Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6014
Brooke Ellison-Wareing
In 2015, the federal government committed to ending drinking water advisories in First Nations communities across Canada by 2021. Their approach involves an increase in monetary commitments to improving water quality infrastructure in priority First Nations communities. The perception surrounding water-based infrastructure investments in First Nations communities is that infrastructure grants will solve the issues related to boil water advisories and allow for all individuals in communities to access clean water. While the investments are overdue and necessary, infrastructure alone does not address the institutional issues related to governance of water for First Nations reserves. Furthermore, as Indigenous peoples have constitutionally protected Aboriginal and treaty rights, and international rights (e.g. UNDRIP) of which many are tied to safe water, Indigenous peoples are seeking to incorporate Indigenous laws into their local water governance systems. The goal of this research is to examine gaps in the literature related to First Nations water governance and policy and investigate alternative models of community level water governance. Focusing in Ontario, this research will investigate, the historical context which influences current water governance and created the framework for water management in First Nations communities. By identifying gaps in the planning and implementation projects, this research aims to add to the toolkit of potential solutions and improve the holistic approach to water management within First Nations communities across Ontario.
{"title":"Infrastructure Alone is Not Enough: Identifying Gaps in the Literature Regarding First Nations Water Governance","authors":"Brooke Ellison-Wareing","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6014","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the federal government committed to ending drinking water advisories in First Nations communities across Canada by 2021. Their approach involves an increase in monetary commitments to improving water quality infrastructure in priority First Nations communities. The perception surrounding water-based infrastructure investments in First Nations communities is that infrastructure grants will solve the issues related to boil water advisories and allow for all individuals in communities to access clean water. While the investments are overdue and necessary, infrastructure alone does not address the institutional issues related to governance of water for First Nations reserves. Furthermore, as Indigenous peoples have constitutionally protected Aboriginal and treaty rights, and international rights (e.g. UNDRIP) of which many are tied to safe water, Indigenous peoples are seeking to incorporate Indigenous laws into their local water governance systems. The goal of this research is to examine gaps in the literature related to First Nations water governance and policy and investigate alternative models of community level water governance. Focusing in Ontario, this research will investigate, the historical context which influences current water governance and created the framework for water management in First Nations communities. By identifying gaps in the planning and implementation projects, this research aims to add to the toolkit of potential solutions and improve the holistic approach to water management within First Nations communities across Ontario.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130802102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6000
A. Abdulai
Agriculture and food, the sector at the centre of many debates on technology driven human civilization, may be at the onset of another transformation: a transformation showing glimpse of both old and new revolutionary and incremental change in what farming means, where and how it is done and our relationship to the land, especially within rural settings. Today, food and agricultural systems are once again experiencing what can be described as another technological surge, a digital-driven potential transition. Emerging technologies including mobile support systems, precision agricultural tools, drone technologies, RFID and blockchain, sensors, satellite system, just to mention a few, are being employed across the food system, a system intrinsically and extrinsically connected to the what and the how of the countryside. There is no hiding that these recent development holds broader implications for both agriculture and farming, and rurality at large. However, at present, we are oblivious to the particularities of these implications. But we need to start the conversations about the implications for the rural to adequately prepare for what it has in stock for rural development and restructuring. What I seek to do in my research is to begin to ask some social questions on the digital surge in agriculture, with specific emphasis on how it will affect practices and performalities of rurality across rural landscapes. It is my intention to spur initial discussions with this preliminary presentation and engage audiences in exploring specific forms of the rural and farming that should be considered in this emerging field.
{"title":"The Social Disruptiveness of Digital Agricultural Technologies: Asking Questions in the Context(s) that Matter","authors":"A. Abdulai","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6000","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture and food, the sector at the centre of many debates on technology driven human civilization, may be at the onset of another transformation: a transformation showing glimpse of both old and new revolutionary and incremental change in what farming means, where and how it is done and our relationship to the land, especially within rural settings. Today, food and agricultural systems are once again experiencing what can be described as another technological surge, a digital-driven potential transition. Emerging technologies including mobile support systems, precision agricultural tools, drone technologies, RFID and blockchain, sensors, satellite system, just to mention a few, are being employed across the food system, a system intrinsically and extrinsically connected to the what and the how of the countryside. There is no hiding that these recent development holds broader implications for both agriculture and farming, and rurality at large. However, at present, we are oblivious to the particularities of these implications. But we need to start the conversations about the implications for the rural to adequately prepare for what it has in stock for rural development and restructuring. What I seek to do in my research is to begin to ask some social questions on the digital surge in agriculture, with specific emphasis on how it will affect practices and performalities of rurality across rural landscapes. It is my intention to spur initial discussions with this preliminary presentation and engage audiences in exploring specific forms of the rural and farming that should be considered in this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6013
Sharon Wan
This project has gone through several phases over several years:The initial phase led to the development of the Healthy Rural Communities Toolkit (funded by Public Health Ontario). The second phase (funded by the Guelph/OMAFRA Partnership) involved KTT with workshops delivered across the Province. The third phase (funded by Public Health Ontario and the School of Environmental Design and Rural Development) saw the development of educational materials, most recently culminating in a graduate course oriented to planning and public health students. Overall, this project aims to identify evidence-informed strategies and models of practice for land use planning policies, procedures and designs for the built environment to improve population health outcomes in rural communities. It has been identified that these communities often have limited resources and minimal development. This presentation will introduce a main output of this project— a toolkit which identifies rural land use policies that have successfully increased the capacity of the community to achieve positive health outcomes. This toolkit is produced to advise public health professionals, land use planners, municipal staff and elected officials of effective strategies and models of practice. The presentation will also introduce educational materials developed in support of the graduate course: Healthy Rural and Small-Town Communities. This includes many publicly available videos and other resource materials.
{"title":"Healthy Rural Communities: Strategies and Models of Practice","authors":"Sharon Wan","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6013","url":null,"abstract":"This project has gone through several phases over several years:The initial phase led to the development of the Healthy Rural Communities Toolkit (funded by Public Health Ontario). The second phase (funded by the Guelph/OMAFRA Partnership) involved KTT with workshops delivered across the Province. The third phase (funded by Public Health Ontario and the School of Environmental Design and Rural Development) saw the development of educational materials, most recently culminating in a graduate course oriented to planning and public health students. Overall, this project aims to identify evidence-informed strategies and models of practice for land use planning policies, procedures and designs for the built environment to improve population health outcomes in rural communities. It has been identified that these communities often have limited resources and minimal development. This presentation will introduce a main output of this project— a toolkit which identifies rural land use policies that have successfully increased the capacity of the community to achieve positive health outcomes. This toolkit is produced to advise public health professionals, land use planners, municipal staff and elected officials of effective strategies and models of practice. The presentation will also introduce educational materials developed in support of the graduate course: Healthy Rural and Small-Town Communities. This includes many publicly available videos and other resource materials.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6007
Timothy Hunting
The Trans Canada Trail is the world’s largest recreational trail network, spanning 24,000 km and connecting 15,000 diverse communities across Canada from coast, to coast, to coast. The research currently being undertaken is to investigate both barriers and solutions for best planning practices pertaining to recreational trail networks and, specifically, for the TCT. Using mixed methods of both semi-structured interviews and recurring surveys, the methodology of this research project pairs together key-informants from communities of both similar and diverse characteristics and provides them with a participatory outlet for knowledge sharing to occur. Applications of this research project has the potential to create synergies between various stakeholders and interest groups, such as active transportation coalitions, economic development practitioners, and conservation authorities. In rural Ontario, where safety and accessibility to the TCT is dramatically far from being consistent, research findings may have particular salience
{"title":"Exchanging Locally Informed Recreational Trail Development Practices to Build a Better Trans Canada Trail","authors":"Timothy Hunting","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6007","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans Canada Trail is the world’s largest recreational trail network, spanning 24,000 km and connecting 15,000 diverse communities across Canada from coast, to coast, to coast. The research currently being undertaken is to investigate both barriers and solutions for best planning practices pertaining to recreational trail networks and, specifically, for the TCT. Using mixed methods of both semi-structured interviews and recurring surveys, the methodology of this research project pairs together key-informants from communities of both similar and diverse characteristics and provides them with a participatory outlet for knowledge sharing to occur. Applications of this research project has the potential to create synergies between various stakeholders and interest groups, such as active transportation coalitions, economic development practitioners, and conservation authorities. In rural Ontario, where safety and accessibility to the TCT is dramatically far from being consistent, research findings may have particular salience","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132642425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6003
Cameron Curran
Onsite wastewater systems, commonly known as septic systems, can pose serious threats to the health and functionality of lakes, aquatic systems, and rural communities if effluent is not sufficiently treated. To ensure septic systems are functioning well and having minimal impacts on the natural environment and human health, regular maintenance, reinspections, and record keeping are required under Section 8.9 of the Ontario Building Code. The objective of this project is to improve the capacity of municipalities within the Lake Simcoe Watershed for adopting septic reinspection program best practices. Mandated and discretionary programs will be analyzed for their effectiveness within vulnerable areas. The information gathered from the project research phases will be used to inform the development of a final proposed best practice framework for completing onsite wastewater system reinspection programs in Ontario.
{"title":"Best Practices for Onsite Wastewater System Inspections, Maintenance and Record Keeping in the Lake Simcoe Watershed","authors":"Cameron Curran","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6003","url":null,"abstract":"Onsite wastewater systems, commonly known as septic systems, can pose serious threats to the health and functionality of lakes, aquatic systems, and rural communities if effluent is not sufficiently treated. To ensure septic systems are functioning well and having minimal impacts on the natural environment and human health, regular maintenance, reinspections, and record keeping are required under Section 8.9 of the Ontario Building Code. The objective of this project is to improve the capacity of municipalities within the Lake Simcoe Watershed for adopting septic reinspection program best practices. Mandated and discretionary programs will be analyzed for their effectiveness within vulnerable areas. The information gathered from the project research phases will be used to inform the development of a final proposed best practice framework for completing onsite wastewater system reinspection programs in Ontario.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129828369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6005
Natalya Garrod
My research will examine how collaborative source water protection planning involving First Nations, municipalities, and conservation authorities can act as an avenue for enhancing water security on-reserves in southern Ontario. There is plenty of academic literature that examines the extent of water quality issues on First Nations reserves in Canada, and on the factors that contribute to the problem. However, what is lacking are those focused on collaborative efforts between First Nations, municipalities, and conservation authorities. This gap has been acknowledged by other academics in the field. For example, Nelles and Alcantara (2011) claim scholars have ignored the variety of inter-governmental agreements between Indigenous communities and municipal governments in Canada. “We know very little about collaborative agreements, how or why they have emerged or failed to emerge, and whether or not they would be successful” (Nelles and Alcantara, 2011). Some questions have yet to been answered, such as, what collaborative models currently exist that would enable source water protection? What kind of relationships exist between First Nations and their neighbouring municipalities and conservation authorities? How can these relationships work to positively impact source water protection in the region? The goal of this research is to assess the attitudes, opinions, and experiences of First Nations, Municipalities, and Conservation Authorities in a shared watershed to determine how they might be able to work towards collaborative source water protection planning. A case study approach will be used with COTTFN, the City of London, and Upper and Lower Thames Conservation Authorities. This document will act as a guide to collaborative efforts and relationship building can enhance source water protection.
{"title":"Exploring Attitudes Towards Water Collaboration for Source Water Protection Between First Nations and Ontario Municipalities","authors":"Natalya Garrod","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6005","url":null,"abstract":"My research will examine how collaborative source water protection planning involving First Nations, municipalities, and conservation authorities can act as an avenue for enhancing water security on-reserves in southern Ontario. There is plenty of academic literature that examines the extent of water quality issues on First Nations reserves in Canada, and on the factors that contribute to the problem. However, what is lacking are those focused on collaborative efforts between First Nations, municipalities, and conservation authorities. This gap has been acknowledged by other academics in the field. For example, Nelles and Alcantara (2011) claim scholars have ignored the variety of inter-governmental agreements between Indigenous communities and municipal governments in Canada. “We know very little about collaborative agreements, how or why they have emerged or failed to emerge, and whether or not they would be successful” (Nelles and Alcantara, 2011). Some questions have yet to been answered, such as, what collaborative models currently exist that would enable source water protection? What kind of relationships exist between First Nations and their neighbouring municipalities and conservation authorities? How can these relationships work to positively impact source water protection in the region? The goal of this research is to assess the attitudes, opinions, and experiences of First Nations, Municipalities, and Conservation Authorities in a shared watershed to determine how they might be able to work towards collaborative source water protection planning. A case study approach will be used with COTTFN, the City of London, and Upper and Lower Thames Conservation Authorities. This document will act as a guide to collaborative efforts and relationship building can enhance source water protection.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128170960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6009
Shannon Labelle
The purpose of this research is to explore the connections and impacts the opioid epidemic has had on First Nation communities. Particularly looking at communities that are in rural and remote locations across Ontario. The opioid epidemic has impacted all of Ontario, and it is garnering a lot of public attention. However, rural communities are not as well equip to deal with such an issue as their urban counterparts. I would like to explore the extent of the opioid impact on said communities, discuss potential solutions, and address gaps in literature regarding this topic and as it relates specifically to First Nations.
{"title":"The Opioid Epidemic and Rural First Nation Communities","authors":"Shannon Labelle","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6009","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to explore the connections and impacts the opioid epidemic has had on First Nation communities. Particularly looking at communities that are in rural and remote locations across Ontario. The opioid epidemic has impacted all of Ontario, and it is garnering a lot of public attention. However, rural communities are not as well equip to deal with such an issue as their urban counterparts. I would like to explore the extent of the opioid impact on said communities, discuss potential solutions, and address gaps in literature regarding this topic and as it relates specifically to First Nations.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131965101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6017
Anthony Offor
It is a project that looks at how best to improve the economic stability of the community environmental and economic rural development.
这个项目着眼于如何最好地改善社区的经济稳定、环境和农村经济发展。
{"title":"Rural Development in Campobello Island","authors":"Anthony Offor","doi":"10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6017","url":null,"abstract":"It is a project that looks at how best to improve the economic stability of the community environmental and economic rural development.","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21083/ruralreview.v5i1.6596
N. Garrod
First Nations in Canada are disproportionately affected by chronic drinking water insecurity (Bakker, 2012). Aboriginal Affair and Northern Development Canada conducted an assessment of First Nations water and wastewater systems in 2001 and found significant risk to the quality and safety of drinking water on three- quarters of all systems (Johns and Rasmussen, 2008). Neegan Burnside (2011) classified four differentrisks that affect drinking water systems for First Nations, which include, no source water protection plan,deterioration of water quality over time, risk of contamination, and insufficient capacity to meet futurerequirements. This study found that the two highest risks were risk of source water contamination and thelack of a community source water protection plan (Neegan Burnside, 2011). Water security, sustainableaccess on a watershed basis to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality to ensure human andecosystem health (Bakker, 2012), therefore requires source water protection and collaboration amongwater actors. Collaboration is defined as the pooling of resources by multiple stakeholders to solveproblems, which includes a balance of power among actors, mutually agreed upon objectives, is perceived as legitimate, and includes a wide variety of stakeholders (Ashlie, 2019; Van Der Porten, 2013; Spencer etal., 2016; Black & McBean, 2017).
{"title":"Understanding Local Water Collaboration for the Potential to Enhance Community Source Water Protection at Chippewas of the Thames First Nation","authors":"N. Garrod","doi":"10.21083/ruralreview.v5i1.6596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/ruralreview.v5i1.6596","url":null,"abstract":"First Nations in Canada are disproportionately affected by chronic drinking water insecurity (Bakker, 2012). Aboriginal Affair and Northern Development Canada conducted an assessment of First Nations water and wastewater systems in 2001 and found significant risk to the quality and safety of drinking water on three- quarters of all systems (Johns and Rasmussen, 2008). Neegan Burnside (2011) classified four differentrisks that affect drinking water systems for First Nations, which include, no source water protection plan,deterioration of water quality over time, risk of contamination, and insufficient capacity to meet futurerequirements. This study found that the two highest risks were risk of source water contamination and thelack of a community source water protection plan (Neegan Burnside, 2011). Water security, sustainableaccess on a watershed basis to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality to ensure human andecosystem health (Bakker, 2012), therefore requires source water protection and collaboration amongwater actors. Collaboration is defined as the pooling of resources by multiple stakeholders to solveproblems, which includes a balance of power among actors, mutually agreed upon objectives, is perceived as legitimate, and includes a wide variety of stakeholders (Ashlie, 2019; Van Der Porten, 2013; Spencer etal., 2016; Black & McBean, 2017).","PeriodicalId":247701,"journal":{"name":"Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124757323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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