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The Political Economy of the Dream Act and the Legislative Process: A Case Study of Comprehensive Immigration Reform 梦想法案的政治经济学与立法过程:以全面移民改革为例
Pub Date : 2010-02-16 DOI: 10.18574/NYU/9780814762448.003.0004
M. Olivas
Many developments have kept the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act and the issue of undocumented college students in the news and on federal and state legislative agendas. Who would have thought that presidential candidates would be debating the issue, as they did in the Republican primaries of 2007 and 2008? Especially coming on the heels of a near-miss months earlier, when the bill almost passed in the Senate, the topic is one that has all the earmarks of an agenda-building subject, situated in the complex and treacherous context of 21st century U.S. domestic politics, especially those of comprehensive immigration reform. Inasmuch as this subset of much larger immigration, higher education, and tuition policies commands recurrent attention, DREAM Act politics is a useful bellwether for observers of these domains. This article updates and amplifies upon several earlier studies of the DREAM Act and the general topic of undocumented college residency, and to a great extent, reveals the difficulty inherent in conducting research upon pending legislation, especially one that is so fluid and so imbedded in a larger, systemic regime. Part One includes the background for the DREAM Act, at the state and federal level, including the extensive litigation and legal developments, as well as the several state DREAM Acts and other related issues concerning college residency and tuition. Part Two reviews the federal DREAM Act, and its failure to gain traction in its 2007 U.S. Senate vote. Part Three considers the politics of immigration reform that is the backdrop for these developments, and the Conclusion assesses the prospects for enactment of the legislation, either as a standalone statute or, more likely, as one of many components in the larger comprehensive immigration reform efforts. Considering how small this undocumented college student population is in the larger scheme of things, never more than 50,000 or 60,000 by any estimates, this extensive state and national legislative history reveals a surprising degree of attention in the polity and within U.S. legislative arenas. Nonetheless, it has not been able to stand on its own legs, and the odds have grown longer against its eventual enactment as a separate legislative program.
许多事态的发展使得《外籍未成年人发展、救济和教育法案》(DREAM Act)和无证大学生问题成为新闻和联邦及州立法议程的焦点。谁能想到总统候选人会像2007年和2008年共和党初选时那样,就这个问题展开辩论呢?几个月前,该法案险些在参议院获得通过。在21世纪美国国内政治复杂而危险的背景下,尤其是在全面移民改革的背景下,这个话题是一个具有议程建设主题所有特征的话题。由于这个更大的移民、高等教育和学费政策的子集引起了人们的反复关注,梦想法案政治对这些领域的观察者来说是一个有用的领头羊。这篇文章更新和扩大了之前对DREAM法案和无证大学居住权的研究,在很大程度上揭示了对未决立法进行研究的内在困难,尤其是对一个如此不稳定、如此植根于一个更大的系统性制度的立法进行研究。第一部分包括《梦想法案》的背景,在州和联邦层面,包括广泛的诉讼和法律发展,以及几个州的《梦想法案》和其他有关大学住宿和学费的相关问题。第二部分回顾了联邦梦想法案,以及该法案在2007年美国参议院投票中未能获得支持。第三部分考虑了移民改革的政治,这是这些发展的背景,结论部分评估了立法颁布的前景,无论是作为一个独立的法规,还是更有可能作为更大的综合移民改革努力的许多组成部分之一。考虑到这些未登记的大学生人数在更大的计划中是多么的小,据任何估计都不会超过5万或6万,这一广泛的州和国家立法历史揭示了美国政治和立法领域令人惊讶的关注程度。尽管如此,它还不能独立存在,而且最终作为一个独立的立法项目颁布的可能性也越来越大。
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引用次数: 37
Cable Television's New Legal Universe: Early Judicial Response to the Cable Act 有线电视的新法律领域:对有线电视法案的早期司法回应
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1604645
M. Meyerson
On October 29, 1984, a new era began in the relationship between law and cable television. On that day, the first major law regulation cable television, the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984,was signed into law.Early judicial attempts to interpret the Cable Act revealed the difficulties judges had with understanding the new legal regimen. A common thread running through these varied cases, if any, was the courts' apparent lack of appreciation of the Act's complexity. Many, though not all, decisions appear to misread congressional language and misinterpret congressional intent. The first part of this Article will discuss this problem in regard to issues common to all sections of the Cable Act: the purposes of the Act, retroactivity and grandfathering, and the constitutionality of cable regulation. The second part of the Article will discuss judicial interpretation of specific sections of the Cable Act: rate regulation, modification, tenants' access to cable television and cable piracy.
1984年10月29日,法律和有线电视之间的关系开启了一个新时代。在那一天,第一部主要的有线电视监管法律——《1984年有线电视通信政策法案》签署成为法律。早期解释《电报法》的司法尝试揭示了法官在理解新的法律制度时遇到的困难。如果有的话,贯穿这些不同案件的一个共同点是,法院显然缺乏对该法复杂性的认识。许多(尽管不是全部)决定似乎误读了国会的语言,误解了国会的意图。本文的第一部分将讨论这一问题,涉及《电缆法》所有章节的共同问题:《电缆法》的目的、溯及力和祖父性,以及电缆监管的合宪性。文章的第二部分将讨论《有线电视法》中具体章节的司法解释:费率调节、修改、租户获取有线电视和有线盗版。
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引用次数: 0
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LSN: Legislative & Political Process (Topic)
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