Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/25
A. Cazacu
The mathematical or economic approach to the effect that culture exerts on its consumer is less common. The present paper refers to a new cultural genre in Romania, the oldest in the world, the genre of Japanese animation, called "anime", which developed externally and internally a true market of its derived products. Lovers of this kind of animation are called "anime fans," and our research respects a cognitive pattern related to their identity. Exogenous influences with an implication in the consumer's decision are of particular importance in this respect. The study of their dynamics in the context of research is applicable to any decisional behavior.
{"title":"MODELING THE IDENTITY OF THE ANIME CULTURE FAN","authors":"A. Cazacu","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/25","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical or economic approach to the effect that culture exerts on its consumer is less common. The present paper refers to a new cultural genre in Romania, the oldest in the world, the genre of Japanese animation, called \"anime\", which developed externally and internally a true market of its derived products. Lovers of this kind of animation are called \"anime fans,\" and our research respects a cognitive pattern related to their identity. Exogenous influences with an implication in the consumer's decision are of particular importance in this respect. The study of their dynamics in the context of research is applicable to any decisional behavior.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121923826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/2
C. Andrei
Although the aspects of adverse weather conditions encountered during the voyage are continuously studied, the phenomenon of ice accretion on board vessel remain a very important topic of research for those who work in maritime industry. Ice accretion on board vessel, apart from the fact that reduce the ship’s maneuverability and make difficult the navigation, has also a high negative influence on intact stability. The importance of this aspect is revealed by the activity of International Maritime Organization which continuously amend the regulations with new recommendations in this respect. The main goal of the present paper is to highlight the main aspects of ice accretion phenomenon and to illustrate the impact on ship’s intact stability based on a simulation carried out for a ship in a real loading condition. The simulation carried out revealed very important aspects in respect of ship’s stability parameters affected by ice accretion.
{"title":"CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING ICE ACCRETION ON BOARD SHIPS AND THE INFLUENCE ON INTACT STABILITY","authors":"C. Andrei","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/2","url":null,"abstract":"Although the aspects of adverse weather conditions encountered during the voyage are continuously studied, the phenomenon of ice accretion on board vessel remain a very important topic of research for those who work in maritime industry. Ice accretion on board vessel, apart from the fact that reduce the ship’s maneuverability and make difficult the navigation, has also a high negative influence on intact stability. The importance of this aspect is revealed by the activity of International Maritime Organization which continuously amend the regulations with new recommendations in this respect. The main goal of the present paper is to highlight the main aspects of ice accretion phenomenon and to illustrate the impact on ship’s intact stability based on a simulation carried out for a ship in a real loading condition. The simulation carried out revealed very important aspects in respect of ship’s stability parameters affected by ice accretion.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131145154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/26
Simona Mina
The current study represents a comparative analyze between the transformational and tranzactional type of management, taking in consideration the two different levels of performance within privat organizations in comparising with public ones. There are two indicators for performances’ measuring: satisfaction and productivity. In order to demonstrate the effieciency of the transformational leadership in comparising with the tranzactional one, there have been established the next scientific hypothesis: HS1: Satisfaction and productivity are increased in transformational leadership in comparising with tranzactional management style, no matter what is the type and the culture of the organization HS2: Transformational leaders on the first level obtained better scores to those on the second level, in the privat organizations in comparising with public ones HS3: Perceive regarding transformational leadership is better than perception about tranzactional leadership
{"title":"TRANZACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP","authors":"Simona Mina","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/26","url":null,"abstract":"The current study represents a comparative analyze between the transformational and tranzactional type of management, taking in consideration the two different levels of performance within privat organizations in comparising with public ones. There are two indicators for performances’ measuring: satisfaction and productivity. In order to demonstrate the effieciency of the transformational leadership in comparising with the tranzactional one, there have been established the next scientific hypothesis: HS1: Satisfaction and productivity are increased in transformational leadership in comparising with tranzactional management style, no matter what is the type and the culture of the organization HS2: Transformational leaders on the first level obtained better scores to those on the second level, in the privat organizations in comparising with public ones HS3: Perceive regarding transformational leadership is better than perception about tranzactional leadership","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/10
V. Kurgan
Modeling of work of elastic couplings with nonlinear mechanical coupling linkage in the mode of transmission starting of a technical system with its harmonic disturbance has been carried out. An estimation of efficiency of elastic couplings application for solving problems of oscillatory processes optimization has been done. Recommendations concerning the use of elastic couplings for overcoming "multiple" resonances without the use of additional dissipation devices have been developed.
{"title":"OPERATION OF ELASTIC COUPLING WITH NONLINEAR MECHANICAL FEEDBACK IN THE MOTOR STARTING MODE","authors":"V. Kurgan","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/10","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling of work of elastic couplings with nonlinear mechanical coupling linkage in the mode of transmission starting of a technical system with its harmonic disturbance has been carried out. An estimation of efficiency of elastic couplings application for solving problems of oscillatory processes optimization has been done. Recommendations concerning the use of elastic couplings for overcoming \"multiple\" resonances without the use of additional dissipation devices have been developed.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/1
C. Andrei
The prevention of collisions at sea is a very important aspect of maritime transport. Despite the fact that the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea are studied and learned by every Master, deck officer and pilot, the incidents in respect of collisions between ships still continue to occur. The present paper presents the analysis of the causes and circumstances of a real collision case, between two ships, occurred in Constanta port. The analysis was made based on the VDRs recordings provided from the two ships. The main objective of the analysis presented in this paper is to reveal the important aspects that can lead to such a dangerous situation in order to prevent future accidents of this kind through the assessment of its causes and circumstances. The case study presented highlights the importance of knowing the responsibilities and duties of Master, Officer on Watch and Pilot during ship maneuvering in port. Moreover, it brings into attention the importance of an efficient bridge team management and the connection with pilots.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE COLLISION BETWEEN TWO SHIPS IN CONSTANTA PORT","authors":"C. Andrei","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/1","url":null,"abstract":"The prevention of collisions at sea is a very important aspect of maritime transport. Despite the fact that the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea are studied and learned by every Master, deck officer and pilot, the incidents in respect of collisions between ships still continue to occur. The present paper presents the analysis of the causes and circumstances of a real collision case, between two ships, occurred in Constanta port. The analysis was made based on the VDRs recordings provided from the two ships. The main objective of the analysis presented in this paper is to reveal the important aspects that can lead to such a dangerous situation in order to prevent future accidents of this kind through the assessment of its causes and circumstances. The case study presented highlights the importance of knowing the responsibilities and duties of Master, Officer on Watch and Pilot during ship maneuvering in port. Moreover, it brings into attention the importance of an efficient bridge team management and the connection with pilots.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/21
L. Popa
In this paper I briefly analyzed both the safety of ships at sea and the formal assessment of their safety. The current practices and the latest advances in the marine and offshore industry are discussed above all. It is described the relationship between standard ship safety cases and the formal assessment of ship safety. I analyzed the risk factor study in the formal assessment of maritime safety.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF NEW RISKS IN MARITIME TRANSPORT","authors":"L. Popa","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/21","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I briefly analyzed both the safety of ships at sea and the formal assessment of their safety. The current practices and the latest advances in the marine and offshore industry are discussed above all. It is described the relationship between standard ship safety cases and the formal assessment of ship safety. I analyzed the risk factor study in the formal assessment of maritime safety.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121943690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/5
C. Varsami
One of the major components of tankers’ architecture is represented by the hull’s design. A tanker having a simple exterior structure between cargo and the ocean is not safe enough when it comes to protecting the cargo which is valuable or the environment from pollution in case of collision or grounding. Most of the new tankers have a double hull with a supplementary space inserted between the cargo tanks and the ship’s hull. There have been also some hybrid designs such as those with double laterals and a double bottom combining characteristics of the single hull ships with characteristics or those which have a double hull. In this paper we intend to present the advantages of the double hull projects such as easier ballasting operations in case of emergency, a reduction in the use of salt water for ballasting cargo tanks which led to a decrease of the corrosion phenomenon, a higher protection of the environment, faster cargo discharge operations, more efficient cargo tanks’ washing operations and especially an increased protection in case of collisions and groundings having a lower impact over the safety of the ship, cargo and marine environment. The main disadvantages of such a project are the high costs involved in building such a tanker, higher operation expenses (higher canal and port taxes), more difficult operations in ventilating the ballast tanks, the necessity for constantly monitoring and maintaining the ballast tanks, an increased surface, which led to more surfaces to maintain, a higher risk of explosion in the doubled tanks if the vapours’ detection system would not be efficient and ballast tanks’ washing becoming more difficult for double hulled ships. Over all, we are going to show how double hulled tankers are considered to be more secure in case of grounding especially if the soil is not too rocky. Still, the safety benefits are less clear for larger ships in case of a high speed impact. This is why our paper intends to show that in spite of such restrictions, the safety benefits do exist for double hulls even if less clear in case of an impact at high speed.
{"title":"Analysis of Building Requirements for Oil Tankers in Order to Prevent Maritime Accidents","authors":"C. Varsami","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/5","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major components of tankers’ architecture is represented by the hull’s design. A tanker having a simple exterior structure between cargo and the ocean is not safe enough when it comes to protecting the cargo which is valuable or the environment from pollution in case of collision or grounding. Most of the new tankers have a double hull with a supplementary space inserted between the cargo tanks and the ship’s hull. There have been also some hybrid designs such as those with double laterals and a double bottom combining characteristics of the single hull ships with characteristics or those which have a double hull. In this paper we intend to present the advantages of the double hull projects such as easier ballasting operations in case of emergency, a reduction in the use of salt water for ballasting cargo tanks which led to a decrease of the corrosion phenomenon, a higher protection of the environment, faster cargo discharge operations, more efficient cargo tanks’ washing operations and especially an increased protection in case of collisions and groundings having a lower impact over the safety of the ship, cargo and marine environment. The main disadvantages of such a project are the high costs involved in building such a tanker, higher operation expenses (higher canal and port taxes), more difficult operations in ventilating the ballast tanks, the necessity for constantly monitoring and maintaining the ballast tanks, an increased surface, which led to more surfaces to maintain, a higher risk of explosion in the doubled tanks if the vapours’ detection system would not be efficient and ballast tanks’ washing becoming more difficult for double hulled ships. Over all, we are going to show how double hulled tankers are considered to be more secure in case of grounding especially if the soil is not too rocky. Still, the safety benefits are less clear for larger ships in case of a high speed impact. This is why our paper intends to show that in spite of such restrictions, the safety benefits do exist for double hulls even if less clear in case of an impact at high speed.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/27
Simona Mina
Trade union movement in Romania is mostly oriented on actions by the type reaction and decrease of the impact of trade unionism would be generated by the fact that, for various reasons, these reactions are emptied of content, simple reflexes of structures to mobilize now deprived of their engine: political action. My answer starts to widen the field of analysis. My thesis is that, already long enough, Romanian unionism prefer to old social reaction and " trade union struggle ", the participation in the construction of policies in areas of interest. Unions dealing increasingly more in some other things than protecting workers in enterprises, their wage rights or otherwise. Not that they would not do typical labor union; it continues to be irreplaceable. But, increasingly more often, unions are difficult to replace within public space in this area of reference.
{"title":"SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN ROMANIA. THE INSSUFICIENCY OF A CORRECT SOCIAL REPRESENTATION WITHIN ROMANIAN UNIONS","authors":"Simona Mina","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/27","url":null,"abstract":"Trade union movement in Romania is mostly oriented on actions by the type reaction and decrease of the impact of trade unionism would be generated by the fact that, for various reasons, these reactions are emptied of content, simple reflexes of structures to mobilize now deprived of their engine: political action. My answer starts to widen the field of analysis. My thesis is that, already long enough, Romanian unionism prefer to old social reaction and \" trade union struggle \", the participation in the construction of policies in areas of interest. Unions dealing increasingly more in some other things than protecting workers in enterprises, their wage rights or otherwise. Not that they would not do typical labor union; it continues to be irreplaceable. But, increasingly more often, unions are difficult to replace within public space in this area of reference.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114921098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/13
I. Vişan
An interesting and fruitful area of research in maritime language is represented by metaphors and metaphorical expressions which abound in the language of seafarers. Recent interest in terminological metaphor stems from the idea that metaphor has two basic functions. On the one hand, it is a conceptual device whose essence is “understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another” (Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 5) while on the other hand, it has an important aesthetic role, which “produces metaphorical combined names whose motivation can be found in similarities of form, function, and position” (Sager 1997: 29). This paper sets to highlight that several maritime terms are the result of understanding and naming on the basis of metaphorical scenarios. In addition, the aesthetic value of several maritime terms increases motivation and helps maritime language users to deal with them. The idea should be pointed out that the cognitive theories of metaphor have put forward the thesis according to which metaphors are not only a cultural symbol or ornamentation within a given discourse, but also a phenomenon that takes place in order to categorize and understand experience. Thus, the cognitive process becomes a crucial factor in the translation process. This is because the maritime translator, by means of these mental processes, establishes appropriate linguistic relationships within the historical and cultural context of the text, and reformulates it in the target language (TL) and /or target culture (TC).
海员语言中的隐喻和隐喻表达是海洋语言研究中一个有趣而富有成果的领域。最近对术语隐喻的兴趣源于隐喻有两个基本功能的观点。一方面，它是一种概念手段，其本质是“通过一种事物来理解和体验另一种事物”(Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 5);另一方面，它具有重要的美学作用，“产生隐喻性的组合名称，其动机可以从形式、功能和位置的相似性中找到”(Sager 1997: 29)。本文旨在强调一些海事术语是在隐喻情景的基础上理解和命名的结果。此外，一些海事术语的审美价值增加了动机，有助于海事语言使用者处理它们。需要指出的是，隐喻的认知理论认为隐喻不仅是特定话语中的一种文化符号或装饰，而且是一种为了对经验进行分类和理解而发生的现象。因此，认知过程成为翻译过程中至关重要的因素。这是因为海上译者通过这些心理过程，在文本的历史和文化语境中建立起适当的语言关系，并在译语和/或译语文化中重新表述。
{"title":"CULTURAL EMBEDDING IN DESIGNATING MARITIME METAPHORS","authors":"I. Vişan","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/13","url":null,"abstract":"An interesting and fruitful area of research in maritime language is represented by metaphors and metaphorical expressions which abound in the language of seafarers. Recent interest in terminological metaphor stems from the idea that metaphor has two basic functions. On the one hand, it is a conceptual device whose essence is “understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another” (Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 5) while on the other hand, it has an important aesthetic role, which “produces metaphorical combined names whose motivation can be found in similarities of form, function, and position” (Sager 1997: 29). This paper sets to highlight that several maritime terms are the result of understanding and naming on the basis of metaphorical scenarios. In addition, the aesthetic value of several maritime terms increases motivation and helps maritime language users to deal with them. The idea should be pointed out that the cognitive theories of metaphor have put forward the thesis according to which metaphors are not only a cultural symbol or ornamentation within a given discourse, but also a phenomenon that takes place in order to categorize and understand experience. Thus, the cognitive process becomes a crucial factor in the translation process. This is because the maritime translator, by means of these mental processes, establishes appropriate linguistic relationships within the historical and cultural context of the text, and reformulates it in the target language (TL) and /or target culture (TC).","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126694827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/14
I. Vişan
The role of English as a world language can be traced back to its formal role as dominant language of the British Empire, whereby Standard British English has diversified into numerous regional and local varieties of ‘new Englishes’. It is generally accepted that its role as an international lingua franca, is due on the one hand to the world-wide domination of North American technology and culture, and on the other hand to the fact that its basic grammar and core vocabulary can be relatively easily acquired by non-native speakers all over the world. Mary Snell Hornby (2000: 14) reports that “this latter factor is coupled with a structural flexibility in the language itself and a general policy of non-puristic openness among the English speaking cultural institutions”. Such an aspect led to the development of many regional varieties and has also paved the way for the use of English, not in its pristine form but as a common denominator for communication by non-native speakers around the globe. For instance, in the maritime setting the role of English is crucial since a poor command of it by professionals “may endanger human lives, pollute the marine environment or ruin an important commercial operation” (Bocanegra Valle 2010: 152). The paper is an attempt to make a theoretical overview of the role of English nowadays, analyzing some of its varieties and approaching to Maritime English as a fully-fledged type of ESP, arguing for its unique character since its teaching and learning as well as its research are based on international legal procedures.
英语作为世界语言的角色可以追溯到它作为大英帝国的主导语言的正式角色，由此标准英式英语已经多样化为许多地区和地方的“新英语”变体。人们普遍认为，英语作为一种国际通用语，一方面是由于北美技术和文化在世界范围内的统治地位，另一方面是由于它的基本语法和核心词汇可以相对容易地为世界各地的非母语人士所掌握。Mary Snell Hornby(2000: 14)报告说，“后一个因素与语言本身的结构灵活性和英语文化机构的非纯粹主义开放的一般政策相结合”。这一方面导致了许多地区变体的发展，也为英语的使用铺平了道路，不是以原始形式，而是作为全球非母语人士交流的共同标准。例如，在海事环境中，英语的作用是至关重要的，因为专业人员对英语的掌握不好“可能危及人类生命，污染海洋环境或破坏重要的商业运作”(Bocanegra Valle 2010: 152)。本文从理论上概述了当今英语的作用，分析了英语的一些变体，并将海事英语视为一种成熟的专门用途英语，认为其教学和研究都是以国际法律程序为基础的。
{"title":"Types of Englishes and The Case of Maritime English: Some Insights","authors":"I. Vişan","doi":"10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38130/cmu.2067.100/42/14","url":null,"abstract":"The role of English as a world language can be traced back to its formal role as dominant language of the British Empire, whereby Standard British English has diversified into numerous regional and local varieties of ‘new Englishes’. It is generally accepted that its role as an international lingua franca, is due on the one hand to the world-wide domination of North American technology and culture, and on the other hand to the fact that its basic grammar and core vocabulary can be relatively easily acquired by non-native speakers all over the world. Mary Snell Hornby (2000: 14) reports that “this latter factor is coupled with a structural flexibility in the language itself and a general policy of non-puristic openness among the English speaking cultural institutions”. Such an aspect led to the development of many regional varieties and has also paved the way for the use of English, not in its pristine form but as a common denominator for communication by non-native speakers around the globe. For instance, in the maritime setting the role of English is crucial since a poor command of it by professionals “may endanger human lives, pollute the marine environment or ruin an important commercial operation” (Bocanegra Valle 2010: 152). The paper is an attempt to make a theoretical overview of the role of English nowadays, analyzing some of its varieties and approaching to Maritime English as a fully-fledged type of ESP, arguing for its unique character since its teaching and learning as well as its research are based on international legal procedures.","PeriodicalId":248665,"journal":{"name":"Constanta Maritime University Annals","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131393357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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