Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380607
Bilal Guetaf, A. Chaabane, Abderrezak Khalfallaoui, Hussein Attia
In this paper, a circularly polarized printed monopole antenna (CPPMA) is proposed for medical microwave imaging and health monitoring applications. The proposed CPPMA is optimized to operate at the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. A prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and printed on the low-cost FR-4 substrate that has a compact size of 34 × 28 × 1.5 mm3. The simulated results indicate that the designed CPPMA operates between 2.425 GHz and 2.475 GHz while the measured results range between 2.32 GHz and 2.515 GHz. The designed CPPMA also reveals a circular polarization performance at 2.45 GHz (2.4386 GHz - 2.4633 GHz). The suitability of CPPMA for microwave imaging is confirmed by checking its aptitudes to detect the presence of breast tumors and brain strokes. A great detection capability is achieved for breast tumors and brain strokes of various sizes inserted at different positions with a high sensitivity to changes or anomalies in the dielectric properties of human tissues. In addition, the usefulness of the proposed CPPMA for wearable application is justified experimentally. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulated results and the measured ones.
{"title":"Narrow-band Circularly Polarized Antenna for Medical Microwave Imaging and Health Monitoring Applications","authors":"Bilal Guetaf, A. Chaabane, Abderrezak Khalfallaoui, Hussein Attia","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380607","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a circularly polarized printed monopole antenna (CPPMA) is proposed for medical microwave imaging and health monitoring applications. The proposed CPPMA is optimized to operate at the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. A prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and printed on the low-cost FR-4 substrate that has a compact size of 34 × 28 × 1.5 mm3. The simulated results indicate that the designed CPPMA operates between 2.425 GHz and 2.475 GHz while the measured results range between 2.32 GHz and 2.515 GHz. The designed CPPMA also reveals a circular polarization performance at 2.45 GHz (2.4386 GHz - 2.4633 GHz). The suitability of CPPMA for microwave imaging is confirmed by checking its aptitudes to detect the presence of breast tumors and brain strokes. A great detection capability is achieved for breast tumors and brain strokes of various sizes inserted at different positions with a high sensitivity to changes or anomalies in the dielectric properties of human tissues. In addition, the usefulness of the proposed CPPMA for wearable application is justified experimentally. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulated results and the measured ones.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380608
E. Abishek, Ramesh Subramaniam, Parthasarathy Ramanujam, Manikandan Esakkimuthu
A circularly polarized microstrip antenna array with low side lobe levels is proposed for Vehicular Satellite Communication. The suppression of side lobe levels is accomplished by the non-uniform power distribution utilized to feed the individual patch elements. Impedance matching is ensured by the incorporation of a quarter-wave transformer via a microstrip line fed to the edge of the patch. When the proposed amplitude-weighted feed is compared to the conventional corporate feed, simulation results indicate a reduction in side lobe levels of 8.9 dB. The proposed antenna is constructed out of RT/DUROID 5880 material, which is lighter, more flexible, and less expensive than ceramic materials. The radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna are compared when the antenna is planar versus when it is made to conform to the roof of the vehicle. The measured results indicate a reflection coefficient at the resonant frequency of -31.5 dB and -27.7 dB when conformal, an impedance bandwidth of 410 MHz and 180 MHz when conformal, an axial ratio bandwidth of 140 MHz and 170 MHz when conformal, and a peak gain of 15.719 dB and 14.335 dB when conformal. The measured results validate the simulation results that this proposed antenna is appropriate for a variety of Vehicular Satellite Communication applications.
{"title":"Low-profile Circularly Polarized Conformal Antenna Array with Side Lobe Suppression for Vehicular SATCOM Applications","authors":"E. Abishek, Ramesh Subramaniam, Parthasarathy Ramanujam, Manikandan Esakkimuthu","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380608","url":null,"abstract":"A circularly polarized microstrip antenna array with low side lobe levels is proposed for Vehicular Satellite Communication. The suppression of side lobe levels is accomplished by the non-uniform power distribution utilized to feed the individual patch elements. Impedance matching is ensured by the incorporation of a quarter-wave transformer via a microstrip line fed to the edge of the patch. When the proposed amplitude-weighted feed is compared to the conventional corporate feed, simulation results indicate a reduction in side lobe levels of 8.9 dB. The proposed antenna is constructed out of RT/DUROID 5880 material, which is lighter, more flexible, and less expensive than ceramic materials. The radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna are compared when the antenna is planar versus when it is made to conform to the roof of the vehicle. The measured results indicate a reflection coefficient at the resonant frequency of -31.5 dB and -27.7 dB when conformal, an impedance bandwidth of 410 MHz and 180 MHz when conformal, an axial ratio bandwidth of 140 MHz and 170 MHz when conformal, and a peak gain of 15.719 dB and 14.335 dB when conformal. The measured results validate the simulation results that this proposed antenna is appropriate for a variety of Vehicular Satellite Communication applications.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380606
E. Abishek, Elakkiya Azhagar, Manikandan Esakkimuthu, Karthigeyan Arumugam
A perfect metamaterial absorber (MMA) is designed and evaluated numerically for solar energy harvesting applications. A dielectric layer separates the top structured metallic plane and the bottom ground metallic plane that make up the MMA. The MMA structure is primarily presented in the range of 100-1000 THz, which corresponds to 3000-300 nm in wavelength, for the efficient utilization of solar energy. The results obtained in the band 441-998 THz correspond to a visible and ultraviolet wavelength range of 680-300 nm. It has achieved a maximum absorption rate of 99.9% at 700 THz and 99% between 500 and 800 THz, respectively. In the desired frequency bands, the structure has achieved polarization and angle-resolved behavior. The MMA-based absorber has a high absorption rate of over 90% in the broadest visible (400-700 nm) and UV (100-300 nm) spectra. Also shown are the absorption characteristics of the MMA-based solar cell in the infrared (IR) region. The band 345-440 THz, corresponding to 870-690 nm, has 75% absorption. The other IR band (240-345 THz), which corresponds to 1250-880 nm, has achieved absorption of nearly 50%. So it can be utilized for the entire visible solar spectrum, including infrared to ultraviolet. If the proposed MMA structure were equipped with the appropriate electrical circuitry, it could be utilized for solar energyharvesting.
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Ultra-broadband Metamaterial Absorber for Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"E. Abishek, Elakkiya Azhagar, Manikandan Esakkimuthu, Karthigeyan Arumugam","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380606","url":null,"abstract":"A perfect metamaterial absorber (MMA) is designed and evaluated numerically for solar energy harvesting applications. A dielectric layer separates the top structured metallic plane and the bottom ground metallic plane that make up the MMA. The MMA structure is primarily presented in the range of 100-1000 THz, which corresponds to 3000-300 nm in wavelength, for the efficient utilization of solar energy. The results obtained in the band 441-998 THz correspond to a visible and ultraviolet wavelength range of 680-300 nm. It has achieved a maximum absorption rate of 99.9% at 700 THz and 99% between 500 and 800 THz, respectively. In the desired frequency bands, the structure has achieved polarization and angle-resolved behavior. The MMA-based absorber has a high absorption rate of over 90% in the broadest visible (400-700 nm) and UV (100-300 nm) spectra. Also shown are the absorption characteristics of the MMA-based solar cell in the infrared (IR) region. The band 345-440 THz, corresponding to 870-690 nm, has 75% absorption. The other IR band (240-345 THz), which corresponds to 1250-880 nm, has achieved absorption of nearly 50%. So it can be utilized for the entire visible solar spectrum, including infrared to ultraviolet. If the proposed MMA structure were equipped with the appropriate electrical circuitry, it could be utilized for solar energyharvesting.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380603
Akash K. Gupta, Paladuga S. R. Chowdary, Mandhapati V. Krishna
This work presents a planar antenna with a rectangular shape designed over a Moore curve fractal-shaped High Impedance Surface (HIS). The Moore fractal geometries are space-filling curves and are useful for multiband applications. The Moore curve-shaped fractal HIS is simulated up to three iterations, and performance is examined. The proposed antenna has multiband operation within the S-band, C-band, and lower X-band frequency of operation. The antenna has a peak gain of 5.08 dB, 4.69 dB, and 5.07 dB with a Moore curve fractal HIS, with iterations 1, 2, and 3 used as the ground plane. The antenna has been analyzed regarding the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, 3-D polar plots, and surface current distribution. With Moore curve iteration 1, a shaped HIS provides a maximum bandwidth of 740 MHz with the center frequency of 10.95 GHz, 1.24 GHz with the center frequency of 10.57 GHz, and 1.09 GHz with the center frequency of 12.5 GHz with the second and third iterations, respectively.
这项研究提出了一种在摩尔曲线分形高阻抗表面（HIS）上设计的矩形平面天线。摩尔分形几何图形是空间填充曲线，适用于多频带应用。对摩尔曲线分形高阻抗表面进行了三次迭代模拟，并对其性能进行了检验。拟议的天线可在 S 波段、C 波段和较低的 X 波段频率范围内进行多波段操作。天线的峰值增益为 5.08 dB、4.69 dB 和 5.07 dB，采用摩尔曲线分形 HIS，迭代 1、2 和 3 用作地平面。对天线的反射系数、辐射模式、三维极坐标图和表面电流分布进行了分析。在摩尔曲线迭代 1 中，异形 HIS 的最大带宽为 740 MHz（中心频率为 10.95 GHz），在迭代 2 和迭代 3 中，最大带宽分别为 1.24 GHz（中心频率为 10.57 GHz）和 1.09 GHz（中心频率为 12.5 GHz）。
{"title":"Planar Antenna Design on the Characteristics of Moore Fractal-based High Impedance Surface","authors":"Akash K. Gupta, Paladuga S. R. Chowdary, Mandhapati V. Krishna","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380603","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a planar antenna with a rectangular shape designed over a Moore curve fractal-shaped High Impedance Surface (HIS). The Moore fractal geometries are space-filling curves and are useful for multiband applications. The Moore curve-shaped fractal HIS is simulated up to three iterations, and performance is examined. The proposed antenna has multiband operation within the S-band, C-band, and lower X-band frequency of operation. The antenna has a peak gain of 5.08 dB, 4.69 dB, and 5.07 dB with a Moore curve fractal HIS, with iterations 1, 2, and 3 used as the ground plane. The antenna has been analyzed regarding the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, 3-D polar plots, and surface current distribution. With Moore curve iteration 1, a shaped HIS provides a maximum bandwidth of 740 MHz with the center frequency of 10.95 GHz, 1.24 GHz with the center frequency of 10.57 GHz, and 1.09 GHz with the center frequency of 12.5 GHz with the second and third iterations, respectively.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380407
T. Abouelnaga, M. R. Abdel‐Haleem
This paper introduces a localized masked thermal therapy method for only the breast through the Fresnel region. A pyramidal horn antenna has been used as a hyperthermia system applicator. The antenna is fed by a Yagi array and resonates at 4.74 GHz. A metal plate with a square slot masked the breast phantom. The antenna irradiates the breast phantom for 5 and 10 minutes with input power of 10 and 20 watts (W). Thermal and specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions are studied under the same conditions for a fair comparison between masked and unmasked system performance. The square slot dimensions are altered, and their effects are studied considering the phantom heated area. Moving from unmasked to masked hyperthermia scenarios, a heated area size reduction of 99.87 % is achieved along with a very considerable SAR value reduction. The masked scenario elevates the breast temperature to 43 C∘ in a very concentrated area. The proposed system can elevate only an area of 2×2mm2 of the breast tissue to a temperature of 40 C∘ in 5 minutes, and that is a very promising result in hyperthermia therapy applications.
{"title":"An Ultra-small Heated Area Masked Microwave Hyperthermia Therapy Scheme in Fresnel Region","authors":"T. Abouelnaga, M. R. Abdel‐Haleem","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a localized masked thermal therapy method for only the breast through the Fresnel region. A pyramidal horn antenna has been used as a hyperthermia system applicator. The antenna is fed by a Yagi array and resonates at 4.74 GHz. A metal plate with a square slot masked the breast phantom. The antenna irradiates the breast phantom for 5 and 10 minutes with input power of 10 and 20 watts (W). Thermal and specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions are studied under the same conditions for a fair comparison between masked and unmasked system performance. The square slot dimensions are altered, and their effects are studied considering the phantom heated area. Moving from unmasked to masked hyperthermia scenarios, a heated area size reduction of 99.87 % is achieved along with a very considerable SAR value reduction. The masked scenario elevates the breast temperature to 43 C∘ in a very concentrated area. The proposed system can elevate only an area of 2×2mm2 of the breast tissue to a temperature of 40 C∘ in 5 minutes, and that is a very promising result in hyperthermia therapy applications.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116727183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper distributed parameter equivalent circuits are developed for linear dipoles, dielectric coated dipoles and lumped loaded dipoles. Theoretical solutions for each distributed parameter and the reasonable non-uniform segmentation of antennas serve as the foundation for the derivation. The accomplished validations of the modeling procedures indicate that the given equivalent circuits are capable of correctly describing dipole antennas in frequency and time domains, with the advantages of wideband, frequency independence and unambiguous physical meaning. Relying on the presented equivalent circuits, broadband issues such as simulating input impedance, predicting equivalent lengths and computing transient responses of dipole antennas can be readily addressed. In addition, the circuit model provides helpful insights into the analysis and design for the loaded dipole antennas.
{"title":"Equivalent Circuits of Dipole Antennas for Broadband Applications","authors":"Binwen Wang, Hui Ning, Youjie Yan, Chengyun Cao, Meiqi Zhu","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380403","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper distributed parameter equivalent circuits are developed for linear dipoles, dielectric coated dipoles and lumped loaded dipoles. Theoretical solutions for each distributed parameter and the reasonable non-uniform segmentation of antennas serve as the foundation for the derivation. The accomplished validations of the modeling procedures indicate that the given equivalent circuits are capable of correctly describing dipole antennas in frequency and time domains, with the advantages of wideband, frequency independence and unambiguous physical meaning. Relying on the presented equivalent circuits, broadband issues such as simulating input impedance, predicting equivalent lengths and computing transient responses of dipole antennas can be readily addressed. In addition, the circuit model provides helpful insights into the analysis and design for the loaded dipole antennas.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121076476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380402
Jia-Xiang Chen, Hai-Tao Xing, Jianmeng Huang, Meng-Nan Wang, Z. Ma
A three-dimensional compact propeller-shaped circularly polarized ceiling-mounted antenna loaded by inverted L-shaped slot is proposed in this paper. This three-dimensional structure has a small size, single feed and half-plane radiation mode. The antenna is composed of four alternately welded radiating elements and a disc reflector. Each radiating element is formed by etching a rectangular microstrip radiating patch and a trapezoidal microstrip radiating patch on the surface of the substrate. The four radiating elements are welded vertically on the disc reflector. The back of the disc reflector has the ground plane. The antenna is fed coaxially through the via in the center of the disc reflector. The result demonstrates that the 10-dB impedance fractional bandwidth achieves 66.3% (4.4-8.94 GHz). The 3-dB axial ratio fractional bandwidth is 2.2% (6.44-6.58 GHz). The radiation characteristic is close to half-space radiation on the xoz plane and the yoz plane. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.22 dBi. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. With its compact structure, effective coverage, miniaturization, etc., the antenna is very suitable for applications such as biomedical monitoring equipment and short-rangeradio communications.
{"title":"A Three-dimensional Compact Propeller-shaped Circularly Polarized Ceiling Antenna","authors":"Jia-Xiang Chen, Hai-Tao Xing, Jianmeng Huang, Meng-Nan Wang, Z. Ma","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380402","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional compact propeller-shaped circularly polarized ceiling-mounted antenna loaded by inverted L-shaped slot is proposed in this paper. This three-dimensional structure has a small size, single feed and half-plane radiation mode. The antenna is composed of four alternately welded radiating elements and a disc reflector. Each radiating element is formed by etching a rectangular microstrip radiating patch and a trapezoidal microstrip radiating patch on the surface of the substrate. The four radiating elements are welded vertically on the disc reflector. The back of the disc reflector has the ground plane. The antenna is fed coaxially through the via in the center of the disc reflector. The result demonstrates that the 10-dB impedance fractional bandwidth achieves 66.3% (4.4-8.94 GHz). The 3-dB axial ratio fractional bandwidth is 2.2% (6.44-6.58 GHz). The radiation characteristic is close to half-space radiation on the xoz plane and the yoz plane. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.22 dBi. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. With its compact structure, effective coverage, miniaturization, etc., the antenna is very suitable for applications such as biomedical monitoring equipment and short-rangeradio communications.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134345414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows that the received power and E-field in a reverberation chamber (RC) can be shaped by tuning the statistical properties of input signals. For a given probability density function (PDF) of an RC response, the Fourier transform method can be applied to find the PDF of the input signal. Numerical and measurement verifications are given to validate the theory. Limitations are also analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"Shaping the Probability Density Function of the Output Response in a Reverberation Chamber","authors":"Qian Xu, Feng Tian, Yongjiu Zhao, Rui Jia, Erwei Cheng, Lei Xing","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that the received power and E-field in a reverberation chamber (RC) can be shaped by tuning the statistical properties of input signals. For a given probability density function (PDF) of an RC response, the Fourier transform method can be applied to find the PDF of the input signal. Numerical and measurement verifications are given to validate the theory. Limitations are also analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133128892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a phase gradient metasurface (PGM) is proposed to reduce the radar cross-section (RCS) of the dihedral corner based on phase cancellation mechanism. The phase cancellation mechanism is used to derive the formula of the low-detectable dihedral corner for the first time, which is directly used to deal with the wave path difference problem that introduced by the dihedral corner. According to the formula, six sub-cells are designed with a 60∘ phase difference, which is arranged by sub-array along the y-axis. The reflection coefficients of the selected sub-cells are all above 0.8. The RCS reduction of the dihedral corner achieves over 10 dB from 4.9 GHz to 5.14 GHz under an incident angle of 45∘. In particular, the RCS reduction of the low-detectable dihedral corner is 13.97 dB at 5 GHz. Meanwhile, the proposed dihedral corner with PGM also has an excellent performance of angle insensitivity ranging from 0∘ to 75∘. To further verify our design, the dihedral corner with PGM is manufactured by a low-cost printing circuit board technique. The measured results agreed well with the simulations, and both of them show an excellent performance of RCS reduction in the operating frequency band, regardless of any angle within 75∘. Overall, the dihedral corner with PGM that we proposed has the advantages of being low-detectable, low-profile, low-cost, lightweight, and it is easy to design and manufacture. It has wide application prospects in the future.
{"title":"A Novel Method for the Low-detectable Dihedral Corner Utilizing Phase Gradient Metasurface based on Phase Cancellation Mechanism","authors":"qingting he, Jianliang Xie, Qi Liu, Xin Yao, Zhi Wang, Haiyan Chen, Fengxia Li, Longjiang Deng","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380406","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a phase gradient metasurface (PGM) is proposed to reduce the radar cross-section (RCS) of the dihedral corner based on phase cancellation mechanism. The phase cancellation mechanism is used to derive the formula of the low-detectable dihedral corner for the first time, which is directly used to deal with the wave path difference problem that introduced by the dihedral corner. According to the formula, six sub-cells are designed with a 60∘ phase difference, which is arranged by sub-array along the y-axis. The reflection coefficients of the selected sub-cells are all above 0.8. The RCS reduction of the dihedral corner achieves over 10 dB from 4.9 GHz to 5.14 GHz under an incident angle of 45∘. In particular, the RCS reduction of the low-detectable dihedral corner is 13.97 dB at 5 GHz. Meanwhile, the proposed dihedral corner with PGM also has an excellent performance of angle insensitivity ranging from 0∘ to 75∘. To further verify our design, the dihedral corner with PGM is manufactured by a low-cost printing circuit board technique. The measured results agreed well with the simulations, and both of them show an excellent performance of RCS reduction in the operating frequency band, regardless of any angle within 75∘. Overall, the dihedral corner with PGM that we proposed has the advantages of being low-detectable, low-profile, low-cost, lightweight, and it is easy to design and manufacture. It has wide application prospects in the future.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116679078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380408
Guozhen Zhang, R. Nie, J. Si, Xiaohui Feng, C. Wang
A linear-rotary flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) generator (LRFSPMG) is a potential candidate for a wind-wave combined energy conversion (WWCEC) system. The linear unit of the LRFSPMG is a tubular FSPM linear generator (TFSPMLG), which like other permanent magnet linear generators, has an inherent detent force problem. To alleviate this problem, a sectional modular technology scheme is investigated to reduce the detent force of the TFSPMLG. Firstly, the structure is briefly introduced and the detent force analyzed. Secondly, the sectional modular TFSPMLGs are presented and their feasibility verified with respect to the stator of the TFSPMLG being split into two and three sections, forming Modulars I and II, respectively. After that, the detent force suppression principle, and the effects that the sectional modular structures exert on the detent force are analyzed. According to the analysis results, two methods are presented to suppress the detent force: one is to suppress the magnetic coupling effect; the other is to reduce the remaining harmonics. Finally, the three TFSPMLGs, including the initial TFSPMLG, Modular I, and Modular II, are comparatively analyzed by finite-element analysis (FEA). The results show that both the detent forces are greatly reduced without sacrificing the back electromotive force (EMF) and average electromagnetic force, thereby proving the effectiveness of the TFSPMLG with a sectional modular structure.
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