It is important to evaluate the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as it relates to the quantity of callus formed in mandibular fracture healing. The objective of the present study was to assess Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BsALP) as an indicator of callus formation in patients with mandibular fracture and determine the relationship between BsALP and callus formation using two treatment methods. Fifty-five patients with isolated mandibular fractures were enrolled. BsALP was measured at presentation, 3rd and 6th week. The patients were recruited into two treatment groups: Closed Reduction with Mandibulomaxillary Fixation (MMF) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF). The Callus Index was measured at 3rd and 6th week after treatment using digital postero-anterior view of the jaws on DICOM viewer software. The mean value of BsALP was 26.2±9.5 ng/mL. BsALP concentration in patients with double site fractures was higher than those with a single fracture, p=0.102. Peak serum BsALP observed in the 3rd week post-intervention was (28.1±8.2 ng/mL). Statistically significant differences were observed between the BsALP concentration in the 3rd and 6th week, and between BsALP concentration at presentation and 6th week, p<0.001, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the Callus Index and mean serum BsALP at 6 weeks (r=-0.08, p=0.580). MMF treatment group had higher levels of serum BsALP compared with ORIF group in the 3rd week (p=0.14) and in the 6th week (p=0.18). BsALP is an indicator of the amount of callus formed in patients treated for mandibular fractures. Hence, it could be used as an adjunct to monitor the healing of mandibular fractures.
{"title":"Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase as an indicator of the quantity of callus formation in mandibular fracture patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"Akinniyi Taofeek, Fatusi Olawunmi, Adedeji Tewogbade, Ayoola Oluwagbemiga, Akinyemi Patrick, Fajobi Olusola","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.307","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to evaluate the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as it relates to the quantity of callus formed in mandibular fracture healing. The objective of the present study was to assess Serum Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BsALP) as an indicator of callus formation in patients with mandibular fracture and determine the relationship between BsALP and callus formation using two treatment methods. Fifty-five patients with isolated mandibular fractures were enrolled. BsALP was measured at presentation, 3rd and 6th week. The patients were recruited into two treatment groups: Closed Reduction with Mandibulomaxillary Fixation (MMF) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF). The Callus Index was measured at 3rd and 6th week after treatment using digital postero-anterior view of the jaws on DICOM viewer software. The mean value of BsALP was 26.2±9.5 ng/mL. BsALP concentration in patients with double site fractures was higher than those with a single fracture, p=0.102. Peak serum BsALP observed in the 3rd week post-intervention was (28.1±8.2 ng/mL). Statistically significant differences were observed between the BsALP concentration in the 3rd and 6th week, and between BsALP concentration at presentation and 6th week, p<0.001, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the Callus Index and mean serum BsALP at 6 weeks (r=-0.08, p=0.580). MMF treatment group had higher levels of serum BsALP compared with ORIF group in the 3rd week (p=0.14) and in the 6th week (p=0.18). BsALP is an indicator of the amount of callus formed in patients treated for mandibular fractures. Hence, it could be used as an adjunct to monitor the healing of mandibular fractures.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Edet, M. Odo, Olubukola Kolawole, E. Essien, C. Okafor, G. E. Atu.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection substantially impacts psychological and emotional wellbeing via various mechanisms. The role of coping strategies and social support in the mental health of People Living with HIV (PLWH) is under-investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their relationship with coping and social support among PLWH. This cross-sectional study involved 251 patients selected using systematic sampling from the HIV Clinic of the General Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure anxiety and depression. Participants were also administered the 32-item Coping Strategies Inventory and the Oslo Social Support Scale to measure coping strategies and social support, respectively. The respondents were mostly female (72.5%) and had a mean age of 35.3 [SD=10.9]. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 27.1% and 19.5%, respectively. Both anxiety and depression had significant negative associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant positive associations with emotion-focused disengagement (p<0.01). Social support was poor and had a significant negative association with anxiety, significant positive associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant negative associations with emotion- focused disengagement (p<0.01). Our study highlights the importance of coping strategies and social support among PLWH. Based on findings, adaptive coping and social support protect PLWH from deterioration in their mental health. In addition, PLWH with good social support might cope better with the diagnosis.
{"title":"Psychological distress, coping strategies and social support among HIV positive patients in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"B. Edet, M. Odo, Olubukola Kolawole, E. Essien, C. Okafor, G. E. Atu.","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.231","url":null,"abstract":"The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection substantially impacts psychological and emotional wellbeing via various mechanisms. The role of coping strategies and social support in the mental health of People Living with HIV (PLWH) is under-investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their relationship with coping and social support among PLWH. This cross-sectional study involved 251 patients selected using systematic sampling from the HIV Clinic of the General Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure anxiety and depression. Participants were also administered the 32-item Coping Strategies Inventory and the Oslo Social Support Scale to measure coping strategies and social support, respectively. The respondents were mostly female (72.5%) and had a mean age of 35.3 [SD=10.9]. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 27.1% and 19.5%, respectively. Both anxiety and depression had significant negative associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant positive associations with emotion-focused disengagement (p<0.01). Social support was poor and had a significant negative association with anxiety, significant positive associations with problem-focused engagement, emotion-focused engagement and problem-focused disengagement, and significant negative associations with emotion- focused disengagement (p<0.01). Our study highlights the importance of coping strategies and social support among PLWH. Based on findings, adaptive coping and social support protect PLWH from deterioration in their mental health. In addition, PLWH with good social support might cope better with the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adolescents and young adulthood are periods of development and change involving experimentation and adaptation of new roles and behaviors. The Adolescents Kits ADOKITS Program by Enugu State Agency for the Control of AIDS (ENSACA) kin partnership with United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) is a training of adolescents on several innovations, skills and competencies that help them to cope with stressful circumstances, build healthy relationships, and engage positively with their communities. To assess factors (sexual abuse, gender and peer influence) that affect adolescents’ risky sexual behavior. The study population was adolescents from communities and Local Government Areas hosting the ENSACA/UNICEF ADOKITS Program. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty-eight (55.4%) of respondents did not practice risky sexual behavior while 28 (11.2%) of respondents practiced high-risk sexual behaviors. A statistically significant relationship exists between sexual abuse, gender; peer pressure and risky sexual behavior p=0.007. Sexual abuse, gender and peer pressure all strongly contribute to sexual risk behavior. There is a need to emphasize continued enlightenment, health education and awareness creation on sexual/ reproductive health among adolescents such as the UNICEF/ENSACA ADOKITS program pursues.
{"title":"Factors affecting risky sexual behavior of participating adolescents of the ENSACA/UNICEF ADOKITS Stepdown/Rollout Program","authors":"C. Idoko, Ikechukwu Orakwue","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.300","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents and young adulthood are periods of development and change involving experimentation and adaptation of new roles and behaviors. The Adolescents Kits ADOKITS Program by Enugu State Agency for the Control of AIDS (ENSACA) kin partnership with United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) is a training of adolescents on several innovations, skills and competencies that help them to cope with stressful circumstances, build healthy relationships, and engage positively with their communities. To assess factors (sexual abuse, gender and peer influence) that affect adolescents’ risky sexual behavior. The study population was adolescents from communities and Local Government Areas hosting the ENSACA/UNICEF ADOKITS Program. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty-eight (55.4%) of respondents did not practice risky sexual behavior while 28 (11.2%) of respondents practiced high-risk sexual behaviors. A statistically significant relationship exists between sexual abuse, gender; peer pressure and risky sexual behavior p=0.007. Sexual abuse, gender and peer pressure all strongly contribute to sexual risk behavior. There is a need to emphasize continued enlightenment, health education and awareness creation on sexual/ reproductive health among adolescents such as the UNICEF/ENSACA ADOKITS program pursues.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131448989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional and cultural practices related to newborn care have been passed down through generations in various cultures worldwide, often with the belief that they are effective in improving the health and well-being of newborns. These practices can differ significantly between cultures. The aim of this study was to assess the traditional and cultural newborn care practices in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, and to identify potential opportunities for the integration of these practices into modern healthcare approaches. An ethnographic study was conducted in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, which involved observing 54 deliveries and traditional rituals surrounding newborn care through participant observation. A total of 30 participants, including traditional birth attendants, community health workers, traditional leaders, and mothers who had given birth within the past year, were included in the study, and participated in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The main themes that emerged from the data included the provision of warmth, nutrition, cord care, and traditional medication. In these communities, there is a strong emphasis on keeping newborns warm and providing proper nutrition, including breastfeeding and the use of traditional remedies. Cord care is also considered important, with the umbilical cord typically cut with a new razor blade and the stump treated with hot compresses and oil massages. Traditional and cultural beliefs also influence the use of traditional medication, including the use of traditional remedies to address common pregnancy-related health issues and the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy. The study also identified the important role of fathers and other male family members in childbirth preparation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the traditional and cultural practices of newborn care in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria and identify potential opportunities for integrating these practices into modern healthcare approaches in a way that is safe and effective for the mother and child. These findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policy makers working in maternal and child health, as well as to members of the Dakace and Tsibiri communities.
{"title":"Traditional and cultural newborn care practices in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria: an ethnographic study","authors":"S. Musa","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.304","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional and cultural practices related to newborn care have been passed down through generations in various cultures worldwide, often with the belief that they are effective in improving the health and well-being of newborns. These practices can differ significantly between cultures. The aim of this study was to assess the traditional and cultural newborn care practices in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, and to identify potential opportunities for the integration of these practices into modern healthcare approaches. An ethnographic study was conducted in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, which involved observing 54 deliveries and traditional rituals surrounding newborn care through participant observation. A total of 30 participants, including traditional birth attendants, community health workers, traditional leaders, and mothers who had given birth within the past year, were included in the study, and participated in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The main themes that emerged from the data included the provision of warmth, nutrition, cord care, and traditional medication. In these communities, there is a strong emphasis on keeping newborns warm and providing proper nutrition, including breastfeeding and the use of traditional remedies. Cord care is also considered important, with the umbilical cord typically cut with a new razor blade and the stump treated with hot compresses and oil massages. Traditional and cultural beliefs also influence the use of traditional medication, including the use of traditional remedies to address common pregnancy-related health issues and the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy. The study also identified the important role of fathers and other male family members in childbirth preparation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the traditional and cultural practices of newborn care in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria and identify potential opportunities for integrating these practices into modern healthcare approaches in a way that is safe and effective for the mother and child. These findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policy makers working in maternal and child health, as well as to members of the Dakace and Tsibiri communities.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126482091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidemic of obesity is gradually becoming a global health concern across all age groups. In pregnant mothers, overweight or obesity have been known to be associated with significant antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between high maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a longitudinal observational study done at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between May 2019 and February 2020. Antenatal women with gestational age <12 weeks with singleton pregnancies were recruited for the study. They were followed up throughout pregnancy and postpartum to assess for complication during pregnancy, labour, and puerperium. A total of 568 pregnant women were involved in the study. Five hundred and fifty six (556) had complete data and were included in the data analysis. Of these, 169 (30.4%) had BMI of 30 and above while 387 (69.6%) had BMI<30. Women with BMI of 30 and above had significant (p<0.05) risk for development of complications in pregnancy. There is an obvious association between increased maternal BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Public health implications of obesity are enormous for both the mother and baby during pregnancy and delivery. Preconception counselling and health education programs may be beneficial in order to maintain normal BMI in women of reproductive age.
{"title":"Impact of first-trimester body mass index on pregnancy outcomes: observational study","authors":"A. Oluwole, A. Ugwu","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.273","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemic of obesity is gradually becoming a global health concern across all age groups. In pregnant mothers, overweight or obesity have been known to be associated with significant antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between high maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a longitudinal observational study done at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between May 2019 and February 2020. Antenatal women with gestational age <12 weeks with singleton pregnancies were recruited for the study. They were followed up throughout pregnancy and postpartum to assess for complication during pregnancy, labour, and puerperium. A total of 568 pregnant women were involved in the study. Five hundred and fifty six (556) had complete data and were included in the data analysis. Of these, 169 (30.4%) had BMI of 30 and above while 387 (69.6%) had BMI<30. Women with BMI of 30 and above had significant (p<0.05) risk for development of complications in pregnancy. There is an obvious association between increased maternal BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Public health implications of obesity are enormous for both the mother and baby during pregnancy and delivery. Preconception counselling and health education programs may be beneficial in order to maintain normal BMI in women of reproductive age.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131014073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor training of clinicians on the Rational Use of Medicines (RUMs) and the impact of pharmaceutical promotional activities fuel irrational prescribing behavior, which is a major contributor to cost-related medication non-adherence. The aim of this study was to determine how training on the RUMs and related concepts and the influence of pharmaceutical promotional activities impact on clinicians prescribing behavior, a major cause of cost-related medication non-adherence. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted among medical practitioners in South-eastern Nigeria using a self-administered questionnaire. The questions were designed to determine the clinicians’ knowledge and practice of the basic concepts of the RUMs, as well as how much pharmaceutical promotional activities (information and incentives) impact on their prescribing behaviors. There were 100 clinicians, 71 (71%) males and 29 (29%) females, with mean years of practice of 8.2±5.8 years. About 66% of the respondents claimed they were trained on the concept of the RUMs, however, only 20% were aware of the Personal Drugs (Pdrugs) concept, and 17% had their own list of P-drugs, which is basic to rational prescribing. Fifty-six percent (56%) agreed that pharmaceutical promotional activities influenced their prescribing habits, while 32% were indifferent. The poor knowledge of the basic concepts of the RUMs as seen in this study makes clinicians vulnerable to irrational prescribing and the negative impact of pharmaceutical promotional activities. In developing nations, where medicines are mostly paid out of pocket by the patient, such prescribing habits fuel cost-related medication non-adherence.
{"title":"Clinicians’ contribution to cost-related medication non-adherence: Impact of irrational prescribing and influence of pharmaceutical promotional activities on prescribing behavior of clinicians","authors":"P. Nwani","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.241","url":null,"abstract":"Poor training of clinicians on the Rational Use of Medicines (RUMs) and the impact of pharmaceutical promotional activities fuel irrational prescribing behavior, which is a major contributor to cost-related medication non-adherence. The aim of this study was to determine how training on the RUMs and related concepts and the influence of pharmaceutical promotional activities impact on clinicians prescribing behavior, a major cause of cost-related medication non-adherence. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted among medical practitioners in South-eastern Nigeria using a self-administered questionnaire. The questions were designed to determine the clinicians’ knowledge and practice of the basic concepts of the RUMs, as well as how much pharmaceutical promotional activities (information and incentives) impact on their prescribing behaviors. There were 100 clinicians, 71 (71%) males and 29 (29%) females, with mean years of practice of 8.2±5.8 years. About 66% of the respondents claimed they were trained on the concept of the RUMs, however, only 20% were aware of the Personal Drugs (Pdrugs) concept, and 17% had their own list of P-drugs, which is basic to rational prescribing. Fifty-six percent (56%) agreed that pharmaceutical promotional activities influenced their prescribing habits, while 32% were indifferent. The poor knowledge of the basic concepts of the RUMs as seen in this study makes clinicians vulnerable to irrational prescribing and the negative impact of pharmaceutical promotional activities. In developing nations, where medicines are mostly paid out of pocket by the patient, such prescribing habits fuel cost-related medication non-adherence.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132391822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstracts read at the 2022 Annual General Meeting of the Enugu State Nigeria Medical Association Scientific Session.
在埃努古州尼日利亚医学协会科学会议的2022年年度大会上宣读的摘要。
{"title":"Abstracts of the Annual General Meeting of the Enugu State Nigeria Medical Association, 2022","authors":"The Editor","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstracts read at the 2022 Annual General Meeting of the Enugu State Nigeria Medical Association Scientific Session.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ezeudu, Chidiebere D. I. Osuorah, O. Iloh, K. Iloh, V. Onukwuli, O. Igbokwe, Linda Nwokeji–Onwe, I. E. Nwaneli, K. Udeogu
Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains a cause of neurologic damage in children in low-income countries. Phototherapy, which is the standard of care for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is not only necessary but an essential neonatal service that should be readily available in all health facilities with maternal and newborn services. The study describes the availability and distribution of phototherapy service in secondary health facilities in Southeast Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in four of the largest cities in Southeast Nigeria using purposive and convenient sampling methods. A questionnaire was administered and information regarding the availability of phototherapy machines, its use and availability of personnel was obtained. A total of 77 facilities were surveyed. Fifty-five (71.4%) of the studied facilities manage jaundice in their facility. Of these, 45/55 (81.8%) use phototherapy in the management of jaundice in newborns. The most used phototherapy is Light-Emitting Diode (LED) (42.2%). Others were fluorescent (26.6%), fabricated LED (11.1%) and fabricated fluorescent (20%). Routine serum bilirubin assay was done in 60 (77.9%) facilities even though majority was done in laboratories outside the facility. Non-invasive serum bilirubin monitoring was available in only two facilities. Only 21 (47.7%) had a servicing protocol for their phototherapy machines, and just 12 (27.7%) of these services were offered by a biomedical engineer. Phototherapy use in secondary health facilities is suboptimal. There is urgent need for states health authorities to collaborate with private health facilities especially those offering maternal and child services in provision of phototherapy machines and help in the training health workers for optimal management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
{"title":"Phototherapy services for newborns with jaundice: Availability and practices in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"C. Ezeudu, Chidiebere D. I. Osuorah, O. Iloh, K. Iloh, V. Onukwuli, O. Igbokwe, Linda Nwokeji–Onwe, I. E. Nwaneli, K. Udeogu","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.240","url":null,"abstract":"Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains a cause of neurologic damage in children in low-income countries. Phototherapy, which is the standard of care for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is not only necessary but an essential neonatal service that should be readily available in all health facilities with maternal and newborn services. The study describes the availability and distribution of phototherapy service in secondary health facilities in Southeast Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in four of the largest cities in Southeast Nigeria using purposive and convenient sampling methods. A questionnaire was administered and information regarding the availability of phototherapy machines, its use and availability of personnel was obtained. A total of 77 facilities were surveyed. Fifty-five (71.4%) of the studied facilities manage jaundice in their facility. Of these, 45/55 (81.8%) use phototherapy in the management of jaundice in newborns. The most used phototherapy is Light-Emitting Diode (LED) (42.2%). Others were fluorescent (26.6%), fabricated LED (11.1%) and fabricated fluorescent (20%). Routine serum bilirubin assay was done in 60 (77.9%) facilities even though majority was done in laboratories outside the facility. Non-invasive serum bilirubin monitoring was available in only two facilities. Only 21 (47.7%) had a servicing protocol for their phototherapy machines, and just 12 (27.7%) of these services were offered by a biomedical engineer. Phototherapy use in secondary health facilities is suboptimal. There is urgent need for states health authorities to collaborate with private health facilities especially those offering maternal and child services in provision of phototherapy machines and help in the training health workers for optimal management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131674024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infectious Disease (ID) knowledge and prevention practices are key elements that ensure the students' health and well-being while in school. The students' health faces many challenges, even more so in the developing world, especially in school premises where pupils live in close proximity. Teachers are the role model of the pupils while in school, therefore, they may play a central role in ensuring the pupils’ health. This research assessed the knowledge and practices of teachers and the effect of Health Education (HE) intervention on ID prevention in schools. A nonrandomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted, using the consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Fifty-five participants were enrolled at the start, but only 50 participants completed the study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The majority demonstrated poor knowledge before the intervention and, after the intervention, there was a knowledge gain from 14.5% to 98%. The practices of ID prevention in schools were poor due to other influences, such as the availability of facilities to put knowledge into practice. The primary school teachers had poor knowledge and practices on ID prevention in schools. The HE intervention yielded a statistically significant knowledge gain. Knowledge alone, however, is not enough for adequate practices, as most schools lack the facilities to foster ID prevention practices. The study suggested that the training of teachers on HE should be upheld. However, ID prevention practices can only be sustained by a commitment from the school management, and from the government through the provision of infrastructure.
传染病知识和预防措施是确保学生在校期间健康和幸福的关键因素。学生的健康面临许多挑战，在发展中国家更是如此，特别是在学生住得很近的学校。在学校里，教师是学生的榜样，因此，他们可以在确保学生的健康方面发挥核心作用。本研究评估了学校教师的知识和实践，以及健康教育干预对学校ID预防的效果。采用连续抽样方法进行非随机准实验研究。数据收集采用结构化的自我管理问卷。一开始有55名参与者参加，但只有50名参与者完成了研究。数据分析采用IBM SPSS version 23。大多数人在干预前表现出知识贫乏，干预后，知识增长从14.5%增加到98%。由于其他因素的影响，例如将知识付诸实践的设施的可用性，学校预防ID的做法很差。小学教师对学校预防身份证的知识和做法较差。HE干预产生了统计学上显著的知识增益。然而，仅仅有知识是不足以进行适当的实践的，因为大多数学校缺乏促进预防身份证实践的设施。研究建议应坚持对教师进行高等教育培训。然而，只有学校管理层做出承诺，政府通过提供基础设施，才能维持预防身份证的做法。
{"title":"Effect of health education on knowledge and practices of infectious disease prevention among primary school teachers in Kware, Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Taibat A. Raji, Y. Edzu, K. Awosan, Yusuf Tahir","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.236","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious Disease (ID) knowledge and prevention practices are key elements that ensure the students' health and well-being while in school. The students' health faces many challenges, even more so in the developing world, especially in school premises where pupils live in close proximity. Teachers are the role model of the pupils while in school, therefore, they may play a central role in ensuring the pupils’ health. This research assessed the knowledge and practices of teachers and the effect of Health Education (HE) intervention on ID prevention in schools. A nonrandomized, quasi-experimental study was conducted, using the consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Fifty-five participants were enrolled at the start, but only 50 participants completed the study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The majority demonstrated poor knowledge before the intervention and, after the intervention, there was a knowledge gain from 14.5% to 98%. The practices of ID prevention in schools were poor due to other influences, such as the availability of facilities to put knowledge into practice. The primary school teachers had poor knowledge and practices on ID prevention in schools. The HE intervention yielded a statistically significant knowledge gain. Knowledge alone, however, is not enough for adequate practices, as most schools lack the facilities to foster ID prevention practices. The study suggested that the training of teachers on HE should be upheld. However, ID prevention practices can only be sustained by a commitment from the school management, and from the government through the provision of infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114898128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the emergence of corona virus disease in 2019, handwashing has gotten more attention (COVID-19). It is the most efficient preventative measure against infectious infections. Especially in primary schools, when youngsters spend time close together and may be less concerned with personal hygiene. Through health education regarding hygiene, teachers play a crucial role in ensuring the students’ health at school. Therefore, the focus of this interventional research is the hand washing practices of elementary school instructors. This study investigated the impact of health education and hands-on demonstrations on the handwashing practices of primary school teachers in Kware town, LGA, Sokoto State. The design of the study was non-randomized and quasi-experimental. Using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire, data were obtained. Fifty-five people were enlisted in the study and participated in the pre-experimental phase, whereas 50 participants participated in the post-experimental phase. The data was analyzed using version 23 of SPSS. Initial instructor expertise was quite limited, particularly at the school entry and during after-school activities. The intervention produced a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from 40.0% to 96.0% and 54.5% to 94.0%, respectively. For other timings, the increase in handwashing habit was minimal. Teachers of elementary schools lacked awareness about handwashing in important areas of daily school life. The health education intervention and practical demonstration resulted in a high level of knowledge and practice. It is essential for the success of infectious disease prevention in schools that teachers participate in training sessions for health education programs.
{"title":"Experimental study on effect of interventions on practices of hand washing among primary school teachers in Kware, Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Taibat A. Raji, K. Awosan, Y. Edzu, Yusuf Tahir","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.228","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of corona virus disease in 2019, handwashing has gotten more attention (COVID-19). It is the most efficient preventative measure against infectious infections. Especially in primary schools, when youngsters spend time close together and may be less concerned with personal hygiene. Through health education regarding hygiene, teachers play a crucial role in ensuring the students’ health at school. Therefore, the focus of this interventional research is the hand washing practices of elementary school instructors. This study investigated the impact of health education and hands-on demonstrations on the handwashing practices of primary school teachers in Kware town, LGA, Sokoto State. The design of the study was non-randomized and quasi-experimental. Using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire, data were obtained. Fifty-five people were enlisted in the study and participated in the pre-experimental phase, whereas 50 participants participated in the post-experimental phase. The data was analyzed using version 23 of SPSS. Initial instructor expertise was quite limited, particularly at the school entry and during after-school activities. The intervention produced a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from 40.0% to 96.0% and 54.5% to 94.0%, respectively. For other timings, the increase in handwashing habit was minimal. Teachers of elementary schools lacked awareness about handwashing in important areas of daily school life. The health education intervention and practical demonstration resulted in a high level of knowledge and practice. It is essential for the success of infectious disease prevention in schools that teachers participate in training sessions for health education programs.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126597326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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