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Sustainable Agriculture: Farmers’ Perspectives on Transition to Sustainable Agricultural Practices 可持续农业:向可持续农业实践过渡的农民视角
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6016
Paige E. Allen
The role of sustainability in Canadian agricultural production systems is a complex and evolving topic. In 2018 Canada announced the launch of a five-year Canadian Agricultural Partnership which is a $3 billion funding initiative between the federal, provincial and territorial governments. Innovation and sustainability is one of the key elements of the initiative. The purpose of this research is to increase policy discussion in relation to sustainable agriculture through the engagement of farmers in Southern Ontario. This research will help improve the sustainable policies and programs by investigating farmers’ views on the inclusion and transition to sustainable farming practices, factors influencing farmers’ decisions to make the transition, as well as identifying deficits in current sustainable policy and programming in Ontario. It is essential to develop research which is representative of farmers’ viewpoints on as they are the stakeholders directly impacted by the policies and programs which are developed and enacted.
可持续性在加拿大农业生产系统中的作用是一个复杂而不断发展的话题。2018年,加拿大宣布启动一项为期五年的加拿大农业伙伴关系计划,这是联邦、省和地区政府之间的一项30亿美元的资助计划。创新和可持续性是该倡议的关键要素之一。本研究的目的是通过南安大略省农民的参与,增加与可持续农业有关的政策讨论。本研究将通过调查农民对纳入和过渡到可持续农业实践的看法,影响农民决定进行过渡的因素,以及确定安大略省当前可持续政策和规划的缺陷,帮助改善可持续政策和计划。开展代表农民观点的研究至关重要,因为他们是直接受制定和颁布的政策和计划影响的利益相关者。
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引用次数: 0
Controlling Pathogens and Chemical Contaminants in Greenhouse Irrigation Water through Electrochemical Processes 利用电化学方法控制温室灌溉水中的病原体和化学污染物
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6010
Serge Lévesque
The capture and re-use of greenhouse irrigation/fertigation water is an efficient use of ever more limited water resources.  Although, when capturing and re-applying fertigation solutions there is a greater risk for both pathogen proliferation and chemical contaminant accumulation, both of which can lead to reduced productivity and, in more severe cases, crop loss.  In order to avoid these obstacles, it is important that grower’s employ some form of water treatment.  Electrochemical disinfection can be used to treat irrigation water by producing and recycling chemical components, in situ, that limit pathogen proliferation while degrading chemical contaminants.  Two electrode types (Dimensionally Stable Anodes & Boron-Doped Diamond) using regenerative in situ processes are tested and will be evaluated on their suitability for crop production.  Upon analyzing the electrochemical systems’ ability for disinfection and organic pollutant degradation, they appear to be compatible with crop production following preliminary trials.
温室灌溉/施肥用水的收集和再利用是对日益有限的水资源的有效利用。然而,当捕获和重新施用施肥溶液时,病原体增殖和化学污染物积累的风险更大,这两者都可能导致生产力下降,在更严重的情况下,还可能导致作物损失。为了避免这些障碍,重要的是种植者采用某种形式的水处理。电化学消毒可用于处理灌溉水,通过生产和回收化学成分,在原地,限制病原体增殖,同时降解化学污染物。使用再生原位工艺的两种电极类型(尺寸稳定阳极和掺硼金刚石)进行了测试,并将评估其对作物生产的适用性。通过分析电化学系统的消毒和有机污染物降解能力,初步试验表明它们与作物生产相容。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Barriers to Livestock Production in the Clay Belt Region of Northern Ontario 了解安大略省北部粘土带地区畜牧业生产的障碍
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6004
Sara Epp
The Clay Belt region in northern Ontario has recently been promoted as an ideal area for new agricultural endeavours, particularly related to livestock production. While opportunities may exist, many barriers, both perceived and real, significantly impact the expansion of this industry. This presentation will provide findings from a joint study conducted by researchers at the University of Guelph and University of Hearst. In particular, it will summarize barriers identified by participant group, including existing farmers, prospective farmers and youth, among others. Possible solutions and future research activities will also be provided.
安大略省北部的粘土带地区最近被宣传为开展新的农业活动,特别是与畜牧生产有关的活动的理想地区。虽然机会可能存在,但许多障碍,无论是感知到的还是实际存在的,都严重影响了该行业的扩张。本报告将提供圭尔夫大学和赫斯特大学的研究人员进行的一项联合研究的结果。特别是,它将总结参与者群体确定的障碍,包括现有农民、未来农民和青年等。还将提供可能的解决方案和未来的研究活动。
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引用次数: 0
Building the Future: Rural Infrastructure and Regional Economic Development 建设未来:农村基础设施与区域经济发展
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6020
A. Weeden
Communities of all sizes must balance fiscal realities, changing economies, aging infrastructure, changing demographics, and a challenging climate as they work to manage their core infrastructure assets and accommodate and/or address new infrastructure and service demands. Given these challenges, are rural Ontario communities capable of responding to infrastructure pressures and opportunities? How does that capacity – or lack thereof – affect a community’s current and future long-term economic development? Funded by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs through the University of Guelph-OMAFRA Research Partnership, this research initiative will examine the capacity of different communities in rural Ontario to respond to infrastructure pressures and how these response impact their short and long-term economic well-being. Running from 2018-2021, the research team will use surveys, workshops, content analysis, and case studies, to develop recommendations for addressing these issues through both immediate and long-term policy alternatives. This research initiative will directly support rural Ontario’s economic vitality by providing three key benefits: enhanced understanding of the diversity and varying levels of rural community capacities, improved and more nuanced public policy, and enhanced rural infrastructure development programming.
各种规模的社区在努力管理其核心基础设施资产并适应和/或满足新的基础设施和服务需求时,必须平衡财政现实、不断变化的经济、老化的基础设施、不断变化的人口结构和具有挑战性的气候。面对这些挑战,安大略省农村社区是否有能力应对基础设施的压力和机遇?这种能力——或缺乏这种能力——如何影响一个社区当前和未来的长期经济发展?由安大略省农业、食品和农村事务部通过圭尔夫大学- omafra研究伙伴关系资助,该研究计划将研究安大略省农村不同社区应对基础设施压力的能力,以及这些反应如何影响他们的短期和长期经济福祉。从2018年到2021年,研究小组将利用调查、研讨会、内容分析和案例研究,制定建议,通过短期和长期政策替代方案解决这些问题。这项研究计划将通过提供三个关键好处,直接支持安大略省农村的经济活力:加强对农村社区能力的多样性和不同水平的理解,改善和更细致的公共政策,以及加强农村基础设施发展规划。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Decision-Making Process of Physicians in Rural Ontario: The Perspectives and Attitudes on Medical Cannabis 调查安大略省农村医生的决策过程:对医用大麻的看法和态度
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6008
Asiful Islam
This thesis will guide health communities to better understand the clinical decision-making process that physicians from rural Ontario undergo when considering whether to prescribe medical cannabis to patients for their medical condition. Very few studies have been conducted which examine the perspectives of physicians on medical cannabis, especially in rural areas, and these studies have found that most physicians are skeptical towards medical cannabis. This skeptical perspective of physicians has complicated the clinical decision-making process as “recent changes in media reports and changing trends in social media propose a change in the attitudes towards cannabis (Zolotov et al., 2018, p.5).” Physicians practicing in rural Ontario are currently being recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews to explore the issues which they prioritize the most. Once completed, the findings from this study will identify common themes and trends that could help influence change in physician practice and healthcare policy.
本论文将指导卫生社区,以更好地了解临床决策过程,从农村安大略省的医生经历,当考虑是否开医用大麻给病人的医疗条件。很少进行研究,审查医生对医用大麻的看法,特别是在农村地区,这些研究发现,大多数医生对医用大麻持怀疑态度。医生的这种怀疑态度使临床决策过程变得复杂,因为“最近媒体报道的变化和社交媒体的变化趋势表明,人们对大麻的态度发生了变化(Zolotov等人,2018年,第5页)。”在安大略省农村执业的医生目前正在被招募参加半结构化访谈,以探索他们最优先考虑的问题。一旦完成,这项研究的结果将确定共同的主题和趋势,可能有助于影响医生实践和医疗保健政策的变化。
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引用次数: 1
Rural 2.0: Place-Based Rural Community Innovation Systems 农村2.0:基于地的农村社区创新体系
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6021
A. Weeden
We live in an era obsessed with innovation. So much so that in 2016, the Government of Canada began work on a new national ‘Innovation Agenda’ with the following proposition: “Innovation is a Canadian value. It’s in our nature, and now more than ever, it will create jobs, drive growth and improve the lives of all Canadians. It’s how we make our living, compete and provide solutions to the world. We have the talent, the drive, the dedication and the opportunity to succeed. So, what’s next?” However, as every public consultation on the Innovation Agenda took place in a major city and produced initiatives with names like ‘the Smart Cities Challenge,’ it seems like ‘what’s next’ is a national innovation conversation so steeped in unquestioned urbanism that it fails to even acknowledge, let alone include, rural Canadians. This doctoral research project will use a comparative case study approach to investigate the complex relationships at play in place-based rural innovation systems and provide grounded, illustrative narratives for informing public policy.
我们生活在一个崇尚创新的时代。因此,2016年,加拿大政府开始制定新的国家“创新议程”,提出以下主张:“创新是加拿大的价值观。这是我们的天性,现在比以往任何时候都更重要,它将创造就业机会,推动增长,改善所有加拿大人的生活。这是我们谋生、竞争和为世界提供解决方案的方式。我们有天赋、动力、奉献精神和成功的机会。那么,下一步是什么?”然而,由于每次关于创新议程的公众咨询都在大城市进行,并产生了诸如“智慧城市挑战”之类的倡议,“下一步是什么”似乎是一场全国性的创新对话,它如此沉浸在毋庸置疑的城市化中,甚至没有承认,更不用说包括加拿大农村了。本博士研究项目将采用比较案例研究的方法,调查基于地方的农村创新体系中发挥作用的复杂关系,并为公共政策提供有根据的说明性叙述。
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引用次数: 0
Power in Policy: Measuring Farmland Loss in Ontario and Testing the Strength of the Greenbelt Act 政策中的权力:衡量安大略省的农田损失和测试绿地法案的强度
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6012
Rachel Singer and Sharon Wan
Farmland in Ontario continues to be under immense pressure from development associated with population growth and urbanization, such as residential subdivisions, commercial developments and aggregate operations. This OMAFRA funded research investigates the strength of the Greenbelt Act in preserving Southern Ontario’s prime agricultural soils by measuring the rate of farmland lost to non-farm land uses from 2000—2017 through official plan amendments. This methodology was applied to 15 counties and regions in southern Ontario and the results provide an assessment on the Greenbelt policy in place. This presentation will report on phase one of this research project (completed) including trends and results from specific jurisdictions and then provide an update on phase two, which extends across the province and is currently underway.
安大略省的农田继续受到与人口增长和城市化相关的发展的巨大压力,例如住宅细分、商业开发和综合经营。这项由OMAFRA资助的研究调查了《绿地法案》在保护安大略省南部主要农业土壤方面的优势,通过测量2000年至2017年官方计划修正案中非农业用地的农田损失率。该方法应用于安大略省南部的15个县和地区,结果提供了对绿地政策的评估。本报告将报告该研究项目的第一阶段(已完成),包括来自特定司法管辖区的趋势和结果,然后提供第二阶段的最新情况,该阶段扩展到全省,目前正在进行中。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Impacts of Aggregate Production on Agriculture and Identifying Mitigating Strategies 了解总产量对农业的影响并确定缓解策略
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6011
Jeff Reichheld and Emily Hehl
Across Ontario, aggregate extraction provides economic stimulus for many rural locales, but these operations significantly alter the landscapes upon which they occur and are often considered a nuisance to adjacent land owners. Especially in Southern Ontario, these operations frequently occur on agricultural land or within close proximity to productive farmland. Given the potentially disruptive nature of aggregate extraction, it is important to understand their impacts on nearby farms so that measures to mitigate these impacts can be developed and implemented. Thus, research is needed that understands the social, economic, environmental and land use impacts of aggregate operations to help ensure that adjacent agricultural operations prosper. This research therefore seeks to identify the farm operator’s perspective on impacts on crop and livestock production, along with corresponding best practices that can be utilized to mitigate these impacts. Additionally, this project will involve a jurisdictional scan to identify social, economic, environmental and land use impacts, as well as quantitative and qualitative research intended to identify impacts on agriculture (such as dust, noise and water) and promising practices that aggregate operators and municipal planners could use to limit these impacts. The goal is to see these best practices implemented early in the planning process to avoid conflict and negative impacts on agricultural production from future aggregate operations. The project is supported by a three-year research grant from OMAFRA.
在安大略,综合开采为许多农村地区提供了经济刺激,但这些作业显著地改变了其发生的景观,并且通常被认为是对邻近土地所有者的滋扰。特别是在安大略省南部,这些操作经常发生在农业用地或靠近生产性农田的地方。考虑到骨料提取的潜在破坏性,了解其对附近农场的影响非常重要,这样才能制定和实施减轻这些影响的措施。因此,需要进行研究,了解综合经营对社会、经济、环境和土地利用的影响,以帮助确保相邻农业经营的繁荣。因此,本研究旨在确定农场经营者对作物和牲畜生产影响的看法,以及可用于减轻这些影响的相应最佳做法。此外,该项目还将涉及一个辖区扫描,以确定对社会、经济、环境和土地使用的影响,以及旨在确定对农业的影响(如灰尘、噪音和水)的定量和定性研究,以及综合运营商和市政规划者可以用来限制这些影响的有前途的做法。目标是在规划过程的早期实施这些最佳做法,以避免冲突和未来综合作业对农业生产的负面影响。该项目得到了OMAFRA为期三年的研究资助。
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引用次数: 0
Side Appel Amenability to Ontario 对安大略省的上诉
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6019
Nicolas Querques
My thesis research involves an evaluation of apple production for the rapidly expanding Ontario cider industry. This entails several experiments that provide an analysis of several apple cultivars. These include apples from traditional global cider regions, established Ontario varieties, and novel crab-derived varieties. Firstly, a report on the cider-centric sensory characteristics of these apples will be published. Additionally, the winter hardiness of varieties with historic use in cider making will be established using microscopy methods. This will provide a minimum cultivation temperature for use in planting decisions throughout Ontario’s apple growing regions. A major concern of Ontario apple grower’s is the cost of harvest labour. For this purpose, I am evaluating the economics of mechanical harvesting in high-density orchards. Lastly, I am exploring the suitability of ice cider production in Ontario to provide methodology recommendations. My project seeks to support the expanding Ontario cider industry through providing localized guidelines.
我的论文研究涉及到对快速发展的安大略省苹果酒产业的苹果生产进行评估。这需要几个实验,提供几个苹果品种的分析。这些苹果包括来自传统全球苹果产区的苹果、已建立的安大略品种和新的螃蟹衍生品种。首先,将发表一份关于这些苹果以苹果酒为中心的感官特征的报告。此外,历史上用于苹果酒酿造的品种的耐寒性将用显微镜方法确定。这将为整个安大略省苹果种植区的种植决策提供最低栽培温度。安大略省苹果种植者的一个主要担忧是收获劳动力的成本。为此,我正在评估高密度果园中机械收割的经济性。最后,我正在探索冰苹果酒生产在安大略省的适用性,以提供方法论建议。我的项目旨在通过提供本地化的指导方针来支持不断扩大的安大略省苹果酒产业。
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引用次数: 0
Making a Difference: Provincial Policy Reflections on Knowledge Mobilization 发挥作用:知识动员的省级政策思考
Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.21083/RURALREVIEW.V3I1.6022
A. Weeden
Governments across Canada struggle to develop and implement robust, flexible, and effective rural policies and programs to meet the ever-changing contexts of rural communities. Critical to understanding how policymakers are addressing this challenge as they design, implement and/or evaluate rural policy and programming is examining if and how they use research evidence – and what kind of evidence – they use to inform this process. Through interviews with policy makers across Canada, this project investigates knowledge mobilization processes and relationships between academic research and the public policy process for rural policy decision makers. This research will directly contribute to improving rural development public policy in Ontario by providing critical information about current challenges to and opportunities for more effective knowledge mobilization in designing, implementing, and evaluating successful rural development policies and programs.
加拿大各地的政府都在努力制定和实施强有力的、灵活的、有效的农村政策和项目,以满足农村社区不断变化的环境。要了解决策者在设计、实施和/或评估农村政策和规划时如何应对这一挑战,关键是要检查他们是否以及如何使用研究证据——以及他们使用什么样的证据——来为这一过程提供信息。通过对加拿大各地政策制定者的访谈,该项目调查了农村政策制定者的知识动员过程以及学术研究与公共政策过程之间的关系。本研究将通过提供有关当前挑战和机遇的关键信息,为设计、实施和评估成功的农村发展政策和项目提供更有效的知识动员,从而直接有助于改善安大略省的农村发展公共政策。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Rural Review: Ontario Rural Planning, Development, and Policy
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