Mohammed saleem Mazyad, Bilal Ghafoor, Lubab Tarek Nafea
{"title":"The Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Children Compared to Adults: A Multiple Iraqi Centers Study","authors":"Mohammed saleem Mazyad, Bilal Ghafoor, Lubab Tarek Nafea","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Andrew, Ezegbe Amarachi Grace, Chime Salome, Ugwu Calister Elochukwu, B. Izuchukwu, U. Ejiofor, Chukwuemeka Chizoba Lorrita, Onunkwo Godswill
Introduction: Metronidazole is a synthetic oral nitroimidazole antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It also has amebicidal and antiprotozoal properties. Aim: The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate metronidazole tablets formulated with polymers (PVP and PEG) and maize starch as disintegrant using moisture activated dry granulation (MADG). Method: Twenty-four (24) batches of metronidazole granules and tablets were prepared by moisture activated dry granulation. Metronidazole (200 mg), lactose and gelatin (1, 2, 4, and 8 %) were mixed, followed by continuous mixing. Prior to compression, micro-crystalline cellulose, disintegrants and magnesium stearate were added. The dried granules were passed via 1.0 mm sieve after which they were labelled and stored in an air tight container. All other batches were also similarly prepared. Result: The result showed that the mean weight of the tablets ranged from 0.33±0.01 to 0.35±0.04 g. Tablet hardness ranged from 5.00±0.85 to 6.36±1.43. The results showed that batch 11 tablets had higher crushing strength than batch 24 with a significant difference. Table 2 shows the hardness test results and clearly indicates that the results of all the samples significantly differ from each other (p<0.05). The tablet friability test ranged from 0.21±0.17 for batch 24 and 0.60±0.16 for batch 11. The formulated tablets showed average disintegration time ranges from 0.52±0.01 to 14.03±0.03. According to USP, the disintegration time must be in the range of 15 min for uncoated tablets, and 30 mins for film coated tablets. Conclusion: The study established that polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers had better dissolution profile than maize starch which has the best disintegration properties. Peer Review History: Received: 4 March 2023; Revised: 26 April; Accepted: 20 June 2023, Available online: 15 July 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Julie Ann S. Ng, Blk 18 Lot 6 Grandville 3 Subdivision Mansilingan, Bacolod City, Philippines. julieann_ng@yahoo.com Dr. Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef – 32 Tahrir St, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
{"title":"Evaluation of Metronidazole Tablets Formulated With Different Disintegrants Using Moisture Activated Dry Granulation (MADG)","authors":"E. Andrew, Ezegbe Amarachi Grace, Chime Salome, Ugwu Calister Elochukwu, B. Izuchukwu, U. Ejiofor, Chukwuemeka Chizoba Lorrita, Onunkwo Godswill","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metronidazole is a synthetic oral nitroimidazole antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It also has amebicidal and antiprotozoal properties.\u0000Aim: The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate metronidazole tablets formulated with polymers (PVP and PEG) and maize starch as disintegrant using moisture activated dry granulation (MADG).\u0000Method: Twenty-four (24) batches of metronidazole granules and tablets were prepared by moisture activated dry granulation. Metronidazole (200 mg), lactose and gelatin (1, 2, 4, and 8 %) were mixed, followed by continuous mixing. Prior to compression, micro-crystalline cellulose, disintegrants and magnesium stearate were added. The dried granules were passed via 1.0 mm sieve after which they were labelled and stored in an air tight container. All other batches were also similarly prepared.\u0000Result: The result showed that the mean weight of the tablets ranged from 0.33±0.01 to 0.35±0.04 g. Tablet hardness ranged from 5.00±0.85 to 6.36±1.43. The results showed that batch 11 tablets had higher crushing strength than batch 24 with a significant difference. Table 2 shows the hardness test results and clearly indicates that the results of all the samples significantly differ from each other (p<0.05). The tablet friability test ranged from 0.21±0.17 for batch 24 and 0.60±0.16 for batch 11. The formulated tablets showed average disintegration time ranges from 0.52±0.01 to 14.03±0.03. According to USP, the disintegration time must be in the range of 15 min for uncoated tablets, and 30 mins for film coated tablets.\u0000Conclusion: The study established that polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers had better dissolution profile than maize starch which has the best disintegration properties.\u0000 \u0000Peer Review History: \u0000Received: 4 March 2023; Revised: 26 April; Accepted: 20 June 2023, Available online: 15 July 2023\u0000Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com\u0000Received file: Reviewer's Comments:\u0000Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10\u0000Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10\u0000Reviewers:\u0000Dr. Julie Ann S. Ng, Blk 18 Lot 6 Grandville 3 Subdivision Mansilingan, Bacolod City, Philippines. julieann_ng@yahoo.com\u0000Dr. Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef – 32 Tahrir St, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123149947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among all forms of volume, the tablet is the most popular volume method available today due to its convenience of self-control, coherence and easy production; sometimes immediate relief the onset of action is necessary than conventional treatment in most cases. To overcome these barriers, a form of immediate release dose has emerged like other oral dose forms. Forms of rapid drug release dispersal immediately after treatment with an improved degree of elimination. The basic method used in pill development is the use of superdisintegrants such as Kyron T-314 based on polymer bonded Polycarboxylic acid per USP/NF and has a K+ionic form. The Kyron T-316 is a relatively new fast disintegration system specifically for acid-containing drugs that promote dispersion and dissolution. Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) etc. The drug categories selected for immediate release are painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Diclofenac sodium. Anti-coagulants such as Dicoumarol, Dipyridamol. Anti-Depressants like Amoxapiine. Antidiabetic as Glipizide. Antibacterial like Linezolid, antihypertensive drugs like Amlodipine, Minoxidil, Nifedipine are best for immediate release
{"title":"A Review on Formulation and Evaluation Approaches for Fast Release Tablet","authors":"P. Upadhyay, K. ., P. Chaudhary, S. Upadhyay","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10015","url":null,"abstract":"Among all forms of volume, the tablet is the most popular volume method available today due to its convenience of self-control, coherence and easy production; sometimes immediate relief the onset of action is necessary than conventional treatment in most cases. To overcome these barriers, a form of immediate release dose has emerged like other oral dose forms. Forms of rapid drug release dispersal immediately after treatment with an improved degree of elimination. The basic method used in pill development is the use of superdisintegrants such as Kyron T-314 based on polymer bonded Polycarboxylic acid per USP/NF and has a K+ionic form. The Kyron T-316 is a relatively new fast disintegration system specifically for acid-containing drugs that promote dispersion and dissolution. Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) etc. The drug categories selected for immediate release are painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Diclofenac sodium. Anti-coagulants such as Dicoumarol, Dipyridamol. Anti-Depressants like Amoxapiine. Antidiabetic as Glipizide. Antibacterial like Linezolid, antihypertensive drugs like Amlodipine, Minoxidil, Nifedipine are best for immediate release","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134558844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone, which is known as hypothyroidism. It can be primary (caused by an abnormality in the thyroid gland itself) or secondary/central. Between 3.8% and 4.6% of the general population has hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can also develop secondary to hypothalamic and pituitary disorders. These endocrine conditions occur primarily in patients who have undergone intracranial irradiation or surgical removal of a pituitary adenoma. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is not easy because most of the symptoms, especially in mild cases, are nonspecific and are frequently attributed to other causes or to the aging process itself. Levothyroxine dosage selection, patient-appropriate serum thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone) goal selection, and maintenance of that goal are the fundamental components of treating hypothyroidism. Although liothyronine (synthetic T3) has uniform potency, it is more expensive, harder to monitor with standard laboratory testing, and has
{"title":"Definition, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Management of Hypothyroidism","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10014","url":null,"abstract":"The thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone, which is known as hypothyroidism. It can be primary (caused by an abnormality in the thyroid gland itself) or secondary/central. Between 3.8% and 4.6% of the general population has hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can also develop secondary to hypothalamic and pituitary disorders. These endocrine conditions occur primarily in patients who have undergone intracranial irradiation or surgical removal of a pituitary adenoma. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is not easy because most of the symptoms, especially in mild cases, are nonspecific and are frequently attributed to other causes or to the aging process itself. Levothyroxine dosage selection, patient-appropriate serum thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone) goal selection, and maintenance of that goal are the fundamental components of treating hypothyroidism. Although liothyronine (synthetic T3) has uniform potency, it is more expensive, harder to monitor with standard laboratory testing, and has","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proper use of medicine or taking medicine in correct order is essential to cure any disease. Even patients from developed nations have trouble staying on top of their drug compliance. When it comes to improper medicine use, there is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West. The key factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan is their understanding and perception of the disease.
{"title":"Adherence to Medication and Treatment Guidelines: Most Important but Mostly Despised","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10012","url":null,"abstract":"Proper use of medicine or taking medicine in correct order is essential to cure any disease. Even patients from developed nations have trouble staying on top of their drug compliance. When it comes to improper medicine use, there is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West. The key factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan is their understanding and perception of the disease.","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127174877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neoplasm metastasis is a multiple-step and multi-molecular pathogenesis process resisting to current norm of therapeutics. More seriously, there is a great shortage of effective and licensed anti-metastatic drugs worldwide. Several evaluative avenues of pharmaceutical efforts might change this scenario in the future. Preclinical tumor models in vivo are workable to embrace new therapeutic strategies and paradigms in the clinic. This Editorial provides latest views of advanced metastatic models in
{"title":"Anti-Metastatic Drug Developments, Utility of More Animal Models","authors":"D. Lu, Tingren Lu","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10011","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasm metastasis is a multiple-step and multi-molecular pathogenesis process resisting to current norm of therapeutics. More seriously, there is a great shortage of effective and licensed anti-metastatic drugs worldwide. Several evaluative avenues of pharmaceutical efforts might change this scenario in the future. Preclinical tumor models in vivo are workable to embrace new therapeutic strategies and paradigms in the clinic. This Editorial provides latest views of advanced metastatic models in","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129294195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iriga Trobich Gnako, A. Mea, Yapi Romaric Ekissi, Ko Abo
Paracetamol, an analgesic frequently used by patients in poor countries because it is cheaper and available by self-medication on all markets. Its excessive consumption induces proven kidney and liver damage. As an indicator of the state of renal function, the serum level of urea, creatinine, and total protein are considered reliable markers. Thus, an increase in blood urea and serum creatinine followed by a decrease in total serum protein levels is indicative of kidney damage. During this study, the rats which received 1000 mg/Kg of paracetamol died on the fourth and fifth day of experimentation. The analyzes show an increase in the level of urea and serum creatinine of more than 150% and a decrease in total proteins of more than 150%. The rate thus goes from 0.288 g/l to 0.720 g/l for urea; from 7.307 mg/l to 18.267 mg/l for creatinine and from 57.168 g/l to 14.292 g/l for total proteins. This suggests nephrotoxicity in rats. In the rats which received 250 and 500 mg/Kg of paracetamol, the serum level of urea which was 0.288 g/l, goes to 0.452 g/l and 0.661 g/l respectively; an increase of 58.07% and 129.60%. The serum creatinine level is 7.307 mg/l in normal rats. This rate goes from 7.705 mg/l and 8.450 mg/l respectively. That is an increase of 5.16% and 15.64%. The total proteins in the normal rats had a level of 57.168 g/l, and the treated rats have a serum level of 54.715 g/l and 49.873 g/l respectively, at the end of the experiment. That is a decrease of 4.25% and 12.76% respectively. These parameters are characteristic of the progressive onset of acute renal failure (ARI or ARF).
{"title":"Nephroprotective Activity of an Aqueous Extract of Alchornea Cordifolia Stapf. (Euphorbiaceae) on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Paracetamol in Rat","authors":"Iriga Trobich Gnako, A. Mea, Yapi Romaric Ekissi, Ko Abo","doi":"10.30654/mjps.10010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30654/mjps.10010","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol, an analgesic frequently used by patients in poor countries because it is cheaper and available by self-medication on all markets. Its excessive consumption induces proven kidney and liver damage. As an indicator of the state of renal function, the serum level of urea, creatinine, and total protein are considered reliable markers. Thus, an increase in blood urea and serum creatinine followed by a decrease in total serum protein levels is indicative of kidney damage. During this study, the rats which received 1000 mg/Kg of paracetamol died on the fourth and fifth day of experimentation. The analyzes show an increase in the level of urea and serum creatinine of more than 150% and a decrease in total proteins of more than 150%. The rate thus goes from 0.288 g/l to 0.720 g/l for urea; from 7.307 mg/l to 18.267 mg/l for creatinine and from 57.168 g/l to 14.292 g/l for total proteins. This suggests nephrotoxicity in rats. In the rats which received 250 and 500 mg/Kg of paracetamol, the serum level of urea which was 0.288 g/l, goes to 0.452 g/l and 0.661 g/l respectively; an increase of 58.07% and 129.60%. The serum creatinine level is 7.307 mg/l in normal rats. This rate goes from 7.705 mg/l and 8.450 mg/l respectively. That is an increase of 5.16% and 15.64%. The total proteins in the normal rats had a level of 57.168 g/l, and the treated rats have a serum level of 54.715 g/l and 49.873 g/l respectively, at the end of the experiment. That is a decrease of 4.25% and 12.76% respectively. These parameters are characteristic of the progressive onset of acute renal failure (ARI or ARF).","PeriodicalId":251442,"journal":{"name":"Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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