Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000200
D. Vallero, P. Lioy
AbstractRisk is a function of hazard and exposure. Following a disaster, much attention is paid to potential hazards, such as flammable materials, disease vectors, and toxic substances. However, actual risk is determined by exposure to such hazards; there is no risk if there is no exposure. The World Trade Center attacks, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and the spillage of crude oil during the Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico provide important lessons to engineers who must gauge potential exposure and select interventions to reduce exposures to a broad range of hazards. This paper discusses how exposure assessment varies during the five stages following a disaster (the 5 Rs): rescue, recovery, reentry, reconstruction, and rehabitation. Although every disaster response follows this sequence, the spatial and temporal extent and type of disaster (e.g., immediate threat to human health and safety, long-term threat to ecosystems) determine how an exposure assessment must be conducted.
{"title":"The 5 Rs: Reliable Postdisaster Exposure Assessment","authors":"D. Vallero, P. Lioy","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000200","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRisk is a function of hazard and exposure. Following a disaster, much attention is paid to potential hazards, such as flammable materials, disease vectors, and toxic substances. However, actual risk is determined by exposure to such hazards; there is no risk if there is no exposure. The World Trade Center attacks, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and the spillage of crude oil during the Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico provide important lessons to engineers who must gauge potential exposure and select interventions to reduce exposures to a broad range of hazards. This paper discusses how exposure assessment varies during the five stages following a disaster (the 5 Rs): rescue, recovery, reentry, reconstruction, and rehabitation. Although every disaster response follows this sequence, the spatial and temporal extent and type of disaster (e.g., immediate threat to human health and safety, long-term threat to ecosystems) determine how an exposure assessment must be conducted.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132966553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000203
N. Grigg
{"title":"Large-Scale Disasters: Vigilance for the Future","authors":"N. Grigg","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000198
U. Tamima, L. Chouinard
AbstractDisaster management planning in Canada is government led, and the responsibilities are divided among federal, provincial, and local levels of government. The Civil Emergency Plan of Greater Montreal (Plan de securite civile de l’agglomeration de Montreal) describes operations and responsibilities during emergencies and provides a framework for the strategic management cycle, which includes action, coordination, and communication between various decision centers. However, evacuation planning processes have not been described for any of these levels of government. Recognizing the necessity for evacuation planning, this paper proposes a three-step framework for earthquake evacuation planning for Montreal: (1) vulnerability assessment of the built environment and community demographics, (2) shelter and evacuation route planning, and (3) preparation of community evacuation maps. This paper also acknowledges the need for participatory and advocacy planning during the preparation of community evacuation ...
{"title":"Framework for Earthquake Evacuation Planning: Case Study for Montreal, Canada","authors":"U. Tamima, L. Chouinard","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000198","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDisaster management planning in Canada is government led, and the responsibilities are divided among federal, provincial, and local levels of government. The Civil Emergency Plan of Greater Montreal (Plan de securite civile de l’agglomeration de Montreal) describes operations and responsibilities during emergencies and provides a framework for the strategic management cycle, which includes action, coordination, and communication between various decision centers. However, evacuation planning processes have not been described for any of these levels of government. Recognizing the necessity for evacuation planning, this paper proposes a three-step framework for earthquake evacuation planning for Montreal: (1) vulnerability assessment of the built environment and community demographics, (2) shelter and evacuation route planning, and (3) preparation of community evacuation maps. This paper also acknowledges the need for participatory and advocacy planning during the preparation of community evacuation ...","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122520008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000184
R. Nóbrega, Bethany Stich
AbstractOver the last decade, the state of Mississippi has shown its high susceptibility to natural and human-made disasters. The damages caused by Hurricane Katrina affected the economy not only of the coastal region, but also of the entire state. In particular, the loss of critical transportation infrastructure affected industries and the labor force. This paper analyzes the strong geographic correlation between the transportation network and economic development. The authors investigated the interdependency of logistics and regional economic distress using a model for simulating disruptions to the transportation network. To calibrate the model, the writers used the disruptions of CSX coastal rails in Mississippi and the shipbuilding industry’s economic indicators in the region pre- and post-Katrina. A hypothetical application of the model was created based on a high-magnitude earthquake along the New Madrid fault, which would impact northwest Mississippi. Disruptions were simulated in the railroad netw...
{"title":"Toward Long-Term Recovery in Mississippi: Understanding the Impact of the Transportation System on Economic Resilience","authors":"R. Nóbrega, Bethany Stich","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000184","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOver the last decade, the state of Mississippi has shown its high susceptibility to natural and human-made disasters. The damages caused by Hurricane Katrina affected the economy not only of the coastal region, but also of the entire state. In particular, the loss of critical transportation infrastructure affected industries and the labor force. This paper analyzes the strong geographic correlation between the transportation network and economic development. The authors investigated the interdependency of logistics and regional economic distress using a model for simulating disruptions to the transportation network. To calibrate the model, the writers used the disruptions of CSX coastal rails in Mississippi and the shipbuilding industry’s economic indicators in the region pre- and post-Katrina. A hypothetical application of the model was created based on a high-magnitude earthquake along the New Madrid fault, which would impact northwest Mississippi. Disruptions were simulated in the railroad netw...","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000185
J. Lukaszewski
The most volatile component of all crisis response is victim management. Failure to promptly, humanely, and empathetically see that victims' needs are met will eclipse an organization's response, and even a flawless response will be remembered for its angry survivors, relatives, public officials, sometimes competitors, but almost always the critics. The two most crucial ingredients of crisis management are effective and accurate communication and then prompt resolution of the issues surrounding vic- tims. This paper familiarizes and sensitizes technical expert readers with the extraordi- nary impact and emotional power victims bring to any crisis situation. Some important techniques and approaches are discussed, including the nature and causes of victimiza- tion and why victims have so much power; the behavior of management and its advisers that triggers, initiates, or prolongs victimization; what victims feel and why they tend to act and remain so upset; and what victims need—validation, visibility, vindication, and extreme empathy/apology—along with constructive strategies that can resolve these different situations quickly and often avoid litigation.
{"title":"Managing the Victim Dimension of Large-Scale Disasters","authors":"J. Lukaszewski","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000185","url":null,"abstract":"The most volatile component of all crisis response is victim management. Failure to promptly, humanely, and empathetically see that victims' needs are met will eclipse an organization's response, and even a flawless response will be remembered for its angry survivors, relatives, public officials, sometimes competitors, but almost always the critics. The two most crucial ingredients of crisis management are effective and accurate communication and then prompt resolution of the issues surrounding vic- tims. This paper familiarizes and sensitizes technical expert readers with the extraordi- nary impact and emotional power victims bring to any crisis situation. Some important techniques and approaches are discussed, including the nature and causes of victimiza- tion and why victims have so much power; the behavior of management and its advisers that triggers, initiates, or prolongs victimization; what victims feel and why they tend to act and remain so upset; and what victims need—validation, visibility, vindication, and extreme empathy/apology—along with constructive strategies that can resolve these different situations quickly and often avoid litigation.","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115407007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000193
S. Walesh
{"title":"Staging a Creative Culture","authors":"S. Walesh","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131313093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000206
A. Fasano, Merlin D. Kirschenman
{"title":"Behind Every Successful Leader Lies a Great Delegator","authors":"A. Fasano, Merlin D. Kirschenman","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000194
W. Hayden
{"title":"It’s the System, Not the People!","authors":"W. Hayden","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":" 589","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131978240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000196
R. Weingardt
{"title":"Canvass White: Pioneering Canal Engineer and Originator of American Cement","authors":"R. Weingardt","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125660873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000181
R. R. Holmes, Noreen O. Schwein, Charles E. Shadie
AbstractFloods have long had a major impact on society and the environment, evidenced by the more than 1,500 federal disaster declarations since 1952 that were associated with flooding. Calendar year 2011 was an epic year for floods in the United States, from the flooding on the Red River of the North in late spring to the Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri River basin floods in the spring and summer to the flooding caused by Hurricane Irene along the eastern seaboard in August. As a society, we continually seek to reduce flood impacts, with these efforts loosely grouped into two categories: mitigation and risk awareness. Mitigation involves such activities as flood assessment, flood control implementation, and regulatory activities such as storm water and floodplain ordinances. Risk awareness ranges from issuance of flood forecasts and warnings to education of lay audiences about the uncertainties inherent in assessing flood probability and risk. This paper concentrates on the issue of flood risk awareness,...
{"title":"Flood Risk Awareness during the 2011 Floods in the Central United States: Showcasing the Importance of Hydrologic Data and Interagency Collaboration","authors":"R. R. Holmes, Noreen O. Schwein, Charles E. Shadie","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000181","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFloods have long had a major impact on society and the environment, evidenced by the more than 1,500 federal disaster declarations since 1952 that were associated with flooding. Calendar year 2011 was an epic year for floods in the United States, from the flooding on the Red River of the North in late spring to the Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri River basin floods in the spring and summer to the flooding caused by Hurricane Irene along the eastern seaboard in August. As a society, we continually seek to reduce flood impacts, with these efforts loosely grouped into two categories: mitigation and risk awareness. Mitigation involves such activities as flood assessment, flood control implementation, and regulatory activities such as storm water and floodplain ordinances. Risk awareness ranges from issuance of flood forecasts and warnings to education of lay audiences about the uncertainties inherent in assessing flood probability and risk. This paper concentrates on the issue of flood risk awareness,...","PeriodicalId":248732,"journal":{"name":"Leadership and Management in Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130892556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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