Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301750
A. Toet, M. Hogervorst, M. V. D. Hoeven
Subjects used the dichoptic combination of a monocular image intensifier (NVG) and a monocular uncooled microbolometer (LWIR) to detect and localize both visual targets and camouflaged thermal targets while moving through a dimly lit complex environment. The NVG imagery enabled the subjects to move freely through the environment with high accuracy, but did not mediate the detection of camouflaged thermal targets. The LWIR mode mediated the detection of camouflaged thermal targets but did not allow the detection of visual targets, and provided insufficient detail to allow accurate movement through the environment Subjects were quite capable to dichoptically fuse the individual LWIR and NVG images, enabling them to detect all (visual and thermal) targets while moving accurately through the environment We conclude that dichoptic fusion of NVG and LWIR imagery is quite feasible and is a simple way to provide observers with enhanced situational awareness in nighttime operations
{"title":"Dichoptic Fusion of Thermal and Intensified Imagery","authors":"A. Toet, M. Hogervorst, M. V. D. Hoeven","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301750","url":null,"abstract":"Subjects used the dichoptic combination of a monocular image intensifier (NVG) and a monocular uncooled microbolometer (LWIR) to detect and localize both visual targets and camouflaged thermal targets while moving through a dimly lit complex environment. The NVG imagery enabled the subjects to move freely through the environment with high accuracy, but did not mediate the detection of camouflaged thermal targets. The LWIR mode mediated the detection of camouflaged thermal targets but did not allow the detection of visual targets, and provided insufficient detail to allow accurate movement through the environment Subjects were quite capable to dichoptically fuse the individual LWIR and NVG images, enabling them to detect all (visual and thermal) targets while moving accurately through the environment We conclude that dichoptic fusion of NVG and LWIR imagery is quite feasible and is a simple way to provide observers with enhanced situational awareness in nighttime operations","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301730
Javier Diaz, M. Rifqi, B. Bouchon-Meunier
A similarity measure between the focal elements used on a distance function of two basic belief assignments in the theory of evidence is presented, making way for the application of classical classification algorithms in this field. The properties of this measure are particular to its context, considering the characteristics of the focal elements, their relationship with each other and their proximity to the vacuous belief function that represents the state of total ignorance
{"title":"A Similarity Measure between Basic Belief Assignments","authors":"Javier Diaz, M. Rifqi, B. Bouchon-Meunier","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301730","url":null,"abstract":"A similarity measure between the focal elements used on a distance function of two basic belief assignments in the theory of evidence is presented, making way for the application of classical classification algorithms in this field. The properties of this measure are particular to its context, considering the characteristics of the focal elements, their relationship with each other and their proximity to the vacuous belief function that represents the state of total ignorance","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123977591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301786
I. Kadar
This panel position paper addresses issues and challenges of resource management (facilitating adaptive and automatic information fusion) and identifies the necessary interaction with levels 2 and 3 components of "information fusion". Starting with the definitions of fusion levels, implicit and explicit interactions among the levels are examined from several perspectives: identifying commensurate measures to model interactions; selection of objective functions at each level or globally; representation of optimum decision making under uncertainty; effects of local optimization at each fusion level vs. joint optimization; representation of interactions among fusion levels by the perceptual reasoning machine paradigm-based adaptive anticipatory planning and control model; and identifying research directions
{"title":"Issues in Adaptive and Automatic Information Fusion Resource Management","authors":"I. Kadar","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301786","url":null,"abstract":"This panel position paper addresses issues and challenges of resource management (facilitating adaptive and automatic information fusion) and identifies the necessary interaction with levels 2 and 3 components of \"information fusion\". Starting with the definitions of fusion levels, implicit and explicit interactions among the levels are examined from several perspectives: identifying commensurate measures to model interactions; selection of objective functions at each level or globally; representation of optimum decision making under uncertainty; effects of local optimization at each fusion level vs. joint optimization; representation of interactions among fusion levels by the perceptual reasoning machine paradigm-based adaptive anticipatory planning and control model; and identifying research directions","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122054483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301581
Erik Blasch
Subsequent revisions to the Joint-Directors of Lab (JDL) model emphasize the differentiation between fusion (estimation) and sensor management (control). Two diverging groups include one pressing for fusion automation (JDL revisions) and one advocating the role of the user (user-fusion model). The center of debate is real-world delivery of fusion systems which requires presenting fusion results for knowledge representation (fusion estimation) and knowledge reasoning (control management). The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need of Users, with individual differences, facilitated by knowledge representations to reason about user situational awareness (SA). This paper includes: (1) Addressing the user in system management/control. (2) Assessing information quality (metrics) to support SA. (3) Evaluating Fusion systems to deliver user info needs, (4) Planning knowledge delivery for dynamic updating. (5) Designing SA interfaces to support user reasoning
{"title":"Level 5 (User Refinement) issues supporting Information Fusion Management","authors":"Erik Blasch","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301581","url":null,"abstract":"Subsequent revisions to the Joint-Directors of Lab (JDL) model emphasize the differentiation between fusion (estimation) and sensor management (control). Two diverging groups include one pressing for fusion automation (JDL revisions) and one advocating the role of the user (user-fusion model). The center of debate is real-world delivery of fusion systems which requires presenting fusion results for knowledge representation (fusion estimation) and knowledge reasoning (control management). The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need of Users, with individual differences, facilitated by knowledge representations to reason about user situational awareness (SA). This paper includes: (1) Addressing the user in system management/control. (2) Assessing information quality (metrics) to support SA. (3) Evaluating Fusion systems to deliver user info needs, (4) Planning knowledge delivery for dynamic updating. (5) Designing SA interfaces to support user reasoning","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301819
A. Capelle-Laizé, C. Fernandez-Maloigne, O. Colot
In this paper, we propose a color image quantization algorithm based upon TBM. In this context, we consider that the color quantization problem can be viewed as clustering problem of the color-space into P clusters. Using TBM, we define a top-down evidential clustering algorithm which iteratively decreases the number of clusters of the color space into P clusters. This convergence is ensured using a novel criterion based upon the pignistic probability function. The P clusters provide the new reduced color palette and a quantized color image is computed. This quantization method is completely automatic and preserves the final result from any initial condition. Experiments on various images show the algorithm efficiency for color quantization and highlight the efficiency of TBM for color image processing
{"title":"TBM for color image processing: a quantization algorithm","authors":"A. Capelle-Laizé, C. Fernandez-Maloigne, O. Colot","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301819","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a color image quantization algorithm based upon TBM. In this context, we consider that the color quantization problem can be viewed as clustering problem of the color-space into P clusters. Using TBM, we define a top-down evidential clustering algorithm which iteratively decreases the number of clusters of the color space into P clusters. This convergence is ensured using a novel criterion based upon the pignistic probability function. The P clusters provide the new reduced color palette and a quantized color image is computed. This quantization method is completely automatic and preserves the final result from any initial condition. Experiments on various images show the algorithm efficiency for color quantization and highlight the efficiency of TBM for color image processing","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129811799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301571
L. Mihaylova, D. Angelova, C. N. Canagarajah, D. Bull
This paper addresses the problem of position localisation of mobile nodes in ad hoc wireless networks based on received signal strength indicator measurements. Node mobility is modelled as a linear system driven by a discrete command Markov process. Self-localisation of mobile nodes is performed via an interacting multiple model filter consisting of a bank of unscented Kalman filters (IMM-UKF). Estimation of the mobility state, which comprises the position, speed and acceleration of the mobile nodes is accomplished. The performance of the IMM- UKF filter is investigated and compared to a multiple model particle filter (MM PF) by Monte Carlo simulation
{"title":"Algorithms for Mobile Nodes Self-Localisation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"L. Mihaylova, D. Angelova, C. N. Canagarajah, D. Bull","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of position localisation of mobile nodes in ad hoc wireless networks based on received signal strength indicator measurements. Node mobility is modelled as a linear system driven by a discrete command Markov process. Self-localisation of mobile nodes is performed via an interacting multiple model filter consisting of a bank of unscented Kalman filters (IMM-UKF). Estimation of the mobility state, which comprises the position, speed and acceleration of the mobile nodes is accomplished. The performance of the IMM- UKF filter is investigated and compared to a multiple model particle filter (MM PF) by Monte Carlo simulation","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130406131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301578
G. Moustakides
We consider the problem of decentralized change detection using the CUSUM test. More than one sensors acquire independent signals and send their quantized version to a fusion center that uses this information to detect a simultaneous change in all sensors. By introducing a recurrence relation that defines the optimum performance of the CUSUM test for given quantization, we further optimize this measure with respect to the quantization scheme. We compare the resulting optimum test with a simple, asynchronous one shot strategy, where each sensor performs a local CUSUM test and communicates with the fusion center only once to signal its detection
{"title":"Decentralized CUSUM Change Detection","authors":"G. Moustakides","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301578","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of decentralized change detection using the CUSUM test. More than one sensors acquire independent signals and send their quantized version to a fusion center that uses this information to detect a simultaneous change in all sensors. By introducing a recurrence relation that defines the optimum performance of the CUSUM test for given quantization, we further optimize this measure with respect to the quantization scheme. We compare the resulting optimum test with a simple, asynchronous one shot strategy, where each sensor performs a local CUSUM test and communicates with the fusion center only once to signal its detection","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129486994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301793
S. Das
The military resource management problem involves timely distribution and placement of materiel, personnel, and sensor assets to accommodate mission requirements throughout the world. The resource management problem of today's US military is perhaps the largest and most complex optimization problem in terms of the number of variables representing various resource types and constraints relating the variables. This modern resource management problem needs to be considered within a network centric warfare (NCW) environment, and hence the term "sense and respond logistics" (S&RL). In this article, the author views the resource management issue as intimately related to the problem of planning and scheduling of tasks, that is, one cannot effectively reason with resources in isolation. In the data fusion domain, this view translates to consideration of the collection management process during situation/threat assessment and courses-of-action generation processes. Within a NCW environment a node must proactively determine mission requirements based on the current situation and threat, and then coordinate with other nodes to meet those requirements via some communication mechanism (e.g. publish and subscribe) on the underlying infrastructure. The specific algorithmic approach the author advocates for dynamically managing resources is essentially based on constraint programming (CP) techniques, where constraints are declaratively stated and placed on the types and quantities of resources at hand. The constraints can also be dynamically added or retracted from the system, thus are suitable to meet the demands of a dynamic resource management environment. The approach distinguishes between consumable and non-consumable resources, and in some situations views time as a special kind of resource. The author illustrates the CP approach to resource management in NCW environments in terms of two examples. The first example is related to surveillance asset management and the second is related to logistics
{"title":"Resource Management for Netcentric Environments","authors":"S. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301793","url":null,"abstract":"The military resource management problem involves timely distribution and placement of materiel, personnel, and sensor assets to accommodate mission requirements throughout the world. The resource management problem of today's US military is perhaps the largest and most complex optimization problem in terms of the number of variables representing various resource types and constraints relating the variables. This modern resource management problem needs to be considered within a network centric warfare (NCW) environment, and hence the term \"sense and respond logistics\" (S&RL). In this article, the author views the resource management issue as intimately related to the problem of planning and scheduling of tasks, that is, one cannot effectively reason with resources in isolation. In the data fusion domain, this view translates to consideration of the collection management process during situation/threat assessment and courses-of-action generation processes. Within a NCW environment a node must proactively determine mission requirements based on the current situation and threat, and then coordinate with other nodes to meet those requirements via some communication mechanism (e.g. publish and subscribe) on the underlying infrastructure. The specific algorithmic approach the author advocates for dynamically managing resources is essentially based on constraint programming (CP) techniques, where constraints are declaratively stated and placed on the types and quantities of resources at hand. The constraints can also be dynamically added or retracted from the system, thus are suitable to meet the demands of a dynamic resource management environment. The approach distinguishes between consumable and non-consumable resources, and in some situations views time as a special kind of resource. The author illustrates the CP approach to resource management in NCW environments in terms of two examples. The first example is related to surveillance asset management and the second is related to logistics","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129629244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301724
G. Fasano, D. Accardo, A. Moccia, L. Paparone
This paper presents the tracking algorithms developed for a multisensor anti-collision system for unmanned aerial vehicles. This system will be developed by the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) within a research project named TECVOL, funded in the frame of the National Aerospace Research Program (PRO.R.A.) on UAV. The hardware setup is composed by a pulsed radar, two infrared cameras, and two visible cameras used as aiding sensors, thus the adoption of a fusion algorithm was mandatory to obtain the most accurate and reliable tracking estimate of obstacles. The paper describes the different modes and the relevant attainable performances of the developed tracking algorithm. The adopted data fusion technique for tracking is the Kalman filter. In particular, three different algorithms are compared in a typical collision scenario, namely conventional filter in rectangular coordinates, conventional filter in spherical coordinates, and extended filter in rectangular coordinates. Though all the three algorithms exhibited satisfying performances, the extended filter in rectangular coordinates resulted the most adequate for this airborne application
{"title":"Airborne Multisensor Tracking for Autonomous Collision Avoidance","authors":"G. Fasano, D. Accardo, A. Moccia, L. Paparone","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the tracking algorithms developed for a multisensor anti-collision system for unmanned aerial vehicles. This system will be developed by the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) within a research project named TECVOL, funded in the frame of the National Aerospace Research Program (PRO.R.A.) on UAV. The hardware setup is composed by a pulsed radar, two infrared cameras, and two visible cameras used as aiding sensors, thus the adoption of a fusion algorithm was mandatory to obtain the most accurate and reliable tracking estimate of obstacles. The paper describes the different modes and the relevant attainable performances of the developed tracking algorithm. The adopted data fusion technique for tracking is the Kalman filter. In particular, three different algorithms are compared in a typical collision scenario, namely conventional filter in rectangular coordinates, conventional filter in spherical coordinates, and extended filter in rectangular coordinates. Though all the three algorithms exhibited satisfying performances, the extended filter in rectangular coordinates resulted the most adequate for this airborne application","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125624520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-10DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301813
W. Blanding, W. Koch, U. Nickel
Advances in characterizing the angle measurement covariance for phased array monopulse radar systems that use adaptive beamforming to null out a jammer source allow for the use of improved sensor models in tracking algorithms. Using a detection probability likelihood function consisting of a Gaussian sum that incorporates negative contact measurement information, four tracking systems are compared when used to track a maneuvering target passing into and through standoff jammer interference. Each tracker differs in how closely it replicates sensor performance in terms of accuracy of measurement covariance and the use of negative information. Only the tracker that uses both the negative contact information and corrected angle measurement covariance is able to consistently reacquire the target when it exits the jammer interference
{"title":"Tracking Through Jamming Using Negative Information","authors":"W. Blanding, W. Koch, U. Nickel","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301813","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in characterizing the angle measurement covariance for phased array monopulse radar systems that use adaptive beamforming to null out a jammer source allow for the use of improved sensor models in tracking algorithms. Using a detection probability likelihood function consisting of a Gaussian sum that incorporates negative contact measurement information, four tracking systems are compared when used to track a maneuvering target passing into and through standoff jammer interference. Each tracker differs in how closely it replicates sensor performance in terms of accuracy of measurement covariance and the use of negative information. Only the tracker that uses both the negative contact information and corrected angle measurement covariance is able to consistently reacquire the target when it exits the jammer interference","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125769101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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