Pub Date : 2013-09-16DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000250
K. Maschke
{"title":"Finding Purpose with a Purpose Statement","authors":"K. Maschke","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116758072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000238
B. Hiller, Barrie Melotte, Stephen M. Hiller
The United Nations predicts that 70% of the global population will be based in urban areas by 2050. National urbanization rates in the United States and Australia already exceed that level, typically characterized by sprawling cities. This paper reviews urbanization trends in Australia, drawing on recent research and national statistics, and includes a detailed case study of Perth, Western Australia. Perth represents a classic example of urban and peri-urban sprawl focused on a single dominant central business district. This paper explains the features of Perth, its urban form, its land-use and settlement patterns, and the reasons sprawl continues despite government initiatives to slow peripheral growth. A bespoke framework is used to integrate environmental, social, economic, and governance components within a political context and the authors attempt to highlight issues also faced by the U.S. engineering profession. Finally, the paper presents a set of practical indicators for engineers to use in integrated land-use infrastructure planning to help promote managed growth of urban areas and minimize sprawl.
{"title":"Uncontrolled Sprawl or Managed Growth? An Australian Case Study","authors":"B. Hiller, Barrie Melotte, Stephen M. Hiller","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000238","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations predicts that 70% of the global population will be based in urban areas by 2050. National urbanization rates in the United States and Australia already exceed that level, typically characterized by sprawling cities. This paper reviews urbanization trends in Australia, drawing on recent research and national statistics, and includes a detailed case study of Perth, Western Australia. Perth represents a classic example of urban and peri-urban sprawl focused on a single dominant central business district. This paper explains the features of Perth, its urban form, its land-use and settlement patterns, and the reasons sprawl continues despite government initiatives to slow peripheral growth. A bespoke framework is used to integrate environmental, social, economic, and governance components within a political context and the authors attempt to highlight issues also faced by the U.S. engineering profession. Finally, the paper presents a set of practical indicators for engineers to use in integrated land-use infrastructure planning to help promote managed growth of urban areas and minimize sprawl.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123661209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000236
R. Weingardt
{"title":"Robert E. Lee: Larger-than-Life Icon","authors":"R. Weingardt","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132697222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000226
Constantine E. Kontokosta
AbstractZoning has been a powerful force in shaping the three-dimensional landscape of the urban built environment. Although market forces and private interests have historically controlled the decision-making process, land-use regulations have been used to counter market failures and to collectively guide the growth of the American city. During the second half of the nineteenth century, advancements in construction and building technologies, including the steel structural frame, internal pneumatic and telegraphic communications, efficient mechanical systems, and improved fireproofing materials and techniques, allowed for the construction of structures of increasing height. As tall building construction flourished in major U.S. cities, issues of light, ventilation, and public health, as well as encroachment of incompatible uses, began to capture the public’s attention. Where tenement reform laws had addressed residential overcrowding, owners, architects, and public officials viewed building regulations as...
{"title":"Tall Buildings and Urban Expansion: Tracing the Evolution of Zoning in the United States","authors":"Constantine E. Kontokosta","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000226","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractZoning has been a powerful force in shaping the three-dimensional landscape of the urban built environment. Although market forces and private interests have historically controlled the decision-making process, land-use regulations have been used to counter market failures and to collectively guide the growth of the American city. During the second half of the nineteenth century, advancements in construction and building technologies, including the steel structural frame, internal pneumatic and telegraphic communications, efficient mechanical systems, and improved fireproofing materials and techniques, allowed for the construction of structures of increasing height. As tall building construction flourished in major U.S. cities, issues of light, ventilation, and public health, as well as encroachment of incompatible uses, began to capture the public’s attention. Where tenement reform laws had addressed residential overcrowding, owners, architects, and public officials viewed building regulations as...","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114538844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000239
W. Chong, J. Chang
Most Americans blame lack of centralized urban planning, weak political will, divisive politics, and way of life for urban sprawl in America. Urban sprawl worsens America’s addiction to oil. Americans drive at least five times farther to get to work than people elsewhere in the developed world. Even though the solutions, knowledge, and technology to curb urban sprawl and oil addiction are available, political hostility and unfavorable market conditions prevent them from being implemented effectively. Although engineers should be at the front lines, delivering these solutions, they are often not directly involved in the process. Because they are more reactive than proactive, they are impeding the future effectiveness of these solutions. This paper examines the political and market factors that drive urban sprawl and describes the role of engineers in delivering the solutions necessary to curtail urban sprawl.
{"title":"Understanding Engineers’ Roles in Delivering Solutions to Curtail Urban Sprawl","authors":"W. Chong, J. Chang","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000239","url":null,"abstract":"Most Americans blame lack of centralized urban planning, weak political will, divisive politics, and way of life for urban sprawl in America. Urban sprawl worsens America’s addiction to oil. Americans drive at least five times farther to get to work than people elsewhere in the developed world. Even though the solutions, knowledge, and technology to curb urban sprawl and oil addiction are available, political hostility and unfavorable market conditions prevent them from being implemented effectively. Although engineers should be at the front lines, delivering these solutions, they are often not directly involved in the process. Because they are more reactive than proactive, they are impeding the future effectiveness of these solutions. This paper examines the political and market factors that drive urban sprawl and describes the role of engineers in delivering the solutions necessary to curtail urban sprawl.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131167828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000225
Jared Rodriguez
Real estate development in suburban and exurban fringe areas defined the latest housing boom in the United States. The development of vast subdivisions of greenfield parcels in counties distant from urban cores and employment centers led to an upward trend in driving distances. A gradually developing and then dramatic run-up in the price of oil from 2003 to 2008 precipitated a gasoline price shock. The convergence of rising gasoline prices and a glut of newly constructed, low-density tract housing led to an equally dramatic decline in new housing starts in areas far from center cities and the older suburbs. Whereas the gasoline price shock affected the number of housing starts, the recession is responsible for the decline in housing prices; the two concepts act independently of one another. By correlating gasoline prices, housing starts in rural counties as compared to urban centers, vehicle efficiency, and vehicle miles traveled data, I have determined that the demand for sprawl development declines substantially as the price of gasoline rises over time. Households not seeking to move are not likely to move purely because of changes in gasoline prices; however, people who have plans to change residence take gasoline prices into account when choosing a new neighborhood. The recent global peak oil production milestone acknowledged by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has significant implications for transportation costs and, therefore, the future efficacy of auto-oriented suburban housing development. Whether these emerging trends continue into the future remains to be seen.
{"title":"Effect of High Gasoline Prices on Low-Density Housing Development","authors":"Jared Rodriguez","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000225","url":null,"abstract":"Real estate development in suburban and exurban fringe areas defined the latest housing boom in the United States. The development of vast subdivisions of greenfield parcels in counties distant from urban cores and employment centers led to an upward trend in driving distances. A gradually developing and then dramatic run-up in the price of oil from 2003 to 2008 precipitated a gasoline price shock. The convergence of rising gasoline prices and a glut of newly constructed, low-density tract housing led to an equally dramatic decline in new housing starts in areas far from center cities and the older suburbs. Whereas the gasoline price shock affected the number of housing starts, the recession is responsible for the decline in housing prices; the two concepts act independently of one another. By correlating gasoline prices, housing starts in rural counties as compared to urban centers, vehicle efficiency, and vehicle miles traveled data, I have determined that the demand for sprawl development declines substantially as the price of gasoline rises over time. Households not seeking to move are not likely to move purely because of changes in gasoline prices; however, people who have plans to change residence take gasoline prices into account when choosing a new neighborhood. The recent global peak oil production milestone acknowledged by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has significant implications for transportation costs and, therefore, the future efficacy of auto-oriented suburban housing development. Whether these emerging trends continue into the future remains to be seen.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133274342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000234
Charles L. Marohn
AbstractThe post–World War II American pattern of development is an experiment never before attempted in the history of human settlement. The financial ramifications of this experiment have not been seriously considered. The ways in which growth has been financed at the local level—with government transfer payments, transportation spending, and debt—are unique to the suburban experiment. With these mechanisms of growth, cities routinely trade nominal near-term cash advantages associated with new growth for far greater long-term financial obligations of maintenance. This imbalance has been covered up with a mix of robust growth and debt. Now that accelerating rates of real estate growth can no longer be sustained, America’s cities are experiencing enormous financial hardship. The key to solving this problem is not more growth but a more productive pattern of development, one that creates a positive return on investment at the local level.
{"title":"Suburban Ponzi Scheme","authors":"Charles L. Marohn","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000234","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe post–World War II American pattern of development is an experiment never before attempted in the history of human settlement. The financial ramifications of this experiment have not been seriously considered. The ways in which growth has been financed at the local level—with government transfer payments, transportation spending, and debt—are unique to the suburban experiment. With these mechanisms of growth, cities routinely trade nominal near-term cash advantages associated with new growth for far greater long-term financial obligations of maintenance. This imbalance has been covered up with a mix of robust growth and debt. Now that accelerating rates of real estate growth can no longer be sustained, America’s cities are experiencing enormous financial hardship. The key to solving this problem is not more growth but a more productive pattern of development, one that creates a positive return on investment at the local level.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115631654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000227
Yin-Che Chen
AbstractWith members of Generations X and Y coming to the forefront in the workforce and the progress in technology, reverse mentoring, in which junior employees guide their seniors, has been implemented in multinational corporations such as IBM. This study explored the effect of reverse mentoring on traditional-mentoring functions given the professional characteristics of people in Generations X and Y. Fourteen participants, who worked in various high-tech companies and practiced reverse mentoring, were divided into seven pairs and interviewed. The findings showed that people from Generations X and Y generally had advanced skills in information technology, motivation to learn and abundant resources for learning, innovative thinking and ambition, a sense of teamwork, and collaboration and coordination skills. They also influenced each other in a positive way to enhance learning outcomes. The study further showed that the three traditional-mentoring functions largely remained in reverse mentoring. This stu...
{"title":"Effect of Reverse Mentoring on Traditional Mentoring Functions","authors":"Yin-Che Chen","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000227","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWith members of Generations X and Y coming to the forefront in the workforce and the progress in technology, reverse mentoring, in which junior employees guide their seniors, has been implemented in multinational corporations such as IBM. This study explored the effect of reverse mentoring on traditional-mentoring functions given the professional characteristics of people in Generations X and Y. Fourteen participants, who worked in various high-tech companies and practiced reverse mentoring, were divided into seven pairs and interviewed. The findings showed that people from Generations X and Y generally had advanced skills in information technology, motivation to learn and abundant resources for learning, innovative thinking and ambition, a sense of teamwork, and collaboration and coordination skills. They also influenced each other in a positive way to enhance learning outcomes. The study further showed that the three traditional-mentoring functions largely remained in reverse mentoring. This stu...","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133554119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000242
W. Hayden
{"title":"Truth and Rumors","authors":"W. Hayden","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114842074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000222
E. Washington
{"title":"Role of Walkability in Driving Home Values","authors":"E. Washington","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121804042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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