Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518324
H. Tazi
One challenge of automotive antenna engineering is to make important decisions concerning the antenna performance and the complete EMC aspects for the complete car at an early stage of development [1]. The focus of the presented paper is related to different numerical methods to present a solution for virtual antenna development. Multiple automotive antennas operating in various frequency ranges are presented. The frequency ranges used start from some kHz up to approximately 100 GHz. The computation of the electromagnetic characteristics of the different antennas requires the solution of Maxwell's equations. In several problem cases, the solution is achieved using different numerical approaches as shown in this paper. Deploying numerical techniques, radiation and scattering problems can be calculated.
{"title":"Numerical simulation approaches for the development of automotive antenna systems","authors":"H. Tazi","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518324","url":null,"abstract":"One challenge of automotive antenna engineering is to make important decisions concerning the antenna performance and the complete EMC aspects for the complete car at an early stage of development [1]. The focus of the presented paper is related to different numerical methods to present a solution for virtual antenna development. Multiple automotive antennas operating in various frequency ranges are presented. The frequency ranges used start from some kHz up to approximately 100 GHz. The computation of the electromagnetic characteristics of the different antennas requires the solution of Maxwell's equations. In several problem cases, the solution is achieved using different numerical approaches as shown in this paper. Deploying numerical techniques, radiation and scattering problems can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"50 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125799422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518327
X. Qing, Zhi Ning Chen, Jin Shi, C. K. Goh
The electric current flowing along a zero-phase-shift (ZPS) line, or segmented line features very less phase lag. The utilization of the ZPS line to configure a segmented loop antenna makes the current along the loop antenna unchanged in phase and flowing in a single direction even when the perimeter of the loop is up to several operating wavelengths. Using such a characteristic, the electrically large segmented loop antenna for ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications, horizontally omnidirectional antenna, and circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications have been designed. In this paper, the state-of-art antenna designs using the ZPS segmented line are reviewed and presented.
{"title":"Zero-phase-shift line antennas","authors":"X. Qing, Zhi Ning Chen, Jin Shi, C. K. Goh","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518327","url":null,"abstract":"The electric current flowing along a zero-phase-shift (ZPS) line, or segmented line features very less phase lag. The utilization of the ZPS line to configure a segmented loop antenna makes the current along the loop antenna unchanged in phase and flowing in a single direction even when the perimeter of the loop is up to several operating wavelengths. Using such a characteristic, the electrically large segmented loop antenna for ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications, horizontally omnidirectional antenna, and circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications have been designed. In this paper, the state-of-art antenna designs using the ZPS segmented line are reviewed and presented.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128492795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518341
M. Sallam, E. Soliman
In this paper, an antenna array operating at 60 GHz and realized on 0.675 mm thick silicon substrate is presented. The array is constructed using four micromachined half-wavelength dipoles fed by a corporate feeding network. Isolation between the antenna array and its feeding network is achieved via a ground plane. This arrangement leads to maximizing the broadside radiation with relatively high front-to-back ratio. Simulations have been carried out using both HFSS and CST, which showed very good agreement. Results reveal that the proposed antenna array has good radiation characteristics, where the directivity, gain, and radiation efficiency are around 10.5 dBi, 9.5 dBi, and 79%, respectively.
{"title":"Corporate array of micromachined dipoles on silicon wafer for 60 GHz communication systems","authors":"M. Sallam, E. Soliman","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518341","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an antenna array operating at 60 GHz and realized on 0.675 mm thick silicon substrate is presented. The array is constructed using four micromachined half-wavelength dipoles fed by a corporate feeding network. Isolation between the antenna array and its feeding network is achieved via a ground plane. This arrangement leads to maximizing the broadside radiation with relatively high front-to-back ratio. Simulations have been carried out using both HFSS and CST, which showed very good agreement. Results reveal that the proposed antenna array has good radiation characteristics, where the directivity, gain, and radiation efficiency are around 10.5 dBi, 9.5 dBi, and 79%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125316734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518377
H. Wong, K. Ng, C. Chan, K. Luk
In this paper, we introduce three printed wideband antenna designs for millimeter-wave applications. They are (1) U-slot loaded patch antenna, (2) vertical patch antenna, and (3) magneto-electric dipole antenna. This work is to demonstrate how to use printed element, plated-through-hole element and their combination to develop wideband antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies. The first example performs a directional radiation from a printed radiating patch with a wide impedance bandwidth of 33% (for reflection coefficient <; -10 dB) and a maximum gain of 7 dBi. The second design realizes a broadside radiation from a vertical via-hole embedded in a microwave substrate. This antenna has the impedance bandwidth of 50% and obtains a maximum gain of 9 dBi. Finally, the third antenna comprises of printed and plated-through-hole elements to obtain a directional radiation pattern with low cross polarization level, low back radiation, and stable antenna gain across the operating bandwidth. The antenna yields an impedance bandwidth of 40% and a maximum gain of 8 dBi.
{"title":"Printed antennas for millimeter-wave applications","authors":"H. Wong, K. Ng, C. Chan, K. Luk","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518377","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce three printed wideband antenna designs for millimeter-wave applications. They are (1) U-slot loaded patch antenna, (2) vertical patch antenna, and (3) magneto-electric dipole antenna. This work is to demonstrate how to use printed element, plated-through-hole element and their combination to develop wideband antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies. The first example performs a directional radiation from a printed radiating patch with a wide impedance bandwidth of 33% (for reflection coefficient <; -10 dB) and a maximum gain of 7 dBi. The second design realizes a broadside radiation from a vertical via-hole embedded in a microwave substrate. This antenna has the impedance bandwidth of 50% and obtains a maximum gain of 9 dBi. Finally, the third antenna comprises of printed and plated-through-hole elements to obtain a directional radiation pattern with low cross polarization level, low back radiation, and stable antenna gain across the operating bandwidth. The antenna yields an impedance bandwidth of 40% and a maximum gain of 8 dBi.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121746022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518347
Y. Murakami, T. Hori, M. Fujimoto
A high gain and low-profile antenna can be realized by using an AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) reflector that has PMC (Perfect Magnetic Conductor) characteristics. Since the configuration of the AMC reflector must be adjusted for each antenna, the configuration of the optimum AMC reflector has never been studied. This paper, describes the optimum AMC reflector configuration for high directive gain and low-profile dipole antenna with the AMC reflector. Here, the optimum number of AMC elements and the size of the ground plane of the AMC reflector are considered. And, a new arrangement of the elements for the AMC reflector is proposed. It was found by the simulation results that the highest directive gain was achieved by the dipole antenna with the AMC reflector with the 5×8 elements. Moreover, it was understood that the optimum AMC reflector didn't depend on the size of the ground plane. The directive gain of the optimum configuration of the AMC reflector was almost 11.6 dBi.
{"title":"Optimum reflector configuration for dipole antenna by using artificial magnetic conductor","authors":"Y. Murakami, T. Hori, M. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518347","url":null,"abstract":"A high gain and low-profile antenna can be realized by using an AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) reflector that has PMC (Perfect Magnetic Conductor) characteristics. Since the configuration of the AMC reflector must be adjusted for each antenna, the configuration of the optimum AMC reflector has never been studied. This paper, describes the optimum AMC reflector configuration for high directive gain and low-profile dipole antenna with the AMC reflector. Here, the optimum number of AMC elements and the size of the ground plane of the AMC reflector are considered. And, a new arrangement of the elements for the AMC reflector is proposed. It was found by the simulation results that the highest directive gain was achieved by the dipole antenna with the AMC reflector with the 5×8 elements. Moreover, it was understood that the optimum AMC reflector didn't depend on the size of the ground plane. The directive gain of the optimum configuration of the AMC reflector was almost 11.6 dBi.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.3233/978-1-61499-230-1-121
A. Neto, N. Llombart, J. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, S. Yates
This contribution presents the fabrication and measurements of the leaky lens antenna integrated with a cryogenically cooled Kinetic Inductance Detector, in order to achieve an ultra sensitive THz receivers over a bandwidth ranging from 0.15 GHz to 1.5 THz. The system has been manufactured and characterized in terms of power efficiency, and radiation pattern properties. The agreement between the expectations and the measurements is excellent already at this first attempt. These measurements demonstrate the manufacturability and repeatability at THz frequencies of the properties of the leaky lens antenna concept.
{"title":"THz leaky lens antenna integrated with Kinetic Inductance Detectors","authors":"A. Neto, N. Llombart, J. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, S. Yates","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-230-1-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-230-1-121","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution presents the fabrication and measurements of the leaky lens antenna integrated with a cryogenically cooled Kinetic Inductance Detector, in order to achieve an ultra sensitive THz receivers over a bandwidth ranging from 0.15 GHz to 1.5 THz. The system has been manufactured and characterized in terms of power efficiency, and radiation pattern properties. The agreement between the expectations and the measurements is excellent already at this first attempt. These measurements demonstrate the manufacturability and repeatability at THz frequencies of the properties of the leaky lens antenna concept.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129349875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518375
W. Geyi
The miniaturization of small antenna Q has been discussed in this article. The Q can be expressed as a Rayleigh quotient, which is a linear functional of the current distribution on the antenna. By minimizing the Rayleigh quotient, a generalized eigenvalue equation can be obtained. The smallest eigenvalue gives the minimum possible quality factor for a specified antenna structure, and the corresponding eigenvector is the optimized current distribution that renders the Q minimum for the specified antenna geometry.
{"title":"Miniaturization of small antenna Q","authors":"W. Geyi","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518375","url":null,"abstract":"The miniaturization of small antenna Q has been discussed in this article. The Q can be expressed as a Rayleigh quotient, which is a linear functional of the current distribution on the antenna. By minimizing the Rayleigh quotient, a generalized eigenvalue equation can be obtained. The smallest eigenvalue gives the minimum possible quality factor for a specified antenna structure, and the corresponding eigenvector is the optimized current distribution that renders the Q minimum for the specified antenna geometry.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131177678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518358
C. Schulz, C. Baer, N. Pohl, T. Musch, B. Will, I. Rolfes
A multi directional dielectric lens approach for beam steering on the basis of an ellipsoidal antenna is presented in this paper. Good antenna characteristics allow a modification of the feeding device used for the desired beam steering in industrial RADAR applications at 24 GHz. Based on a geometrical-optical lens approach and 3D-electromagnetic field simulations the antenna is investigated and the resulting effects of the modification are discussed. The antenna beam is steerable in a wide range, only limited by the antenna dimensions. Using a movable waveguide or multiple feeding elements in one antenna within the same plane, an adjustable beam direction as well as a multistatic beam steering can be realized. Measurements of a prototype confirm the expected behaviour and demonstrate the applicability of the dielectric ellipsoidal lens antenna for beam steering in industrial RADAR applications.
{"title":"A multi directional dielectric lens approach for antennas used in industrial RADAR applications","authors":"C. Schulz, C. Baer, N. Pohl, T. Musch, B. Will, I. Rolfes","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518358","url":null,"abstract":"A multi directional dielectric lens approach for beam steering on the basis of an ellipsoidal antenna is presented in this paper. Good antenna characteristics allow a modification of the feeding device used for the desired beam steering in industrial RADAR applications at 24 GHz. Based on a geometrical-optical lens approach and 3D-electromagnetic field simulations the antenna is investigated and the resulting effects of the modification are discussed. The antenna beam is steerable in a wide range, only limited by the antenna dimensions. Using a movable waveguide or multiple feeding elements in one antenna within the same plane, an adjustable beam direction as well as a multistatic beam steering can be realized. Measurements of a prototype confirm the expected behaviour and demonstrate the applicability of the dielectric ellipsoidal lens antenna for beam steering in industrial RADAR applications.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124672300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518340
S. Ta, I. Park
This paper presents a closely spaced two-element folded-dipole-driven quasi-Yagi array with low mutual coupling between adjacent elements. The antenna utilizes a T-junction power divider as the feeding network with an input impedance of 50 Ω. A microstrip stub is added to the ground plane in the middle of the two elements to improve the mutual coupling characteristics. The folded dipole driver is connected to a 50 Ω microstrip line via a broadband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition with a quarter-wavelength radial stub. A mutual coupling of less than -21 dB is exhibited between two folded-dipole-driven quasi-Yagi antennas with a center-to-center spacing of 30 mm (0.55 λ0 at 5.5 GHz). The proposed quasi-Yagi array yields a bandwidth of 4.7-6.5 GHz for the -10 dB reflection coefficient and a gain of 6.6-7.6 dBi within the bandwidth range.
{"title":"Two-element folded-dipole-driven quasi-Yagi array with low mutual coupling","authors":"S. Ta, I. Park","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518340","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a closely spaced two-element folded-dipole-driven quasi-Yagi array with low mutual coupling between adjacent elements. The antenna utilizes a T-junction power divider as the feeding network with an input impedance of 50 Ω. A microstrip stub is added to the ground plane in the middle of the two elements to improve the mutual coupling characteristics. The folded dipole driver is connected to a 50 Ω microstrip line via a broadband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition with a quarter-wavelength radial stub. A mutual coupling of less than -21 dB is exhibited between two folded-dipole-driven quasi-Yagi antennas with a center-to-center spacing of 30 mm (0.55 λ0 at 5.5 GHz). The proposed quasi-Yagi array yields a bandwidth of 4.7-6.5 GHz for the -10 dB reflection coefficient and a gain of 6.6-7.6 dBi within the bandwidth range.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121649775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-04DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518356
P. Gruner, W. Menzel
The design and first experimental results for a single-layer, dual-frequency reflectarray for arbitrary polarization is presented. The underlying reflector element is a double square ring structure where the inner ring is folded to cover all necessary phase angles at two frequencies individually. In this work, an antenna for the VSAT frequencies of 20GHz and 30 GHz has been taken as an example. With a 150 mm × 150 mm large reflector, beamwidths of 5.6° and 3.8° have been realized in the 20 GHz and 30 GHz range, respectively.
{"title":"Single-layer dual-frequency reflectarray","authors":"P. Gruner, W. Menzel","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2013.6518356","url":null,"abstract":"The design and first experimental results for a single-layer, dual-frequency reflectarray for arbitrary polarization is presented. The underlying reflector element is a double square ring structure where the inner ring is folded to cover all necessary phase angles at two frequencies individually. In this work, an antenna for the VSAT frequencies of 20GHz and 30 GHz has been taken as an example. With a 150 mm × 150 mm large reflector, beamwidths of 5.6° and 3.8° have been realized in the 20 GHz and 30 GHz range, respectively.","PeriodicalId":247542,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122566462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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