Cultural and heritage tourism shows tremendous potential in developing countries and regions where traditional economic activities are no longer sustainable. Sharing and preserving cultural heritage in tourism is challenging while advocating economic benefits. An integrated approach to examine sustainability, tourism, cultural heritage and economic wellbeing is overseen. Theorizing above concepts in postwar context indicates laps in academic literature. This paper examines the cultural and heritage tourism development potentials and their sustainability issues in postwar development in Jaffna. The study argues that comprehensive analysis of cultural resources and their potential in ongoing development, drawing plans and institutionalizing the cultural and heritage tourism initiatives, enlightening authorities on cultural and heritage tourism and sustainable community development, stakeholder empowerment and fully engaging all development agencies in a single mission in postwar areas are prerequisites for sustainability of ongoing isolated activities. The empowerment of community and other key stakeholders of the cultural heritage is the key to address long-term sustainability.
{"title":"Cultural and Heritage Tourism Development in Postwar Regions: Concerns for Sustainability from Northern Sri Lankan Capital Jaffna","authors":"R. Ranasinghe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517648","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural and heritage tourism shows tremendous potential in developing countries and regions where traditional economic activities are no longer sustainable. Sharing and preserving cultural heritage in tourism is challenging while advocating economic benefits. An integrated approach to examine sustainability, tourism, cultural heritage and economic wellbeing is overseen. Theorizing above concepts in postwar context indicates laps in academic literature. This paper examines the cultural and heritage tourism development potentials and their sustainability issues in postwar development in Jaffna. The study argues that comprehensive analysis of cultural resources and their potential in ongoing development, drawing plans and institutionalizing the cultural and heritage tourism initiatives, enlightening authorities on cultural and heritage tourism and sustainable community development, stakeholder empowerment and fully engaging all development agencies in a single mission in postwar areas are prerequisites for sustainability of ongoing isolated activities. The empowerment of community and other key stakeholders of the cultural heritage is the key to address long-term sustainability.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128794753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses bicycles as a case study to illustrate how the needs of the bottom of the pyramid can be met through innovative financing of income generating assets. The organization, Bicycles Against Poverty (BAP) works with smallholder farmers that have sporadic incomes. Through a hybridized model of micro-credit and subsidization, BAP is able to make bicycles accessible to those that would otherwise not be able to afford them.
{"title":"Asset Financing: A Micro-Credit–Subsidization Hybrid Model","authors":"N. Jane, Dick Muyambi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2717029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2717029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses bicycles as a case study to illustrate how the needs of the bottom of the pyramid can be met through innovative financing of income generating assets. The organization, Bicycles Against Poverty (BAP) works with smallholder farmers that have sporadic incomes. Through a hybridized model of micro-credit and subsidization, BAP is able to make bicycles accessible to those that would otherwise not be able to afford them.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123672058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Bank’s global poverty estimates suffer from deep-seated problems arising from a single source, the lack of a standard for identifying who is poor and who is not that is consistent and meaningful. The new choice of an international poverty line of $1.90 (2011 PPP) does not in any way resolve these problems. We present alternate estimates of global, regional and national poverty based on reasoning as to what the Bank’s own method, consistently applied, would entail. These show an increase in the absolute number of poor since 1980 or 1990 for certain choices of poverty line. However, we recommend an approach to income poverty assessment that is altogether different, focusing directly on identifying the real requirements of human beings to attain income-dependent human capabilities.
{"title":"$1.90 Per Day: What Does it Say?","authors":"S. Reddy, Rahul Lahoti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2685096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2685096","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank’s global poverty estimates suffer from deep-seated problems arising from a single source, the lack of a standard for identifying who is poor and who is not that is consistent and meaningful. The new choice of an international poverty line of $1.90 (2011 PPP) does not in any way resolve these problems. We present alternate estimates of global, regional and national poverty based on reasoning as to what the Bank’s own method, consistently applied, would entail. These show an increase in the absolute number of poor since 1980 or 1990 for certain choices of poverty line. However, we recommend an approach to income poverty assessment that is altogether different, focusing directly on identifying the real requirements of human beings to attain income-dependent human capabilities.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"57 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128005791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Populations around the world are becoming older and countries are increasingly adopting defined contribution (DC) pension schemes to ensure adequate and sustainable retirement incomes for people. Such schemes typically give people the ability to exert choice in a series of key decisions in the administration of their own retirement wealth. One of such decisions is how to allocate retirement assets across different investment options. This paper reviews how investment choice in DC pension schemes is regulated across different countries and also reviews actual country experiences in terms of individual active choice. The discussion of policy implications is supported by the current knowledge in the literature on behavioral economics and finance. How much freedom workers should have over the choice of a pension provider and the choice of investment portfolio is a key economic and policy question because academic literature shows that people’s behavior is often characterized by naive decisions, inertia and switching and searching costs. What the evidence tells us, in general, is that the proportion of people that actively choose how to invest their pension contributions is low. People’s money is often invested in default investment funds. Therefore, policy intervention is usually desirable, particularly in the design of an optimal default policy. Our discussion suggests that an optimal regulation approach would move the basis of competition from short-term returns to long-term returns. One strategy is to set performance objectives for pension funds for outperforming a long-term benchmark fund (or funds) regulated by the government. Such funds could operate with life-cycle principles.
{"title":"Investment Choice in Defined-Contribution Pension Schemes: International Experience and Policy Issues","authors":"Eduardo Rodríguez-Montemayor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2520439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2520439","url":null,"abstract":"Populations around the world are becoming older and countries are increasingly adopting defined contribution (DC) pension schemes to ensure adequate and sustainable retirement incomes for people. Such schemes typically give people the ability to exert choice in a series of key decisions in the administration of their own retirement wealth. One of such decisions is how to allocate retirement assets across different investment options. This paper reviews how investment choice in DC pension schemes is regulated across different countries and also reviews actual country experiences in terms of individual active choice. The discussion of policy implications is supported by the current knowledge in the literature on behavioral economics and finance. How much freedom workers should have over the choice of a pension provider and the choice of investment portfolio is a key economic and policy question because academic literature shows that people’s behavior is often characterized by naive decisions, inertia and switching and searching costs. What the evidence tells us, in general, is that the proportion of people that actively choose how to invest their pension contributions is low. People’s money is often invested in default investment funds. Therefore, policy intervention is usually desirable, particularly in the design of an optimal default policy. Our discussion suggests that an optimal regulation approach would move the basis of competition from short-term returns to long-term returns. One strategy is to set performance objectives for pension funds for outperforming a long-term benchmark fund (or funds) regulated by the government. Such funds could operate with life-cycle principles.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131801143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the relationship between the timing of childhood immigration and children’s life chances in adulthood. I analyze panel data on siblings from Norwegian administrative registries which enables me to disentangle the effect of age at arrival on adult socioeconomic outcomes from all fixed family-level conditions and endowments shared by siblings. Findings from sibling fixed-effects models reveal a progressively stronger adverse influence of immigration at later stages of childhood on children’s completed schooling, employment, adult earnings, occupational attainment, and social welfare assistance. The persistence of these relationships within families indicates that experiences related to the timing of childhood immigration have causal effects on later-life outcomes. The effect of age at arrival is heterogeneous across regions of origin. It is strong among childhood immigrants arriving from less-developed origin countries, but weak among children with background from developed countries. In sum, these findings indicate that the timing of childhood immigration after early-life formative periods can impose structural constraints on children’s human capital accumulation and labor market opportunities over the life course.
{"title":"Timing of Childhood Immigration and Children's Life Chances","authors":"A. Hermansen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2518309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2518309","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the relationship between the timing of childhood immigration and children’s life chances in adulthood. I analyze panel data on siblings from Norwegian administrative registries which enables me to disentangle the effect of age at arrival on adult socioeconomic outcomes from all fixed family-level conditions and endowments shared by siblings. Findings from sibling fixed-effects models reveal a progressively stronger adverse influence of immigration at later stages of childhood on children’s completed schooling, employment, adult earnings, occupational attainment, and social welfare assistance. The persistence of these relationships within families indicates that experiences related to the timing of childhood immigration have causal effects on later-life outcomes. The effect of age at arrival is heterogeneous across regions of origin. It is strong among childhood immigrants arriving from less-developed origin countries, but weak among children with background from developed countries. In sum, these findings indicate that the timing of childhood immigration after early-life formative periods can impose structural constraints on children’s human capital accumulation and labor market opportunities over the life course.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The buzz-and-pipeline model (Maskell et al. 2006; Bathelt et al. 2004) claims that clusters of economic activity need both a rich “local buzz” and the creation of “global pipelines” with external actors to increase their innovative capacity. While co-location is sufficient to profit from the “buzz”, “pipelines” require a high investment in their construction and nurturing. This paper complements this model by emphasizing the role that actors outside firms, especially communities, play in facilitating both the local and the global knowledge dynamics in cities. The knowledge transfer between distant similar communities is facilitated by the cognitive proximity that bonds members of knowing communities and that appears more determinant than geographic proximity. This community-based model is empirically illustrated by a three-case study on different knowing communities in Barcelona (fabbers, coworkers and makers). The paper concludes that by fostering the development and nurturing of such communities, policy makers might contribute to increase the innovative capacity of urban agglomerations.
蜂鸣声和管道模型(Maskell et al. 2006;Bathelt et al. 2004)声称，经济活动集群既需要丰富的“本地嗡嗡声”，也需要与外部参与者建立“全球管道”，以提高其创新能力。虽然托管足以从“嗡嗡声”中获利，但“管道”需要在其建设和培育方面进行高额投资。本文通过强调企业以外的行动者，特别是社区，在促进城市本地和全球知识动态方面发挥的作用，对该模型进行了补充。遥远的相似社区之间的知识转移是由认知上的接近促进的，这种接近将已知社区的成员联系在一起，这似乎比地理上的接近更具决定性。通过对巴塞罗那不同知识社区(fabbers、同事和制造者)的三个案例研究，实证地说明了这种基于社区的模型。本文的结论是，决策者通过促进这些社区的发展和培育，可能有助于提高城市群的创新能力。
{"title":"Knowing Communities and the Innovative Capacity of Cities","authors":"Ignasi Capdevila","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2384680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2384680","url":null,"abstract":"The buzz-and-pipeline model (Maskell et al. 2006; Bathelt et al. 2004) claims that clusters of economic activity need both a rich “local buzz” and the creation of “global pipelines” with external actors to increase their innovative capacity. While co-location is sufficient to profit from the “buzz”, “pipelines” require a high investment in their construction and nurturing. This paper complements this model by emphasizing the role that actors outside firms, especially communities, play in facilitating both the local and the global knowledge dynamics in cities. The knowledge transfer between distant similar communities is facilitated by the cognitive proximity that bonds members of knowing communities and that appears more determinant than geographic proximity. This community-based model is empirically illustrated by a three-case study on different knowing communities in Barcelona (fabbers, coworkers and makers). The paper concludes that by fostering the development and nurturing of such communities, policy makers might contribute to increase the innovative capacity of urban agglomerations.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116312014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gambacorta, Giuseppe Ilardi, A. Locatelli, Raffaella Pico, C. Rampazzi
The paper presents the main results of the Eurosystemi?½s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) with an emphasis on the data for Italy in the international context. The paper examines householdsi?½ socio-demographic characteristics, assets and income distribution, participation in real and financial assets and indebtedness levels. The results for Italy reveal a mean household gross income below the euro-area average. The concentration of income in Italy is roughly positioned at a median position, while the index of relative poverty is comparatively high. Among the main countries of the euro area, Italy shows the same average level of net worth per capita of Spain and slightly higher levels than those of France and Germany, in line with the high savings rates that characterized Italian households over the last few decades, although this trend has decreased in recent years. Finally, Italy shows the lowest percentage of indebted households.
{"title":"Principali Risultati dell’Household Finance and Consumption Survey: l’Italia Nel Confronto Internazionale (Main Results of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey: Italy in the International Context)","authors":"R. Gambacorta, Giuseppe Ilardi, A. Locatelli, Raffaella Pico, C. Rampazzi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2261195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2261195","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the main results of the Eurosystemi?½s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) with an emphasis on the data for Italy in the international context. The paper examines householdsi?½ socio-demographic characteristics, assets and income distribution, participation in real and financial assets and indebtedness levels. The results for Italy reveal a mean household gross income below the euro-area average. The concentration of income in Italy is roughly positioned at a median position, while the index of relative poverty is comparatively high. Among the main countries of the euro area, Italy shows the same average level of net worth per capita of Spain and slightly higher levels than those of France and Germany, in line with the high savings rates that characterized Italian households over the last few decades, although this trend has decreased in recent years. Finally, Italy shows the lowest percentage of indebted households.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127934970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the large impact of paranormal belief on human behavior, we currently know very little about its implications for consumer behaviors. This study uses house buying as the target consumer behavior, we seek to explore the influence of paranormal belief on the taboos Taiwanese adults encounter in their decision to buy a house. In addition to the seven dimensions of paranormal belief identified by Tobacyk (1988) in the western society, we also included two dimensions commonly observed in the eastern society: qi and feng-shui. Our results support the assertions that paranormal belief has influence on Taiwanese consumer behavior and eastern paranormal belief adds to the predictive power of the traditional construct of the western paranormal belief in relation to predicting consumer behaviors in the eastern context.
{"title":"The Influence of Paranormal Belief on House Buying: Implications for Taiwanese Consumer Behavior","authors":"Tungshan Chou, Ling-Chuan Chang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2174245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2174245","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the large impact of paranormal belief on human behavior, we currently know very little about its implications for consumer behaviors. This study uses house buying as the target consumer behavior, we seek to explore the influence of paranormal belief on the taboos Taiwanese adults encounter in their decision to buy a house. In addition to the seven dimensions of paranormal belief identified by Tobacyk (1988) in the western society, we also included two dimensions commonly observed in the eastern society: qi and feng-shui. Our results support the assertions that paranormal belief has influence on Taiwanese consumer behavior and eastern paranormal belief adds to the predictive power of the traditional construct of the western paranormal belief in relation to predicting consumer behaviors in the eastern context.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132586921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women in India are relatively disadvantaged and they enjoy somewhat a lower status than men in spite of the various measures and efforts taken by different governments. Gender gap still exists regarding their access to education and employment. The most recent way out suggested nationally as well as internationally to bridge this gap is through the initiation of Gender Responsiveness in the formulation of plans and budgeting the plan outlays. The present study in this context examines the gender responsiveness in the eleventh plan policies and outlays of the Kothamangalam Municipal Corporation. Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) is actually government planning and budgeting that contributes to the advancement of gender equality. 'It does not in any way mean separate budgets for women, or for men. It is an attempt to break down or disaggregate the government’s mainstream budget according to its impacts on women and men'. The present study in this context examines the gender responsiveness in the eleventh plan policies and outlays of the Kothamangalam Municipal Corporation.
{"title":"Gender Responsiveness in Planning and Budgeting: A Study of Annual Plan Budget of Kothamangalam Municipal Corporation","authors":"Jaheer Mukthar, M. Rajendran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2184611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2184611","url":null,"abstract":"Women in India are relatively disadvantaged and they enjoy somewhat a lower status than men in spite of the various measures and efforts taken by different governments. Gender gap still exists regarding their access to education and employment. The most recent way out suggested nationally as well as internationally to bridge this gap is through the initiation of Gender Responsiveness in the formulation of plans and budgeting the plan outlays. The present study in this context examines the gender responsiveness in the eleventh plan policies and outlays of the Kothamangalam Municipal Corporation. Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) is actually government planning and budgeting that contributes to the advancement of gender equality. 'It does not in any way mean separate budgets for women, or for men. It is an attempt to break down or disaggregate the government’s mainstream budget according to its impacts on women and men'. The present study in this context examines the gender responsiveness in the eleventh plan policies and outlays of the Kothamangalam Municipal Corporation.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130789215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green certificates are the main instrument for promoting renewable electricity (RES-E) in Sweden. But certificates cover only a limited share of total RES-E production. Under partial coverage, crowding out may arise whereby costly new RES-E replaces inexpensive old RES-E. Granting certificates to all of RES-E production improves efficiency, but leaves windfall rent to otherwise profitable facilities. We also analyze transaction costs in the permit process for new RES-E in Sweden. Municipalities veto socially desirable projects because of asymmetrically distributed investment costs and benefits. We propose market-based permit fees rather than limited veto rights as a solution to this NIMBY problem.
{"title":"A Reexamination of Renewable Electricity Policy in Sweden","authors":"S. Fridolfsson, Thomas P. Tangerås","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2094159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2094159","url":null,"abstract":"Green certificates are the main instrument for promoting renewable electricity (RES-E) in Sweden. But certificates cover only a limited share of total RES-E production. Under partial coverage, crowding out may arise whereby costly new RES-E replaces inexpensive old RES-E. Granting certificates to all of RES-E production improves efficiency, but leaves windfall rent to otherwise profitable facilities. We also analyze transaction costs in the permit process for new RES-E in Sweden. Municipalities veto socially desirable projects because of asymmetrically distributed investment costs and benefits. We propose market-based permit fees rather than limited veto rights as a solution to this NIMBY problem.","PeriodicalId":250628,"journal":{"name":"INTL: Social & Cultural Issues (Topic)","volume":"535 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116708358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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