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Realization of Lange Coupler using Hybrid Technology and its Characterization 用混合动力技术实现兰格耦合器及其特性
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854817
R. Behera, Kumar Sangam, Suma S. Lonkadi, Ajay Andhiwal, Kamaljeet Singh, A. V. Nirmal
Lange Coupler implementation combining Thin and Thick Film technologies is presented in this article. The standard Lange Coupler on 0.635 mm thick alumina is realized and taken as reference module. The via concept implemented for the direct mounting on assembly board and the continuity though via is ensured using thick film conductor paste. This approach is useful in dense RF boards as it provides ease of mounting with no leads like Quad-Flat-No-lead (QFN). Additionally, unmetallized alumina nitride substrate is taken and Lange Coupler structure is realized with photolithography technique. The characterization of all the three structures are carried out. The implementation methodology utilizing thick film gold paste and wet etching provides greater flexibility on substrate selection and tight tolerances in achieving fine feature sizes without compromising circuit performance. The design implementation methodology, characterization and associated aspects are detailed in this article.
本文介绍了结合薄膜和厚膜技术的兰格耦合器的实现。实现了0.635 mm厚氧化铝上的标准朗格耦合器,并以此为参考模块。通过直接安装在组装板上的概念,通过使用厚膜导体膏确保通过的连续性。这种方法在密集的射频板中很有用,因为它提供了易于安装的无引线,如四平面无引线(QFN)。采用无金属化氮化氧化铝衬底,采用光刻技术实现了朗格耦合器结构。对这三种结构进行了表征。采用厚膜金膏和湿法蚀刻的实现方法在基板选择上提供了更大的灵活性和严格的公差,在不影响电路性能的情况下实现精细的特征尺寸。本文详细介绍了设计实现方法、特征描述和相关方面。
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引用次数: 1
Smart Energy Grid Using Iot 使用物联网的智能电网
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854816
T. Krishna, P. Chandra Babu Naidu, Kumar Cherukupalli, A. V. Reddy, M. Sravani
Electricity to all areas is supplied by energy generation companies via transmission hubs known as electricity grid. Due to some external or internal issue different problems arise when a grid fails. This leads to blackout of the entire area which was getting supply from that particular grid. This paper provides a solution to this problem using IOT as interface for communication and with the help of smart system we can avoid unnecessary loss to energy generation companies. NodeMCU controller looks over the different activities of the system. Wi-fi technology is used to communicate over the internet. The main purpose of this paper is uninterrupted power supply. If an Energy Grid fails due to a problem, the system switches the transmission line to another grid. This makes the area get an uninterrupted power supply.This paper has advanced abilities like detecting electricity theft. Theft conditions are simulated in the system. If an invalid consumer taps the electricity IOT notifies this to corresponding authorities over internet. In this way the proposed system makes sure of uninterrupted power supply and helps in detecting electricity theft.
所有地区的电力都是由发电公司通过被称为电网的传输中心提供的。由于一些外部或内部问题,当网格失败时会出现不同的问题。这导致了整个地区的停电,这是由特定的电网供电。本文提出了一种解决方案,利用物联网作为通信接口,在智能系统的帮助下,可以避免给发电公司带来不必要的损失。NodeMCU控制器检查系统的不同活动。Wi-fi技术用于通过互联网进行通信。本文的主要目的是不间断供电。如果一个电网出现故障,系统会将输电线切换到另一个电网。这使得该地区获得不间断的电力供应。该论文具有探测电力盗窃等先进能力。在系统中模拟了盗窃情况。如果一个无效的消费者使用电力,物联网将通过互联网通知相应的当局。通过这种方式,所提出的系统确保了不间断的电力供应,并有助于检测电力盗窃。
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Water Tree Phenomenon and Incipient Fault in Underground Cable 地下电缆水树现象及早期故障研究进展
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/teeccon54414.2022.9854844
Sanhita Mishra, A. Routray, S. Swain, Ritesh Dash
This paper presents details about water tree phenomena and incipient fault in the underground cable. The water Tree phenomenon is a type of fault that occurs due to old insulated cables exposed to high levels of moisture. Being a high-impedance fault, standard techniques of detection are not found much suitable and thus it becomes necessary to design a mechanism to analyze the level of destruction caused. An early warning system can be used for predictions of water-tree occurrence so that we can keep the remedial measures ready beforehand. The breakdown of cable mainly initiates due to electrical ageing phenomena, which is a slow degradation method. During ageing process, changes in various physicochemical properties may occur which will probably affect the electrical properties of cross-linked polyethylene cable insulation. This ageing will slowly convert to a permanent fault.
本文详细介绍了地下电缆的水树现象和初期故障。水树现象是由于旧的绝缘电缆暴露在高湿度下而发生的一种故障。作为一种高阻抗故障,标准的检测技术不太适用,因此有必要设计一种机制来分析所造成的破坏程度。早期预警系统可以用来预测水树的发生,这样我们就可以提前准备好补救措施。电缆的击穿主要是由电老化现象引起的,这是一种缓慢的退化方法。在老化过程中,交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘的各种理化性能会发生变化,这些变化可能会影响交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘的电气性能。这种老化将慢慢转变为永久的缺陷。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Analysis of Control Strategies for Dynamic Voltage Restorer 动态电压恢复器控制策略的比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854834
B. Bairwa, C. Raghu, P. Ashwini Kumari, Sujo Oommen
Power quality problem is a very big problem in power system, some equipment is installed in the power system to solve it, among them dynamic voltage restaurateur is one of the best equipment. Many types of control techniques can be installed in dynamic voltage restaurateurs. Three types of control methods have been adopted in this research work. Various types of the control techniques such as PI control technique, PR control technique, and hysteresis control technology has been investigated. In this study, two major effects of power quality have been taken, which include voltage sag and voltage swell. These two power quality problems are included up to 30 percent, which is solved through all three methods. Based on the analysis of control technology, the “PI control” method is the best method for Dynamic Voltage Restorer. In this study, Designed control strategies using PI PR Hysteresis controller, with comparative analysis for the implemented for the DVR. PI PR control strategies are designed for medium-level voltage and Hysteresis control strategy design for low-level voltage.
电能质量问题是电力系统中一个非常大的问题,电力系统中安装了一些设备来解决电能质量问题,其中动态电压餐厅就是最好的设备之一。许多类型的控制技术可以安装在动态电压餐馆。本研究工作采用了三种控制方法。研究了各种类型的控制技术,如PI控制技术、PR控制技术和迟滞控制技术。本文主要考虑了电压凹陷和电压膨胀对电能质量的影响。这两个电能质量问题包括高达30%,这是通过所有三种方法解决。通过对控制技术的分析,认为“PI控制”方法是动态电压恢复器的最佳控制方法。在本研究中,设计了PI - PR迟滞控制器的控制策略,并对其在DVR中的实现进行了对比分析。针对中电压设计了PI - PR控制策略,针对低电压设计了迟滞控制策略。
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引用次数: 8
Control of Modified Switched Reluctance Motor for EV Applications 电动汽车用改进型开关磁阻电机的控制
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854830
B. H. Kumar, P. Reddy, N. Naik, M. Tharun, K. Nagaraj, N. Babu
Environmental pollution and energy shortages are increasingly an issue due to the large number of main stream automobiles with internal combustion engines (ICEs). Electric vehicles (EV) are a great way to save resources and deliver zero-emission automobiles by limiting the energy source. As a result, it is critical to choose the right one. Many types of electric motors have been tested and assessed for electric vehicles in recent decades. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are now garnering scientific interest due to their numerous benefits. Because their windage and friction losses are equivalent, they run at a higher overall efficiency than an induction motor with the same rating. Due to the machine's dual salient construction and sequential excitation, torque pulsations are a natural feature of SRMs. In this work, by altering the SRM by adding a stator that looks like a switching reluctance motor's stator and a rotor that looks like a Brushless DC Motor's rotor makes a hybrid motor. This hybrid motor gives better speed range; lower current ripple and lower torque ripple there by reducing machine vibrations by comparing SRM motor. By using MATLAB software, the system has been verified.
由于主流汽车大量使用内燃机,环境污染和能源短缺问题日益突出。电动汽车(EV)是通过限制能源来节省资源和提供零排放汽车的好方法。因此,选择一个合适的是至关重要的。近几十年来,许多类型的电动机已经被测试和评估用于电动汽车。开关磁阻电机(SRMs)由于其众多的优点而引起了科学界的兴趣。因为他们的风阻和摩擦损失是相等的,他们运行在一个更高的整体效率比感应电机具有相同的额定值。由于机器的双凸极结构和顺序激励,转矩脉动是srm的自然特征。在这项工作中,通过增加一个看起来像开关磁阻电机定子的定子和一个看起来像无刷直流电机转子的转子来改变SRM,制成了一个混合电机。这种混合动力电机提供更好的速度范围;通过比较SRM电机减少机器振动,降低电流脉动和转矩脉动。利用MATLAB软件对系统进行了验证。
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引用次数: 12
Implementation of Code Tracking Loop using Narrow Correlator for GNSS 基于窄相关器的GNSS代码跟踪环路实现
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854845
D. Sony, D. Reddy, J. B. Farheen
The GNSS receiver processes the information transmitted by the satellites to decode the navigation message. The signals contain the spreaded code modulated with a high frequency carrier wave and to get the navigation data, the processing block needs to accurately tracks the phase of the incoming signal. Usually a delay lock loop with early-late spacing of 1-chip is used at code tracking stage but to have more precise tracking a narrow correlator is used which tracks with 0.1 chip accuracy. In this paper first basic working of code tracking loop is discussed, then the significance of narrow correlator is briefed. This paper focuses on the simulation results of both standard normal correlator and the designed narrow correlator. The design and simulation of code tracking loop is carried out in Xilinx ISE platform.
GNSS接收机对卫星传送的信息进行处理,解码导航电文。该信号包含由高频载波调制的扩展码,为了获得导航数据,处理模块需要准确地跟踪输入信号的相位。通常在代码跟踪阶段使用早晚间距为1芯片的延迟锁环,但为了更精确地跟踪,使用了以0.1芯片精度跟踪的窄相关器。本文首先讨论了码跟踪环路的基本工作原理,然后简要介绍了窄相关器的意义。本文重点介绍了标准正常相关器和设计的窄相关器的仿真结果。在赛灵思ISE平台上进行了代码跟踪回路的设计与仿真。
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引用次数: 1
A Comparative Study of Classifying English News Articles Using Machine Learning Algorithms 基于机器学习算法的英语新闻分类比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854832
N. Disayiram, R. Rupasingha
Mainly news helps people to identify, what happened around them. News is imperative as a social gathering space as well, subsequently, daily papers either online or physical put an accentuation on news. Most people use news websites nowadays. Every newsreader has a preferable news category and not all readers are read all the categories of news. It is different from person to person. Therefore, the category of news is very important. It is very hard to get all the news from one news website. Sometimes it may not have the category who is searching for. To overcome these issues classification techniques are used to classify the news articles. This English news classification method aims to extract news articles from a variety of online news sites and classify them based on their domain categories such as business, health, politics, technology, and sports. The datasets are converted into machine trainable format by using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) techniques. The different classification algorithms are applied to the training and testing dataset to create a model and then classify the news articles based on their relevant categories. The five individual classifications algorithms such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. Among them, SVM shows better results. When combining these five algorithms using the Ensemble Learning method, it shows a better accuracy result 92.75% with the lowest error rate than individual algorithms to predict the news articles based on their category.
新闻主要是帮助人们识别周围发生的事情。新闻作为一个社交空间也是必不可少的,因此,无论是在线还是实体的日报都强调新闻。现在大多数人都使用新闻网站。每个新闻阅读器都有自己喜欢的新闻类别,并不是所有的阅读器都能阅读所有类别的新闻。这是因人而异的。因此,新闻的范畴是非常重要的。从一个新闻网站获取所有的新闻是非常困难的。有时它可能没有搜索对象的类别。为了克服这些问题,使用分类技术对新闻文章进行分类。这种英语新闻分类方法旨在从各种在线新闻网站中提取新闻文章,并根据其领域类别(如商业、健康、政治、技术和体育)对其进行分类。采用术语频率-逆文档频率(TF-IDF)技术将数据集转换为机器可训练的格式。将不同的分类算法应用于训练和测试数据集,创建模型,然后根据相关类别对新闻文章进行分类。采用决策树、随机森林、Naïve贝叶斯、多层感知器(MLP)和支持向量机(SVM)五种分类算法。其中,SVM表现出较好的效果。当使用集成学习方法将这五种算法组合在一起时,根据分类预测新闻文章的准确率为92.75%,错误率最低。
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引用次数: 2
Control of Interfaced Converters with Various Levels of PV Penetration into the Grid: A Case Study 不同光伏入网水平的接口变流器控制:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854841
Ramu Srikakulapu, G. Sanjay Kumar, P. Joanna Parimala, G. Charan kumar
The regulation of interfaced converters with the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power grid with penetration effect is the subject of this article. Various amounts of RES penetration into the grid are used to present a suitable outcome of this investigation. The simulation findings for grid integration with varying levels of PV penetration are presented. A maximum PV penetration of 50% of peak demand is modelled, with a minimum of 10%. This project examines a variety of faults, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Two controllers are employed in the control process, one for boost converter with maximum power point tracking and the other for VSC controller. The VSC controller regulates the DC voltage. Inner and outer loops exist in the VSC controller. The current is controlled by the inner loop, while the DC voltage is controlled by the outside loop. With these future scenarios in mind, this paper presents existing solutions as well as new and future options to solve these concerns.
具有渗透效应的可再生能源并网接口变流器的调控是本文研究的主题。利用不同数量的RES渗透到网格中来提出本调查的适当结果。给出了不同光伏渗透水平下电网整合的仿真结果。最大光伏渗透率为峰值需求的50%,最小渗透率为10%。这个项目检查了各种各样的断层,包括对称和非对称断层。在控制过程中采用了两个控制器,一个用于最大功率点跟踪的升压变换器,另一个用于VSC控制器。VSC控制器调节直流电压。VSC控制器中存在内环和外环。电流由内环控制,直流电压由外环控制。考虑到这些未来的场景,本文提出了现有的解决方案以及解决这些问题的新的和未来的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Stable Gain With Frequency Selective Surface in Planar and Conformal Structure: For Radome Application 平面共形结构中具有频率选择表面的稳定增益:用于天线罩
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854836
Sanjeeta Dhegaya, Lavi Tanwar
With the increase of complexity in the filter design for the structure related to the airborne platform it is best to opt for the simple solution. Thus, in this paper performance of the antenna with the stable gain for the airborne platform is analyzed when frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are inserted as a band-pass filter, both for planar and conformal structure. The analysis is performed keeping in mind the radome application. Unit cell analysis is performed using floquet boundary in CST software. Surface current distribution and s-parameters of the frequency selective surface (FSS) is observed. Designed unit cell FSS presents good angular stability and is polarization independent. Additionally, the frequency selective surface element is replicated on the planar and conformal structure as 3×3 FSS element array to observe the gain of the antenna with FSS as a performance parameter by simulating through a horn antenna. For observing the effectiveness of the filter throughout the frequency band of interest, the Insertion loss and gain of the antenna with FSS are analyzed. Comparative performance analysis at a normal incidence angle of an antenna with and without FSS structure in terms of a gain parameter is presented.
随着机载平台相关结构滤波器设计复杂性的增加,最好选择简单的解决方案。因此,本文分析了在平面结构和共形结构中插入频率选择面作为带通滤波器时机载平台稳定增益天线的性能。分析是在考虑天线罩应用的情况下进行的。在CST软件中使用floquet边界进行单元胞分析。观察了频率选择表面(FSS)的表面电流分布和s参数。设计的单胞FSS具有良好的角稳定性和极化无关性。另外,在平面共形结构上复制频率选择表面单元为3×3 FSS单元阵列,通过喇叭天线模拟观察以FSS为性能参数的天线增益。为了观察滤波器在整个目标频带内的有效性,分析了带FSS天线的插入损耗和增益。从增益参数的角度比较分析了带FSS结构和不带FSS结构的天线在法向入射角下的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal Mix and allocation of Solar and Wind Energy Sources in Active Distribution System Using Jaya Optimization Algorithm 基于Jaya优化算法的主动式配电系统中太阳能和风能的最优组合与分配
Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1109/TEECCON54414.2022.9854843
Prasanth Venkatareddy, K. Sambaiah, Samanvita N
Attaining optimal long-term benefits with suitable distributed generation (DG) allocation in power distribution networks remains a major challenge. Because improper DG allocation has a negative impact on the power distribution network. The current research presents a unique metaheuristic optimization approach for resolving allocation of renewable source allocation in power distribution network. The present algorithm effectively developed on a real-world Indian 28-bus network to deploy wind and solar generation for pursuing technical benefits such as minimization of power loss and voltage deviation. The current method's simulation results are compared to those reported in the literature and determined to be superior.
在配电网中合理分配分布式发电(DG)以获得最佳的长期效益仍然是一个重大挑战。因为DG分配不当会对配电网产生负面影响。本文提出了一种独特的解决配电网可再生能源分配问题的元启发式优化方法。目前的算法有效地开发了一个真实的印度28总线网络,以部署风能和太阳能发电,以追求技术效益,如最大限度地减少功率损耗和电压偏差。将当前方法的模拟结果与文献报道的结果进行比较,确定其优越性。
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引用次数: 0
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2022 Trends in Electrical, Electronics, Computer Engineering Conference (TEECCON)
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