Cardiac dysfunction, though common as a primary effect of HIV infection or its treatment in HIV-infected children, is often clinically masked by pulmonary disease in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of cardiac dysfunction in children with HIV/AIDS infection. This was a cross-sectional comparative case - control study of clinical and echocardiographic findings in 90 pediatric HIV/AIDS children aged 18 months to 14years and their age and gender - matched HIV – negative controls attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Relevant clinical information including demographics, investigations including echocardiography and treatment, were captured using a datasheet designed for the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. The majority of the subjects had cardiac abnormalities and was on HAART. The pattern of cardiac abnormalities in HIV – infected and AIDS groups were left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (33.8% and 36.4% in the HIV – infected and the AIDS groups respectively, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (6.8%) seen only in AIDS group (p=0.03). A strong linear relationship between cardiac dysfunction and CD4+ counts (R2=0.8642) and age (R2=0.4203) among the patients were observed. Cardiac dysfunction is common in children with HIV/AIDS and predicted by CD4+ count and increasing age. Need exists to monitor the development of cardiac dysfunction using appropriate clinical details and echocardiography is recommended to improve their quality of life.
{"title":"Predictors of cardiac dysfunction in children with HIV/AIDS attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu","authors":"I. Arodiwe, C. Eke, Ejikeme B. Arodiwe","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.186","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac dysfunction, though common as a primary effect of HIV infection or its treatment in HIV-infected children, is often clinically masked by pulmonary disease in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of cardiac dysfunction in children with HIV/AIDS infection. This was a cross-sectional comparative case - control study of clinical and echocardiographic findings in 90 pediatric HIV/AIDS children aged 18 months to 14years and their age and gender - matched HIV – negative controls attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Relevant clinical information including demographics, investigations including echocardiography and treatment, were captured using a datasheet designed for the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. The majority of the subjects had cardiac abnormalities and was on HAART. The pattern of cardiac abnormalities in HIV – infected and AIDS groups were left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (33.8% and 36.4% in the HIV – infected and the AIDS groups respectively, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (6.8%) seen only in AIDS group (p=0.03). A strong linear relationship between cardiac dysfunction and CD4+ counts (R2=0.8642) and age (R2=0.4203) among the patients were observed. Cardiac dysfunction is common in children with HIV/AIDS and predicted by CD4+ count and increasing age. Need exists to monitor the development of cardiac dysfunction using appropriate clinical details and echocardiography is recommended to improve their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126735095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iyidobi, T. Iyidobi, U. Ozioko, J. Onu, R. Muomah, S. Iorfa, A. Aneke
Vaccination is a basic public health intervention and its advancement in prevention of infectious diseases that plague humans has been evolving and helps to save humanity from extinction. This study aims to evaluate the common side effects of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive second dose among healthcare workers within Enugu metropolis. It was a cross -sectional survey carried out from March to June, 2021 using validated self-administered questionnaire among 89 participants. Data analysis were conducted using SPSS version 21.0 (p<0.05). The median age of the participants was 38 years and 71 (79.8%) of them constitute the frontline health-workers. Post vaccination side effects was reported by 78 (87.6%) of the participant. Among the reported side effects, pain at the injection site was the most common 55 (62%) while sore throat, chills and rigor were the least occurring in 13 (14.6%) respectively. The association between the presence of side effect of Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine and willingness to receive the second dose of the vaccine was (p=1.00) while the duration and number of the side effects associated with the willingness to receive the second dose of the vaccine were not statistically significant (p>0.05) respectively. The Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine has high safety profile margin, though with some side-effects which could not deter participants from getting vaccinated. Education of the masses on safety of current vaccines and future vaccines should be an integral component of public health initiatives aimed at achieving the desired herd immunity.
{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy: Pattern of side effects of the first dose of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Enugu","authors":"E. Iyidobi, T. Iyidobi, U. Ozioko, J. Onu, R. Muomah, S. Iorfa, A. Aneke","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.174","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is a basic public health intervention and its advancement in prevention of infectious diseases that plague humans has been evolving and helps to save humanity from extinction. This study aims to evaluate the common side effects of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive second dose among healthcare workers within Enugu metropolis. It was a cross -sectional survey carried out from March to June, 2021 using validated self-administered questionnaire among 89 participants. Data analysis were conducted using SPSS version 21.0 (p<0.05). The median age of the participants was 38 years and 71 (79.8%) of them constitute the frontline health-workers. Post vaccination side effects was reported by 78 (87.6%) of the participant. Among the reported side effects, pain at the injection site was the most common 55 (62%) while sore throat, chills and rigor were the least occurring in 13 (14.6%) respectively. The association between the presence of side effect of Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine and willingness to receive the second dose of the vaccine was (p=1.00) while the duration and number of the side effects associated with the willingness to receive the second dose of the vaccine were not statistically significant (p>0.05) respectively. The Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine has high safety profile margin, though with some side-effects which could not deter participants from getting vaccinated. Education of the masses on safety of current vaccines and future vaccines should be an integral component of public health initiatives aimed at achieving the desired herd immunity.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125612597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iyidobi, Livinus Patrick Anijunsi, U. Enweani, R. Ekwunife, Emmanuel O. Agbo, U. Ozioko
Extremity injuries have attained a significant position in musculoskeletal trauma. This study aims to describe the pattern of closed long bone diaphyseal fractures in acute trauma setting. A prospective study of patients who presented at the trauma unit of National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu over a 6months period was undertaken. Sixty two patients with closed long bone diaphyseal fractures of femur, tibia and humerus who consented and met the study inclusion criteria were prospectively included and evaluated. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. A total of 2880 patients presented during the period of study out of which, 62 (37 males and 25 females) presented with closed long bone diaphyseal fractures giving an incidence of 21.5/1000 trauma unit attendance (and occurring mostly in males 32.1/1000). The 21-30years age group distribution were the mostly affected (35.5%) with closed long bone diaphyseal fracture at presentation. Motor vehicular accident was the leading cause of closed long bone diaphyseal fractures (66.7%) followed by tricycle accident (19.4%) and assault (1.9%), the least. Transverse fractures (40.3%) were the most common fracture pattern followed by the comminuted fracture (27.4%), The anatomic location of fractures in diaphyseal long bones of the humerus, femur and tibia did not show any significant difference (p<0.05). With transverse and comminuted fracture being the commonest fracture patterns distribution and motor vehicular accidents the leading cause, these could be of a guide for orthopaedic surgeons to decide on the best interventional approach and to improve functional outcome.
{"title":"The etiology and pattern distribution of closed long bone diaphyseal fractures: A prospective survey in a regional trauma center Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"E. Iyidobi, Livinus Patrick Anijunsi, U. Enweani, R. Ekwunife, Emmanuel O. Agbo, U. Ozioko","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.175","url":null,"abstract":"Extremity injuries have attained a significant position in musculoskeletal trauma. This study aims to describe the pattern of closed long bone diaphyseal fractures in acute trauma setting. A prospective study of patients who presented at the trauma unit of National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu over a 6months period was undertaken. Sixty two patients with closed long bone diaphyseal fractures of femur, tibia and humerus who consented and met the study inclusion criteria were prospectively included and evaluated. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. A total of 2880 patients presented during the period of study out of which, 62 (37 males and 25 females) presented with closed long bone diaphyseal fractures giving an incidence of 21.5/1000 trauma unit attendance (and occurring mostly in males 32.1/1000). The 21-30years age group distribution were the mostly affected (35.5%) with closed long bone diaphyseal fracture at presentation. Motor vehicular accident was the leading cause of closed long bone diaphyseal fractures (66.7%) followed by tricycle accident (19.4%) and assault (1.9%), the least. Transverse fractures (40.3%) were the most common fracture pattern followed by the comminuted fracture (27.4%), The anatomic location of fractures in diaphyseal long bones of the humerus, femur and tibia did not show any significant difference (p<0.05). With transverse and comminuted fracture being the commonest fracture patterns distribution and motor vehicular accidents the leading cause, these could be of a guide for orthopaedic surgeons to decide on the best interventional approach and to improve functional outcome.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129694360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with significant coronary artery disease often have at least one vessel with Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) as demonstrated by coronary angiography. However, the prevalence and determinants of CTO differ according to ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of CTO in the Iraqi Kurdistan population in 2015. Clinical and angiographic data were collected in consecutive patients that underwent coronary angiography at our institution between January and December 2015. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was determined as 50% diameter stenosis in one coronary artery and CTO as total coronary artery occlusion of 3-month duration. Among 260 patients diagnosed with ischemic coronary artery disease and undergone coronary angiography, 28.5% (n=74) were diagnosed to have at least one CTO vessel and 69 (26.5%) patients had a previous history of myocardial infarction. CTOs were located in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 45% of patients while in the right coronary artery in 32%. CTO patients were substantially older (61 vs 56 years; p <0.0001) and more likely to live in non-urban areas. They frequently had more hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial revascularization, being an exsmoker, and renal dysfunction as compared to patients without CTOs. At univariate analysis, a previous history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was the only predictor of having a diagnosis of CTO. Patients diagnosed with CTO in Iraqi Kurdistan had several comorbidities including cardiovascular risk factors and renal dysfunction. Previous CABG was the only predictor of CTO diagnosis.
{"title":"Prevalence and correlated factors for chronic total occlusion in patients with coronary artery disease in Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"Deldar Morad Abdulah, Shawkat Miro","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.170","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with significant coronary artery disease often have at least one vessel with Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) as demonstrated by coronary angiography. However, the prevalence and determinants of CTO differ according to ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of CTO in the Iraqi Kurdistan population in 2015. Clinical and angiographic data were collected in consecutive patients that underwent coronary angiography at our institution between January and December 2015. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was determined as 50% diameter stenosis in one coronary artery and CTO as total coronary artery occlusion of 3-month duration. Among 260 patients diagnosed with ischemic coronary artery disease and undergone coronary angiography, 28.5% (n=74) were diagnosed to have at least one CTO vessel and 69 (26.5%) patients had a previous history of myocardial infarction. CTOs were located in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 45% of patients while in the right coronary artery in 32%. CTO patients were substantially older (61 vs 56 years; p <0.0001) and more likely to live in non-urban areas. They frequently had more hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial revascularization, being an exsmoker, and renal dysfunction as compared to patients without CTOs. At univariate analysis, a previous history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was the only predictor of having a diagnosis of CTO. Patients diagnosed with CTO in Iraqi Kurdistan had several comorbidities including cardiovascular risk factors and renal dysfunction. Previous CABG was the only predictor of CTO diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ilo, C. Uchenwoke, U. Umeh, Ubanna Nneoma Nwankwo, S. Ede, Chidinma Evangeline Nwankwo
Occupational hazard preventive measures are important practices because of the high rates of associated morbidity and mortality of exposed workers and include actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of preventive measures of occupational health hazards among nurses working in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane Enugu. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to collect data through a researcher-developed questionnaire. Utilizing the purposeful sampling technique, 214 nurses working in ESUTH, Parklane, completed the survey. A total of 214 questionnaires were filled and returned (response rate = 93.9%). A good level of knowledge (91.6%) on occupational hazard preventive measures was most evident among the respondents. There was also an associated good level of implementation of occupational hazard preventive measures among the respondents with a grand mean of 3.08±1.28. The factors found to influence the implementation of occupational hazard preventive measures among the respondents include the inadequate provision of PPE (3.47±0.58), poor attitudes of government towards workers’ working conditions (3.44±0.63), and lack of adequate staff training (2.93±0.41). Overall, the findings show that Nurses working in ESUTH showed good knowledge and practice of preventive measures of occupational health hazards. In terms of reducing hazards among Nurses in the wards, and in the hospitals, we recommend that risk assessment should be carried out regularly to identify potential hazards at a safe stage.
{"title":"Knowledge and practice of preventive measures for occupational health hazards among nurses working in a teaching hospital in Enugu","authors":"I. Ilo, C. Uchenwoke, U. Umeh, Ubanna Nneoma Nwankwo, S. Ede, Chidinma Evangeline Nwankwo","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.182","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational hazard preventive measures are important practices because of the high rates of associated morbidity and mortality of exposed workers and include actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of preventive measures of occupational health hazards among nurses working in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane Enugu. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to collect data through a researcher-developed questionnaire. Utilizing the purposeful sampling technique, 214 nurses working in ESUTH, Parklane, completed the survey. A total of 214 questionnaires were filled and returned (response rate = 93.9%). A good level of knowledge (91.6%) on occupational hazard preventive measures was most evident among the respondents. There was also an associated good level of implementation of occupational hazard preventive measures among the respondents with a grand mean of 3.08±1.28. The factors found to influence the implementation of occupational hazard preventive measures among the respondents include the inadequate provision of PPE (3.47±0.58), poor attitudes of government towards workers’ working conditions (3.44±0.63), and lack of adequate staff training (2.93±0.41). Overall, the findings show that Nurses working in ESUTH showed good knowledge and practice of preventive measures of occupational health hazards. In terms of reducing hazards among Nurses in the wards, and in the hospitals, we recommend that risk assessment should be carried out regularly to identify potential hazards at a safe stage.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125049900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opeyemi O. Oni, P. Akinwusi, K. Olufemi-Aworinde, A. Odeyemi, Idowu Ajibola, O. Israel, Gbenga M. Israel, O. Ala, J. Akande, A. O. Aremu, A. Durodola, J. Owolabi
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Non-O blood groups have been shown to confer a high risk of coronary heart disease. There is paucity of data on the relationship between blood group and left ventricular hypertrophy, among other cardiovascular risk factors. A community-based study was done to evaluate the blood groups and their associations with conventional cardiovascular risk factors in Ejigbo. Anthropometry, blood pressure and other clinical variables were measured. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis for blood group typing, serum cholesterol and triglyceride assay. A 12- lead electrocardiogram was performed. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20 to determine possible relationships between the variables. Two hundred and six cases were recruited and analyzed. The prevalence of the various groups was as follows: A - 23%; B-31.4%; AB-4.4%; O-41.2%; rhesus-positive-92.7% and rhesus-negative-7.3%. Blood group B had similar systolic blood pressure (136.0±23.9 vs 137.3±22.3; p=0.726), higher Sokolow- Lyon voltage sum (3.3±1.1 vs 2.9±0.9; p=0.025) and serum triglycerides [14(21.9%) vs7(8.4%), p=0.021] than those with blood group O. Those with Rhesus Positive status had longer PR interval (169.3±25.4 vs 154.2±19.1; p value=0.055) and QRS duration (83.8±12.8 vs 78.4±7.6; p value=0.043) than those with Rhesus negative blood groups. Binary logistic regression revealed blood group B as an independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy( LVH) (OR: 3.028; p=0.012; 95% CI:1.275-7.192). Blood group B is a determinant of LVH. Rhesus positive status is associated with delayed electrical conduction through the myocardium.
心血管疾病是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。非o型血的人患冠心病的风险较高。在其他心血管危险因素中，血型与左心室肥厚之间的关系缺乏数据。一项以社区为基础的研究评估了伊格波市的血型及其与传统心血管危险因素的关系。测量了人体测量、血压和其他临床变量。采集血样进行生化分析，进行血型分型、血清胆固醇和甘油三酯测定。做了12导联心电图。分析使用SPSS version 20来确定变量之间可能的关系。我们招募并分析了206例病例。各年龄组患病率情况如下:A - 23%;b - 31.4%;ab - 4.4%;o - 41.2%;恒河鼠阳性92.7%，恒河鼠阴性7.3%。B组患者收缩压相似(136.0±23.9 vs 137.3±22.3;p=0.726)，较高的Sokolow- Lyon电压和(3.3±1.1 vs 2.9±0.9;p=0.025)和血清甘油三酯[14(21.9%)vs7(8.4%)， p=0.021]比o型血患者PR间期更长(169.3±25.4 vs 154.2±19.1;p值=0.055)和QRS持续时间(83.8±12.8 vs 78.4±7.6;p值=0.043)。二元logistic回归显示B血型是左室肥厚(LVH)的独立决定因素(OR: 3.028;p = 0.012;95%置信区间:1.275—-7.192)。B血型是LVH的决定因素。恒河鼠阳性状态与心肌电传导延迟有关。
{"title":"Blood group and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors: A community survey","authors":"Opeyemi O. Oni, P. Akinwusi, K. Olufemi-Aworinde, A. Odeyemi, Idowu Ajibola, O. Israel, Gbenga M. Israel, O. Ala, J. Akande, A. O. Aremu, A. Durodola, J. Owolabi","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.164","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Non-O blood groups have been shown to confer a high risk of coronary heart disease. There is paucity of data on the relationship between blood group and left ventricular hypertrophy, among other cardiovascular risk factors. A community-based study was done to evaluate the blood groups and their associations with conventional cardiovascular risk factors in Ejigbo. Anthropometry, blood pressure and other clinical variables were measured. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis for blood group typing, serum cholesterol and triglyceride assay. A 12- lead electrocardiogram was performed. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20 to determine possible relationships between the variables. Two hundred and six cases were recruited and analyzed. The prevalence of the various groups was as follows: A - 23%; B-31.4%; AB-4.4%; O-41.2%; rhesus-positive-92.7% and rhesus-negative-7.3%. Blood group B had similar systolic blood pressure (136.0±23.9 vs 137.3±22.3; p=0.726), higher Sokolow- Lyon voltage sum (3.3±1.1 vs 2.9±0.9; p=0.025) and serum triglycerides [14(21.9%) vs7(8.4%), p=0.021] than those with blood group O. Those with Rhesus Positive status had longer PR interval (169.3±25.4 vs 154.2±19.1; p value=0.055) and QRS duration (83.8±12.8 vs 78.4±7.6; p value=0.043) than those with Rhesus negative blood groups. Binary logistic regression revealed blood group B as an independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy( LVH) (OR: 3.028; p=0.012; 95% CI:1.275-7.192). Blood group B is a determinant of LVH. Rhesus positive status is associated with delayed electrical conduction through the myocardium.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131376247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Ezeala-Adikaibe, B. Oti, S. Ohaegbulam, Okwudili Okwuonodulu, C. Ndubuisi
Epilepsy/seizures are major indications for brain imaging in clinical neurology. Structural lesions that may cause seizures are numerous and are defined using various neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging. The resolution of MRI allows for better fine ultra-structural lesions delineation. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern and frequency of structural brain lesions in MRI of patients with seizures and no clinically evident focal neurological signs. This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in a private hospital in Enugu, South East Nigeria to review all MRI results of patients who presented with seizures without clinical evidence of focal neurologic deficits. The MRI reports of two-third of the patients (47.9%) revealed focal lesions and about a third of the patients (32.2%) had normal findings. The structural lesions reported were mostly brain tumors (16%), stroke (9.5%), central nervous system infections (6.5%), brain malformation (6%) and encephalomalacia/gliosis (5%). Frequency of focal lesions clearly increased with age. Young patients were mostly associated with normal findings. Brain tumors and stroke were noted to occur more in the middle and aged patients respectively. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging remains a useful tool in the workup of patients with seizures without neurologic deficits. Treatable lesions can easily be revealed using this imaging modality.
{"title":"0.35 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging findings in a cohort of 399 seizure patients. Experience from a single centre in Nigeria","authors":"B. Ezeala-Adikaibe, B. Oti, S. Ohaegbulam, Okwudili Okwuonodulu, C. Ndubuisi","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.188","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy/seizures are major indications for brain imaging in clinical neurology. Structural lesions that may cause seizures are numerous and are defined using various neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging. The resolution of MRI allows for better fine ultra-structural lesions delineation. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern and frequency of structural brain lesions in MRI of patients with seizures and no clinically evident focal neurological signs. This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in a private hospital in Enugu, South East Nigeria to review all MRI results of patients who presented with seizures without clinical evidence of focal neurologic deficits. The MRI reports of two-third of the patients (47.9%) revealed focal lesions and about a third of the patients (32.2%) had normal findings. The structural lesions reported were mostly brain tumors (16%), stroke (9.5%), central nervous system infections (6.5%), brain malformation (6%) and encephalomalacia/gliosis (5%). Frequency of focal lesions clearly increased with age. Young patients were mostly associated with normal findings. Brain tumors and stroke were noted to occur more in the middle and aged patients respectively. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging remains a useful tool in the workup of patients with seizures without neurologic deficits. Treatable lesions can easily be revealed using this imaging modality.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorosis affects both children’s oral health and quality of life because even the mildest form of tooth discoloration is considered cosmetically unacceptable and is a cause of psychological concern for those affected. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and determine its associated risk factors among adolescents in the Zing community. This study is a quantitative crosssectional survey. The study participants were 300 children residing in Zing community and studying in one of the secondary schools selected for this study using a systematic random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and pretested to record information about demographic characteristics and risk factors for dental fluorosis. The children were also asked about their source of water consumption and their main source of drinking water recorded. The Dean Fluorosis Index (1934) was used to determine the grade of the severity of dental fluorosis. A Chi-square analysis test was used to test for possible associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was calculated as 52.0% and it varied significantly with age. A severe form of dental fluorosis (21.7%) was the most common grade of severity of dental fluorosis. Mild dental fluorosis had the lowest prevalence of 6.0%. The correlation between the occurrence of dental fluorosis and the duration of residence was found to be highly statistically significant (p≤0.001). The prevalence of dental caries in this study was 12.7%. No correlation was found between dental fluorosis and caries status. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly high among the secondary school students of the Zing community in Taraba State. There is thus a need for health education and community awareness for preventing fluorosis and for early intervention to reduce the consequences on dental and periodontal health status.
{"title":"Dental fluorosis and associated risk factors among secondary school students in Zing community, North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"E. P. Ofiri, Hope Inegbenosun","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2022.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2022.165","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorosis affects both children’s oral health and quality of life because even the mildest form of tooth discoloration is considered cosmetically unacceptable and is a cause of psychological concern for those affected. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and determine its associated risk factors among adolescents in the Zing community. This study is a quantitative crosssectional survey. The study participants were 300 children residing in Zing community and studying in one of the secondary schools selected for this study using a systematic random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and pretested to record information about demographic characteristics and risk factors for dental fluorosis. The children were also asked about their source of water consumption and their main source of drinking water recorded. The Dean Fluorosis Index (1934) was used to determine the grade of the severity of dental fluorosis. A Chi-square analysis test was used to test for possible associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was calculated as 52.0% and it varied significantly with age. A severe form of dental fluorosis (21.7%) was the most common grade of severity of dental fluorosis. Mild dental fluorosis had the lowest prevalence of 6.0%. The correlation between the occurrence of dental fluorosis and the duration of residence was found to be highly statistically significant (p≤0.001). The prevalence of dental caries in this study was 12.7%. No correlation was found between dental fluorosis and caries status. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was significantly high among the secondary school students of the Zing community in Taraba State. There is thus a need for health education and community awareness for preventing fluorosis and for early intervention to reduce the consequences on dental and periodontal health status.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1132848/v1
U. Ekwochi, I. Ndu, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, O. Chime, O. Amadi, C. Eneh, I. Asinobi, D. Osuorah
Background: During the early weeks of life, the signs/symptoms of serious illness can be subtle, thus careful watching is crucial. The World health Organization has recognized nine “danger sign” which are closely associated with morbidity and mortality when not recognized early and given adequate care. This project was undertaken to assess mothers’ knowledge of these danger signs and health seeking behavior before and after training on newborn danger signs.Methodology: This community-based interventional study was carried amongst women in two rural communities of Enugu State. Participant’s knowledge of danger signs and care seeking behaviors were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire before and after training on the danger signs newborns using videos from the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). Pre- and post-training data were collated for analysis and comparison using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 197 women were enrolled for the study. Among the socio-demographic indices examined, only the number of newborns nursed in the past significantly determined knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborn (P=0.032). Prior to the training, 47% of respondents could not recount offhand any danger sign compared to 1.5% after the training (P=0.001). Knowledge of up to 3 danger signs significantly increased after the training (P = 0.001) and participants who admitted seeking medical help within 24 hours of noticing any danger signs in newborn also significantly increased, (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Our study documented a strong impact of training of mothers on their knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborns and on their healthcare seeking behavior. Therefore, training and retraining of mothers and/or care givers could help improve newborn care and reduce overall infant mortality
背景:在生命的最初几周，严重疾病的迹象/症状可能很微妙，因此仔细观察是至关重要的。世界卫生组织确认了九种“危险迹象”，如果不及早发现并给予适当治疗，它们与发病率和死亡率密切相关。开展这一项目是为了评估母亲对这些危险迹象的了解以及在接受新生儿危险迹象培训前后的求医行为。方法:这项以社区为基础的干预性研究在埃努古州两个农村社区的妇女中进行。在使用儿童疾病综合管理(IMCI)的视频对新生儿进行危险体征培训前后，通过采访者管理的问卷调查获得了参与者对危险体征和求医行为的了解。对训练前后的数据进行整理，使用SPSS version 20进行分析比较。结果:共有197名妇女参加了这项研究。在检查的社会人口指标中，只有过去护理过的新生儿数量显著决定了患病新生儿对危险迹象的认识(P=0.032)。培训前，47%的受访者不能立即说出任何危险信号，而培训后这一比例为1.5% (P=0.001)。培训后对多达3种危险体征的认识显著增加(P= 0.001)，承认在发现新生儿危险体征24小时内寻求医疗帮助的参与者也显著增加(P= 0.043)。结论:我们的研究记录了母亲培训对她们对患病新生儿危险迹象的认识和她们寻求医疗保健行为的强烈影响。因此，对母亲和/或护理人员进行培训和再培训有助于改善新生儿护理，降低婴儿总体死亡率
{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Maternal Training on Knowledge of Danger Signs in Sick Newborns and Health Seeking Behaviors Among Mothers in Enugu, South-east Nigeria- a Pre-and-post Interventional Study","authors":"U. Ekwochi, I. Ndu, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, O. Chime, O. Amadi, C. Eneh, I. Asinobi, D. Osuorah","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1132848/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1132848/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: During the early weeks of life, the signs/symptoms of serious illness can be subtle, thus careful watching is crucial. The World health Organization has recognized nine “danger sign” which are closely associated with morbidity and mortality when not recognized early and given adequate care. This project was undertaken to assess mothers’ knowledge of these danger signs and health seeking behavior before and after training on newborn danger signs.Methodology: This community-based interventional study was carried amongst women in two rural communities of Enugu State. Participant’s knowledge of danger signs and care seeking behaviors were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire before and after training on the danger signs newborns using videos from the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). Pre- and post-training data were collated for analysis and comparison using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 197 women were enrolled for the study. Among the socio-demographic indices examined, only the number of newborns nursed in the past significantly determined knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborn (P=0.032). Prior to the training, 47% of respondents could not recount offhand any danger sign compared to 1.5% after the training (P=0.001). Knowledge of up to 3 danger signs significantly increased after the training (P = 0.001) and participants who admitted seeking medical help within 24 hours of noticing any danger signs in newborn also significantly increased, (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Our study documented a strong impact of training of mothers on their knowledge of danger signs in the sick newborns and on their healthcare seeking behavior. Therefore, training and retraining of mothers and/or care givers could help improve newborn care and reduce overall infant mortality","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123476900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe stroke may necessitate intensive care unit admission, but there is a heightened risk of acquiring infection with use of ICU devices. Data regarding infection, pathogens and microbial resistance amongst stroke patients admitted into the ICU is scanty in Nigeria. This study aims to describe the infections, pathogens and antibiotics resistance pattern amongst stroke patients admitted into the ICU. It was a retrospective study. The ICU admission records of all stroke patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital from January 2014 to September 2019 were reviewed. The data obtained were the demographics, the types of stroke, results of microbiological studies on endotracheal aspirates, urine specimen, blood specimen, wound swab, vascular catheters, urinary catheters and the antibiogram pattern. One hundred and eight stroke patients were admitted into the ICU during the 5-year under review. The mean age was 61.8 with 51% being females and 52% having ischemic stroke. Seventy-five percent of the stroke patient had hospital acquired infection. Ventilator associated pneumonia accounted for 67.1% of infections, urinary tract infection was 22.8%, and blood stream infection 6.3% while 3.7% had infected decubitus ulcers. Microbial isolates were, Enterobacter sakazakii, accounting for 43.5%, Klebsiella pneumonia 13%, Escherichia coli 11.1%, and Proteus mirabilis 7.4% while 48% had Plasmodium falciparum infection. The micro-bacteria isolates were multi-antibiotics resistant, with the highest resistance for cotrimazole, cefuroxime and ceftazidime. The stroke patient in the ICU is susceptible to developing drug resistant hospital acquired infections, which could increase mortality. Ensuring minimal cases of ICU infection with continuous antimicrobial surveillance and robust antibiotics policy should be the goal.
{"title":"Pathogens and antimicrobial resistance amongst stroke patients in the intensive care unit: A five years review from Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"F. Odiase, P. Lofor","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2021.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2021.162","url":null,"abstract":"Severe stroke may necessitate intensive care unit admission, but there is a heightened risk of acquiring infection with use of ICU devices. Data regarding infection, pathogens and microbial resistance amongst stroke patients admitted into the ICU is scanty in Nigeria. This study aims to describe the infections, pathogens and antibiotics resistance pattern amongst stroke patients admitted into the ICU. It was a retrospective study. The ICU admission records of all stroke patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital from January 2014 to September 2019 were reviewed. The data obtained were the demographics, the types of stroke, results of microbiological studies on endotracheal aspirates, urine specimen, blood specimen, wound swab, vascular catheters, urinary catheters and the antibiogram pattern. One hundred and eight stroke patients were admitted into the ICU during the 5-year under review. The mean age was 61.8 with 51% being females and 52% having ischemic stroke. Seventy-five percent of the stroke patient had hospital acquired infection. Ventilator associated pneumonia accounted for 67.1% of infections, urinary tract infection was 22.8%, and blood stream infection 6.3% while 3.7% had infected decubitus ulcers. Microbial isolates were, Enterobacter sakazakii, accounting for 43.5%, Klebsiella pneumonia 13%, Escherichia coli 11.1%, and Proteus mirabilis 7.4% while 48% had Plasmodium falciparum infection. The micro-bacteria isolates were multi-antibiotics resistant, with the highest resistance for cotrimazole, cefuroxime and ceftazidime. The stroke patient in the ICU is susceptible to developing drug resistant hospital acquired infections, which could increase mortality. Ensuring minimal cases of ICU infection with continuous antimicrobial surveillance and robust antibiotics policy should be the goal.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123528414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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