Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is one of the health issues that has had a major impact on health services all around the world. It was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2021. The nurses were on the frontline of the fight against the Covid-19, which had physical, psychological, social, and economic effects on health and health outcomes. It is crucial that nurses’ experiences during the pandemic are identified. This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences, knowledge, and practices regarding the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in the Duhok City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The online survey was distributed to nurses using a structured questionnaire. The number of nurses who participated in the study was 110. The data col-lection was conducted from 10th May to 10th August 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: The study revealed that the mean age of nurses was 30 years with a standard deviation of 7 years. The highest percentage of the nurses (44.5) were a Bachelor’s degree holders. The nurses had concerns regarding their employment status, workload, and threatened to leave their job. Having sufficient personal protective devices and work protocols to help decrease the risk of infection and stress and anxiety were important issues. Nurses need more training and support systems from leaders and employers to go for-ward and work safely and comfortably. Conclusions: The study highlighted essential points regarding the nurses’ experiences during the pandemic such as the impact of workload, shortage in staffing, threatened termination of employment, and having to do non-nursing activities or tasks. It was clear that the nurse managers have a significant role in providing efficient support to nurses.
{"title":"Nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Duhok City","authors":"Ronak Barwari, S. Kadhim, Khalid Mohammed-Saber","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is one of the health issues that has had a major impact on health services all around the world. It was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2021. The nurses were on the frontline of the fight against the Covid-19, which had physical, psychological, social, and economic effects on health and health outcomes. It is crucial that nurses’ experiences during the pandemic are identified. This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences, knowledge, and practices regarding the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in the Duhok City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The online survey was distributed to nurses using a structured questionnaire. The number of nurses who participated in the study was 110. The data col-lection was conducted from 10th May to 10th August 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: The study revealed that the mean age of nurses was 30 years with a standard deviation of 7 years. The highest percentage of the nurses (44.5) were a Bachelor’s degree holders. The nurses had concerns regarding their employment status, workload, and threatened to leave their job. Having sufficient personal protective devices and work protocols to help decrease the risk of infection and stress and anxiety were important issues. Nurses need more training and support systems from leaders and employers to go for-ward and work safely and comfortably. Conclusions: The study highlighted essential points regarding the nurses’ experiences during the pandemic such as the impact of workload, shortage in staffing, threatened termination of employment, and having to do non-nursing activities or tasks. It was clear that the nurse managers have a significant role in providing efficient support to nurses.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122316014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: The childbirth experience has always been represented as a significant event in women’s lives. With the rising rates of cesarean sections in the Kurdi-stan region and lack of evidence, this study was conducted to explore women’s perceptions and attitudes towards a mode of delivery. Method: An exploratory qualitative design with indepth interviews was used to collect data from 18 pregnant women. All in-depth interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and subsequently analyzed. Inductive content analysis methods were used to establish the meaning units, subthemes, and main themes. Result: From the analysis of depth-interview data of 18 pregnant women, 48 meaning units were obtained. These meaning units were collected into four themes and nine sub-themes. These themes were identified as perceived advantages and disadvantages of a mode of delivery, knowledge deficit, weak healthcare provider's role, and fear related to vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Results showed that women’s decision-making on the mode of delivery depended on their family and friends’ opinions. Health care providers had few roles in providing the necessary information about the advantages and disadvantages of delivery modes, childbirth, and decreasing their fear of vaginal delivery.
{"title":"Pregnant Women's Perception and Attitude Towards Mode of Delivery in Erbil City- A Qualitative Study","authors":"Khadija Ahmed, T. Piro","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The childbirth experience has always been represented as a significant event in women’s lives. With the rising rates of cesarean sections in the Kurdi-stan region and lack of evidence, this study was conducted to explore women’s perceptions and attitudes towards a mode of delivery. Method: An exploratory qualitative design with indepth interviews was used to collect data from 18 pregnant women. All in-depth interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and subsequently analyzed. Inductive content analysis methods were used to establish the meaning units, subthemes, and main themes. Result: From the analysis of depth-interview data of 18 pregnant women, 48 meaning units were obtained. These meaning units were collected into four themes and nine sub-themes. These themes were identified as perceived advantages and disadvantages of a mode of delivery, knowledge deficit, weak healthcare provider's role, and fear related to vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Results showed that women’s decision-making on the mode of delivery depended on their family and friends’ opinions. Health care providers had few roles in providing the necessary information about the advantages and disadvantages of delivery modes, childbirth, and decreasing their fear of vaginal delivery.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123913697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Shift work is used in the hospitals and residential treatment centres to provide patients with continuous health care. During their night shift, nurses are often faced with different health problems either due to the stressful work environment or because of the sophisticated instruments to be utilized in intensive care units. The present study was aimed at investigating the lived experience of nurses working on the night shifts at Rizgary Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to describe the lived experiences of nurses working on night shifts. In doing so and in order to collect the required data, open-ended semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out to explore thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences of 15 nurses who were working on the night shifts in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil. The collected data were then analyzed by Van Manen’s (1990) method. Results: Study participants were between 26 and 38 years old. The majority were male (60%) and 40% were female. Regarding marital status, 10 participants were married and 5 were single. Most of the nurses had Bachelor degrees (86.6%). The respondents work experience was between 3 and 8 years. Almost all of the participating nurses had similar lived experiences during their night shifts. The nurses' lived experiences gave way to the emergence of four themes namely workload, psychosocial issues, sleep disturbance and physiological issues. Conclusion: The present study showed that nurses working on night shifts faced many problems and issues such as poor sleep quality sleep, working for a long time, fatigue and anxiety, back pain, mood disturbance and lack of concentration.
{"title":"A Qualitative Investigation into the Lived Experiences of Critical Care Nurses Working on Night Shifts","authors":"H. Rasheed, N. Aziz, G. Osman","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Shift work is used in the hospitals and residential treatment centres to provide patients with continuous health care. During their night shift, nurses are often faced with different health problems either due to the stressful work environment or because of the sophisticated instruments to be utilized in intensive care units. The present study was aimed at investigating the lived experience of nurses working on the night shifts at Rizgary Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to describe the lived experiences of nurses working on night shifts. In doing so and in order to collect the required data, open-ended semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out to explore thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences of 15 nurses who were working on the night shifts in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil. The collected data were then analyzed by Van Manen’s (1990) method. Results: Study participants were between 26 and 38 years old. The majority were male (60%) and 40% were female. Regarding marital status, 10 participants were married and 5 were single. Most of the nurses had Bachelor degrees (86.6%). The respondents work experience was between 3 and 8 years. Almost all of the participating nurses had similar lived experiences during their night shifts. The nurses' lived experiences gave way to the emergence of four themes namely workload, psychosocial issues, sleep disturbance and physiological issues. Conclusion: The present study showed that nurses working on night shifts faced many problems and issues such as poor sleep quality sleep, working for a long time, fatigue and anxiety, back pain, mood disturbance and lack of concentration.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116016897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Playing video games is associated with poor academic achievement, Student who got their game systems directly spent less time on homework and, four months later, they got lower reading and writing scores, their teachers were more likely to report academic difficulties. The aim of study is to identify the effect of play video game on school achievement. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at five primary school in Erbil city 50 students was taken as a case group compared with 200 students as control group started from 15 September to 15 November 2020. A Questionnaire format was used as a tool for data collection and consists, demographic information of the students, parents and some Items about students game, Official permission has been obtained from College of Nursing / Hawler Medical University, Ministry of Education and primary schools. Data was analyzed through using frequency, percentage and chi-square by using SPSS, 22. Results: The study reveal that 58% of participants were age group between 12-14 years old, 74% of them were boys among playing group, 18% of father were graduated from college, 60% of played children were from middle socioeconomic status, 16% of game players have missed school, 66% of played students were missed homework, about 10% of the students have a good school achievement among who played video games and more than half (58%) among non-play students. There is highly significant association between parent educational levels with their children school achievement. Conclusions: Playing video game was negatively associated with poor school achievement. The study recommended the parent to limit the time of playing less than one hour daily, also limit the number and type of game especially fighting game and replaced with educational game.
{"title":"Effect of Video Game on School Achievement in School Age Children in Erbil/City","authors":"N. Othman, Rozhan Khedir, G. Azeez, K. Qadir","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Playing video games is associated with poor academic achievement, Student who got their game systems directly spent less time on homework and, four months later, they got lower reading and writing scores, their teachers were more likely to report academic difficulties. The aim of study is to identify the effect of play video game on school achievement. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at five primary school in Erbil city 50 students was taken as a case group compared with 200 students as control group started from 15 September to 15 November 2020. A Questionnaire format was used as a tool for data collection and consists, demographic information of the students, parents and some Items about students game, Official permission has been obtained from College of Nursing / Hawler Medical University, Ministry of Education and primary schools. Data was analyzed through using frequency, percentage and chi-square by using SPSS, 22. Results: The study reveal that 58% of participants were age group between 12-14 years old, 74% of them were boys among playing group, 18% of father were graduated from college, 60% of played children were from middle socioeconomic status, 16% of game players have missed school, 66% of played students were missed homework, about 10% of the students have a good school achievement among who played video games and more than half (58%) among non-play students. There is highly significant association between parent educational levels with their children school achievement. Conclusions: Playing video game was negatively associated with poor school achievement. The study recommended the parent to limit the time of playing less than one hour daily, also limit the number and type of game especially fighting game and replaced with educational game.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: In women worldwide, breast cancer is the most common can-cer. It is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women, accounting for 15% of all cancer deaths in the female population. In most countries, breast cancer incidence rates are higher than they have ever been at an early age. This study aimed to identify the level of nurses’ awareness towards risk factors of breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 341 nurses from different de-partments in three Kirkuk city hospitals (Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk General Hospital, and Pediatric Hospital) from 25 February to 25 June 2021. A non-probability/convenient sampling technique was utilized to collect data. A socio-demographic characteristics data form and awareness of breast cancer risk factors form were used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Scienc-es, version 21, presenting descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, per-centage and chi-square test. Results: Out of the 341 nurses, 44.9% were from Azadi Teaching Hospital, while more than one-third (38.1%) were from Kirkuk General Hospital, and 17% were from Pediatric Hospi-tal. Most of the nurses, 38.4%, were between the ages of 21 and 25, 64.8% were female, and 66.9% were married. About 36.1% of nurses report acceptable level of awareness and 5.9% report being with good level of awareness about risk factors associated with breast cancer. Conclusion: The awareness level of breast cancer risk factors among nurses working in Kirkuk city hospitals was generally high. Younger age was associated with higher level of awareness of risk factors. Regarding to the gender was highly significant differences be-tween the nurses’ awareness of breast cancer risk factors.
背景和目的:在全世界的女性中，乳腺癌是最常见的癌症。它是女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一，占女性癌症死亡总数的15%。在大多数国家，早期乳腺癌的发病率比以往任何时候都要高。本研究旨在了解护士对乳腺癌危险因素的认知水平。方法:对2021年2月25日至6月25日基尔库克市三家医院(阿扎迪教学医院、基尔库克综合医院和儿科医院)不同科室的341名护士进行了横断面研究。采用非概率/方便抽样技术收集数据。采用社会人口学特征数据表和乳腺癌危险因素认知数据表，通过面对面访谈收集数据。使用社会科学统计软件包(Statistical Package for the Social sciences -es, version 21)对数据进行分析，提供包括频率、百分比和卡方检验在内的描述性和推断性统计。结果:341名护士中，44.9%来自阿扎迪教学医院，超过三分之一(38.1%)来自基尔库克综合医院，17%来自儿科医院。年龄在21 ~ 25岁之间的护士占38.4%，女性占64.8%，已婚护士占66.9%。约36.1%的护士表示对乳腺癌相关危险因素的认识水平可以接受，5.9%的护士表示对乳腺癌相关危险因素的认识水平良好。结论:基尔库克市医院护士对乳腺癌危险因素的知晓率普遍较高。年龄越小，对危险因素的认识水平越高。护士对乳腺癌危险因素的知晓程度在性别上存在显著差异。
{"title":"Nurses’ Awareness toward Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Kirkuk City Hospitals","authors":"Burhan Saadoon, Salih A. Abdulla","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: In women worldwide, breast cancer is the most common can-cer. It is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women, accounting for 15% of all cancer deaths in the female population. In most countries, breast cancer incidence rates are higher than they have ever been at an early age. This study aimed to identify the level of nurses’ awareness towards risk factors of breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 341 nurses from different de-partments in three Kirkuk city hospitals (Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk General Hospital, and Pediatric Hospital) from 25 February to 25 June 2021. A non-probability/convenient sampling technique was utilized to collect data. A socio-demographic characteristics data form and awareness of breast cancer risk factors form were used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Scienc-es, version 21, presenting descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, per-centage and chi-square test. Results: Out of the 341 nurses, 44.9% were from Azadi Teaching Hospital, while more than one-third (38.1%) were from Kirkuk General Hospital, and 17% were from Pediatric Hospi-tal. Most of the nurses, 38.4%, were between the ages of 21 and 25, 64.8% were female, and 66.9% were married. About 36.1% of nurses report acceptable level of awareness and 5.9% report being with good level of awareness about risk factors associated with breast cancer. Conclusion: The awareness level of breast cancer risk factors among nurses working in Kirkuk city hospitals was generally high. Younger age was associated with higher level of awareness of risk factors. Regarding to the gender was highly significant differences be-tween the nurses’ awareness of breast cancer risk factors.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128483707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Premarital screening is an effective method for monitoring, reducing, and avoiding genetic abnormalities and certain viral infections. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of couples who attended a family counselling clinic in Sulimani City towards the premarital screening and genetic counselling programme. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 310 couples attending the family counselling clinic in Sulaimani City. The statistical analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis including frequency, percentage, mean and stranded deviation, independent samples T-Test and one way ANOVA (F-test). Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 20-30 years old. In terms of attitudes, 73.55% of the couples had a favourable attitude toward premarital screening and genetic counselling. There were statistically significant differences between couples' attitudes and age (p=0.012), educational level (p=0.013), and consanguinity (P < 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences between couples' attitudes and gender (p=0.49), employment (p=0.785), residential area (0.116), and family history of hereditary blood disease (p=0.45) because of p-value >0.05. Conclusion: Couples' attitudes about premarital screening and genetic counselling programmes are positive.
{"title":"Attitudes of Couples attending Family Counselling Clinic in Sulaimani City towards the Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling Programme","authors":"Nyan Aziz, Salih A. Abdulla","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Premarital screening is an effective method for monitoring, reducing, and avoiding genetic abnormalities and certain viral infections. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of couples who attended a family counselling clinic in Sulimani City towards the premarital screening and genetic counselling programme. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 310 couples attending the family counselling clinic in Sulaimani City. The statistical analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis including frequency, percentage, mean and stranded deviation, independent samples T-Test and one way ANOVA (F-test). Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 20-30 years old. In terms of attitudes, 73.55% of the couples had a favourable attitude toward premarital screening and genetic counselling. There were statistically significant differences between couples' attitudes and age (p=0.012), educational level (p=0.013), and consanguinity (P < 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences between couples' attitudes and gender (p=0.49), employment (p=0.785), residential area (0.116), and family history of hereditary blood disease (p=0.45) because of p-value >0.05. Conclusion: Couples' attitudes about premarital screening and genetic counselling programmes are positive.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124540481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Students at the university level are more exposed to changes in physical and social status and lifestyle changes, which will affect students’ eating habits. This study aimed to assess dietary habits among medical science students in Duhok city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 20th January 2019 to 28th April 2019. The cluster sampling procedure enrolled 359 medical science students aged 18-26 years from five medical science colleges in Duhok city. Dietary habits were obtained by direct interview. The questionnaire consists of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, questions regarding main meals, and measuring dietary habits using a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Most of the study participants were males 56.8% with a mean age was 21 years. Slightly more than half of the students 52% claimed they ate three main meals every day and about 11% skipped it. About 45% of the participants ate breakfast every day. The most frequently eaten meals and beverages among students were soft drinks 80%, rice 80%, snacks 72%, and sweats/chocolate 70%. Decreased intake of fruits 60%, vegetables 50%, and dairy products 38% were observed. There were significant differences among males and females in food consumption and beverages namely, sports drinks, eggs, cheese, red meat, chips, and sweets/chocolate. Conclusion: The current study indicated that skipping meals was typical among students. Most students had unhealthy food habits and behaviors according to the standard recommendations for eating and drinking daily. The assessment of dietary habits as a part of the health component can serve as a screening tool to identify adult students to improve their well-being and dietary habits.
背景与目的:大学阶段的学生更容易接触到身体和社会地位的变化以及生活方式的改变，这些都会影响到学生的饮食习惯。本研究旨在评估杜霍克市医科学生的饮食习惯。方法:于2019年1月20日至2019年4月28日进行描述性横断面研究。整群抽样方法从杜霍克市5所医学院招收了359名年龄在18-26岁的医科学生。通过直接访谈获得饮食习惯。问卷由三部分组成:社会人口特征，关于主餐的问题，以及使用李克特量表测量饮食习惯。数据分析采用SPSS version 23。结果:研究对象以男性居多，平均年龄21岁，占56.8%。略多于一半(52%)的学生声称他们每天吃三顿正餐，约11%的学生不吃正餐。大约45%的参与者每天都吃早餐。学生们最常吃的食物和饮料是软饮料80%，米饭80%，零食72%，汗水/巧克力70%。水果摄入量减少60%，蔬菜减少50%，乳制品减少38%。男性和女性在食物消费和饮料方面存在显著差异，即运动饮料、鸡蛋、奶酪、红肉、薯片和糖果/巧克力。结论:目前的研究表明，不吃饭在学生中是典型的。大多数学生的饮食习惯和行为不符合日常饮食的标准建议。作为健康成分的一部分，饮食习惯的评估可以作为一种筛选工具，以确定成年学生，以改善他们的健康和饮食习惯。
{"title":"Dietary Habits among Medical Science Students in Duhok City","authors":"D. Ramadhan, A. Tahir, R. Abdullah","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Students at the university level are more exposed to changes in physical and social status and lifestyle changes, which will affect students’ eating habits. This study aimed to assess dietary habits among medical science students in Duhok city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 20th January 2019 to 28th April 2019. The cluster sampling procedure enrolled 359 medical science students aged 18-26 years from five medical science colleges in Duhok city. Dietary habits were obtained by direct interview. The questionnaire consists of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, questions regarding main meals, and measuring dietary habits using a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Most of the study participants were males 56.8% with a mean age was 21 years. Slightly more than half of the students 52% claimed they ate three main meals every day and about 11% skipped it. About 45% of the participants ate breakfast every day. The most frequently eaten meals and beverages among students were soft drinks 80%, rice 80%, snacks 72%, and sweats/chocolate 70%. Decreased intake of fruits 60%, vegetables 50%, and dairy products 38% were observed. There were significant differences among males and females in food consumption and beverages namely, sports drinks, eggs, cheese, red meat, chips, and sweets/chocolate. Conclusion: The current study indicated that skipping meals was typical among students. Most students had unhealthy food habits and behaviors according to the standard recommendations for eating and drinking daily. The assessment of dietary habits as a part of the health component can serve as a screening tool to identify adult students to improve their well-being and dietary habits.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122244659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Breast cancer appears to be becoming more common worldwide. It is the most common type of cancer in women in the Middle East and the Western countries. Patients with breast cancer are at a high risk of developing psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression levels in breast cancer patients and their risk factors for breast cancer. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study design was conducted at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Nanakali Oncology Hospital in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 1st September 2020 to 5th August 2021. The duration of data collection was four months and purposive sampling was used to select 298 patients who were admitted to both hospitals. A questionnaire format was used to gather the data, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) standardized questionnaire was utilized to measure the level of anxiety and depression. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.28±9.17 years, 80.5% were married, 60.7% of the studied sample had a low socioeconomic status. Almost a third (30.5%) of the participants had severe anxiety and 60.4% had severe depression. Concerning the risk factors of breast cancer, 82.2% of patients were obese, 91.9% did not do exercise, 35.6% had breast cancer family history, 93.6% were non-smoker, and 6.4% of them were smokers. Conclusion: According to the findings, the majority of breast cancer patients suffer from anxiety and depression, and obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer.
{"title":"Anxiety and Depression Levels with Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City – Iraq","authors":"M. Kareem, D. Taher","doi":"10.15218/ejnm.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Breast cancer appears to be becoming more common worldwide. It is the most common type of cancer in women in the Middle East and the Western countries. Patients with breast cancer are at a high risk of developing psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression levels in breast cancer patients and their risk factors for breast cancer. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study design was conducted at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Nanakali Oncology Hospital in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 1st September 2020 to 5th August 2021. The duration of data collection was four months and purposive sampling was used to select 298 patients who were admitted to both hospitals. A questionnaire format was used to gather the data, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) standardized questionnaire was utilized to measure the level of anxiety and depression. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.28±9.17 years, 80.5% were married, 60.7% of the studied sample had a low socioeconomic status. Almost a third (30.5%) of the participants had severe anxiety and 60.4% had severe depression. Concerning the risk factors of breast cancer, 82.2% of patients were obese, 91.9% did not do exercise, 35.6% had breast cancer family history, 93.6% were non-smoker, and 6.4% of them were smokers. Conclusion: According to the findings, the majority of breast cancer patients suffer from anxiety and depression, and obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130199039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Shaken baby syndrome and pediatric abuse head trauma are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity due to physical child abuse. Nurses have a main role in parents’ education regarding child abuse prevention. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome in Erbil City. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at postpartum units, the delivery room and the ward at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, and the inpatient and intensive care units at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in 2017 in Erbil City. A purposive sample of 50 nurses was recruited to the study. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire for interviewing the study participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and in-ferential statistical analysis. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 19-25 years old and most did not have enough knowledge regarding the signs and symptoms of the shaken baby syndrome (irritability, lethargy, poor feeding breathing problems, uncon-trollable crying, vomiting, bluish skin, changes in sleeping pattern, convulsions or seizures and unresponsiveness). Nurses also had insufficient knowledge about the risk factors of this condition. Only a quarter of nurses knew that domestic violence is a risk factor and less than a quarter of them recognized depression and substance abuse of the caregiver as a risk factor. Regarding knowledge of the complications, the study found that a quarter of nurses knew that brain damage, cerebral palsy and blindness are complications of the shaken baby syndrome. Conclusions: Majority of nurses had poor knowledge about causes, signs, symptoms, risk factors and complications of the shaken baby syndrome.
{"title":"Knowledge of Shaken Baby Syndrome among Hospital Nurses in Erbil City","authors":"N. Shaker, M. Muhammad, G. Aziz","doi":"10.15218/EJNM.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/EJNM.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Shaken baby syndrome and pediatric abuse head trauma are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity due to physical child abuse. Nurses have a main role in parents’ education regarding child abuse prevention. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome in Erbil City. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at postpartum units, the delivery room and the ward at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, and the inpatient and intensive care units at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in 2017 in Erbil City. A purposive sample of 50 nurses was recruited to the study. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire for interviewing the study participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and in-ferential statistical analysis. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 19-25 years old and most did not have enough knowledge regarding the signs and symptoms of the shaken baby syndrome (irritability, lethargy, poor feeding breathing problems, uncon-trollable crying, vomiting, bluish skin, changes in sleeping pattern, convulsions or seizures and unresponsiveness). Nurses also had insufficient knowledge about the risk factors of this condition. Only a quarter of nurses knew that domestic violence is a risk factor and less than a quarter of them recognized depression and substance abuse of the caregiver as a risk factor. Regarding knowledge of the complications, the study found that a quarter of nurses knew that brain damage, cerebral palsy and blindness are complications of the shaken baby syndrome. Conclusions: Majority of nurses had poor knowledge about causes, signs, symptoms, risk factors and complications of the shaken baby syndrome.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125040242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: COVID-19 has adverse effects on physical and mental health and threatens the quality of life significantly; therefore, it is necessary to help COVID-19 patients with their lifestyle, which is tightly bound to the quality of their lives. The present study aims to develop plans to improve the quality of life among COVID-19 patients by an-alyzing their lived experiences. Methods and patients: The present qualitative study was conducted from August to Sep-tember 2020 on twelve COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Erbil’s Emirates Hospital, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In-depth semi-structured interviews (12) were utilized to collect data. Trustworthiness was ensured by making an excellent prolonged relationship with the patients, peer-checking, member-checking, and implementing experts’ suggestion at every stage. Four main themes were extracted from the interviews, which were transcribed ver-batim and analyzed using the six methodological activities proposed by Van Manen. Results: The present study results indicated that COVID-19 patients have a difficult time dealing with the disease and getting adapted to their new situation, leading to a remarka-ble decrease in the quality of their lives. Analyzing the transcribed interviews led to emer-gence of four main themes: “disbelief in being really ill,” “fear and stress,” “changes in lifestyle,” and “seriously adhering to health guidelines.” Conclusion: Our results showed that COVID-19 patients suffer from physical pain and un-dergo poor mental health due to fear and stress resulting in worsening quality of life. A deep understanding of COVID-19 patients’ states and situations is highly significant to help nurses and nursing managers plan effective strategies for caring for patients with COVID-19.
{"title":"Lived Experiences of Patients with COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq: A Qualitative Study","authors":"S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.15218/EJNM.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/EJNM.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: COVID-19 has adverse effects on physical and mental health and threatens the quality of life significantly; therefore, it is necessary to help COVID-19 patients with their lifestyle, which is tightly bound to the quality of their lives. The present study aims to develop plans to improve the quality of life among COVID-19 patients by an-alyzing their lived experiences. Methods and patients: The present qualitative study was conducted from August to Sep-tember 2020 on twelve COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Erbil’s Emirates Hospital, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In-depth semi-structured interviews (12) were utilized to collect data. Trustworthiness was ensured by making an excellent prolonged relationship with the patients, peer-checking, member-checking, and implementing experts’ suggestion at every stage. Four main themes were extracted from the interviews, which were transcribed ver-batim and analyzed using the six methodological activities proposed by Van Manen. Results: The present study results indicated that COVID-19 patients have a difficult time dealing with the disease and getting adapted to their new situation, leading to a remarka-ble decrease in the quality of their lives. Analyzing the transcribed interviews led to emer-gence of four main themes: “disbelief in being really ill,” “fear and stress,” “changes in lifestyle,” and “seriously adhering to health guidelines.” Conclusion: Our results showed that COVID-19 patients suffer from physical pain and un-dergo poor mental health due to fear and stress resulting in worsening quality of life. A deep understanding of COVID-19 patients’ states and situations is highly significant to help nurses and nursing managers plan effective strategies for caring for patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":250078,"journal":{"name":"Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116231342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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