in Owerri Metropolis: Studies Of C-Reactive Protein and Uric Acid Status","authors":"N. Johnkennedy","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/008","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the study was to measure and assess the c-reactive protein and uric acid levels in preeclampsia patients. In the study, serum samples from 30 participants—15 preeclampsia patients and 15 healthy pregnant women—were tested for levels of c-reactive protein and uric acid. The level of c-reactive protein was determined using an enzymatic technique. The findings demonstrated that, at p0.05, the c-reactive protein concentration was substantially higher in preeclampsia patients (4.770.9 mg/dl) than in healthy pregnant women (1.30.39 mg/dl). Additionally, at p 0.05, preeclampsia patients had significantly higher uric acid concentrations (8.973.35 mg/dl) than healthy pregnant women (3.60.5 mg/dl). These results suggest that preeclampsia is associated with elevated levels of c-reactive protein and uric acid. Consequently, it likely act as a biochemical marker for preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114507007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: diabetes mellitus has increased its incidence and prevalence gradually in recent years throughout the world. Currently, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure are the main causes of chronic kidney failure in its different stages. Nephropathy is one of the most serious complications affecting diabetics. Its onset is usually insidious, progresses without symptoms, and generally becomes clinically evident after 5 to 10 years of diabetes progression. This complication in early stages (incipient nephropathy) can be diagnosed through microalbuminuria, which is currently the first marker that exists to detect the existence of the condition. This review aims to summarize the importance of the determination of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients with the aim of making an early diagnosis of the disease and the control of risk factors.
{"title":"Microalbuminuria as a marker of kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Moraima Martell Martínez","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: diabetes mellitus has increased its incidence and prevalence gradually in recent years throughout the world. Currently, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure are the main causes of chronic kidney failure in its different stages. Nephropathy is one of the most serious complications affecting diabetics. Its onset is usually insidious, progresses without symptoms, and generally becomes clinically evident after 5 to 10 years of diabetes progression. This complication in early stages (incipient nephropathy) can be diagnosed through microalbuminuria, which is currently the first marker that exists to detect the existence of the condition. This review aims to summarize the importance of the determination of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients with the aim of making an early diagnosis of the disease and the control of risk factors.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I have been involved in basic research for more than 10 years for innovation of wide range of pharmaceutical products New “Packaging design for Drug delivery” like “Solid doses, Injectables (for anti-cancer, HIV, wide range of vaccines, Covid -19 drugs and Biosimilar products) in “Microgravity Environment like MARS mission.Looking at the presentecological imbalance Scientists are thinking for multiplanetary living system in order tosurvive human species.As we know different planets having critical climatic conditions and Packaging will play a vital role. We as a scientist have clear vision about things are going to happen after 100 years in other planets and from now, we have to keep ready “Packaging designs and delivery systems” for life savings drugs and essential medicines for Astronauts and visitors.
{"title":"Packaging Challenges in Multiplanets","authors":"A. Chanda","doi":"10.58489/2836-2330/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2330/004","url":null,"abstract":"I have been involved in basic research for more than 10 years for innovation of wide range of pharmaceutical products New “Packaging design for Drug delivery” like “Solid doses, Injectables (for anti-cancer, HIV, wide range of vaccines, Covid -19 drugs and Biosimilar products) in “Microgravity Environment like MARS mission.Looking at the presentecological imbalance Scientists are thinking for multiplanetary living system in order tosurvive human species.As we know different planets having critical climatic conditions and Packaging will play a vital role. We as a scientist have clear vision about things are going to happen after 100 years in other planets and from now, we have to keep ready “Packaging designs and delivery systems” for life savings drugs and essential medicines for Astronauts and visitors.","PeriodicalId":247185,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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