M. Zaidi, N. Ahfir, A. Alem, B. Mansouri, Huaqing Wang
In semi-arid regions, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is seen as an efficient solution among others for protecting groundwater resources. Clogging is one of the major issues that can reduce the durability of recharge facilities. As a consequence of clogging of soils by suspended matter, permeability, and porosity, and therefore exchange between surface water and groundwater are reduced. To our knowledge, few researchers have studied the mechanism of clogging of the MAR in a semi-arid region according to hydrologic conditions of the field. The main objective of the present work is to study the clogging process of recharge sites in a semi-arid region (Wadi El Himmer, Morocco). These recharge sites consist of a “Percolation Tank” and “Recharge Releases”, which retard and distribute the flow to facilitate infiltration into a saturated zone. Field measurements are conducted to quantify the thickness of the surface deposits (cake) according to precipitation at different recharge sites. To realize these measurements, wooden pickets were implanted at different locations of the recharge sites. After 12 weeks of exposure to hydro-meteorological conditions, the thickness of the deposited (suspended matter) layer was measured on each picket. In order to facilitate the interpretation of results, the kriging method was used to interpolate obtained measurements. A significant variation in cake thickness was observed at each recharge site following the flow direction. The layer deposited is mainly dominated by red clays and silts. These results prompted us to investigate the impact of these deposits on the deep clogging.
在半干旱地区，管理含水层补给(MAR)被视为保护地下水资源的有效解决方案之一。堵塞是降低充电设施耐久性的主要问题之一。由于土壤被悬浮物堵塞，渗透性和孔隙度降低，因此地表水和地下水之间的交换减少。据我们所知，很少有研究人员从野外水文条件出发，研究半干旱区旱地湿地的堵塞机理。本工作的主要目的是研究半干旱区(Wadi El Himmer，摩洛哥)补给点的堵塞过程。这些补给点由“渗滤池”和“补给放放点”组成，它们延缓和分配水流，以促进渗透到饱和区。根据不同补给点的降水，进行了现场测量，以量化地表沉积物(饼)的厚度。为了实现这些测量，在补给点的不同位置植入了木制纠察桩。在水文气象条件下暴露12周后，测量每个桩上沉积(悬浮物)层的厚度。为了便于结果的解释，采用克里格法对得到的测量值进行插值。沿流动方向，各补给点的滤饼厚度变化显著。沉积层以红粘土和粉砂为主。这些结果促使我们研究这些沉积物对深层堵塞的影响。
{"title":"STUDY OF THE CLOGGING PROCESS IN A SEMI-ARID REGION: WADI EL HIMMER, MOROCCO","authors":"M. Zaidi, N. Ahfir, A. Alem, B. Mansouri, Huaqing Wang","doi":"10.2495/WRM190151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM190151","url":null,"abstract":"In semi-arid regions, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is seen as an efficient solution among others for protecting groundwater resources. Clogging is one of the major issues that can reduce the durability of recharge facilities. As a consequence of clogging of soils by suspended matter, permeability, and porosity, and therefore exchange between surface water and groundwater are reduced. To our knowledge, few researchers have studied the mechanism of clogging of the MAR in a semi-arid region according to hydrologic conditions of the field. The main objective of the present work is to study the clogging process of recharge sites in a semi-arid region (Wadi El Himmer, Morocco). These recharge sites consist of a “Percolation Tank” and “Recharge Releases”, which retard and distribute the flow to facilitate infiltration into a saturated zone. Field measurements are conducted to quantify the thickness of the surface deposits (cake) according to precipitation at different recharge sites. To realize these measurements, wooden pickets were implanted at different locations of the recharge sites. After 12 weeks of exposure to hydro-meteorological conditions, the thickness of the deposited (suspended matter) layer was measured on each picket. In order to facilitate the interpretation of results, the kriging method was used to interpolate obtained measurements. A significant variation in cake thickness was observed at each recharge site following the flow direction. The layer deposited is mainly dominated by red clays and silts. These results prompted us to investigate the impact of these deposits on the deep clogging.","PeriodicalId":252733,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Management X","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fernández-Mejuto, J. M. Andreu, C. Pla, J. Valdés-Abellán
This work has been carried out within the framework of the ALTERACLIM project (CGL2015-69773-C2-1) financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.
{"title":"ASSESSING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN TWO SITES WITH DIFFERENT CLIMATES IN THE ALICANTE REGION OF SOUTH-EAST SPAIN","authors":"M. Fernández-Mejuto, J. M. Andreu, C. Pla, J. Valdés-Abellán","doi":"10.2495/WRM190121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM190121","url":null,"abstract":"This work has been carried out within the framework of the ALTERACLIM project (CGL2015-69773-C2-1) financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":252733,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Management X","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jodar-Abellan, Patricia Fernández-Aracil, J. Moreno
This work was partially supported by the project Life Empore (Life15 ENV/ES/000598) coordinated by the University of Alicante and by the project Asesoramiento y Asistencia Cientifico-Tecnica en la elaboracion del Plan de Accion Territorial de Alicante y Elche coordinated by the UTE Cercle and Jornet Llop Pastor companies and the University of Alicante. In the same way, this work has been conducted within the Catedra del Agua of the University of Alicante (https://catedradelaguaua.org/).
这项工作得到了由阿利坎特大学协调的Life Empore项目(Life15 ENV/ES/000598)和由UTE cycle和Jornet lop Pastor公司以及阿利坎特大学协调的阿利坎特和埃尔切省科学技术援助项目(Asesoramiento and assist science - tecnica and Plan de acion Territorial de Alicante and Elche)的支持。以同样的方式，这项工作在阿利坎特大学的Catedra del Agua (https://catedradelaguaua.org/)内进行。
{"title":"INTEGRATED MODEL TO MANAGE WATER SCARCITY IN HIGHLY COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF SOUTH-EAST SPAIN","authors":"A. Jodar-Abellan, Patricia Fernández-Aracil, J. Moreno","doi":"10.2495/WRM190051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM190051","url":null,"abstract":"This work was partially supported by the project Life Empore (Life15 ENV/ES/000598) coordinated by the University of Alicante and by the project Asesoramiento y Asistencia Cientifico-Tecnica en la elaboracion del Plan de Accion Territorial de Alicante y Elche coordinated by the UTE Cercle and Jornet Llop Pastor companies and the University of Alicante. In the same way, this work has been conducted within the Catedra del Agua of the University of Alicante (https://catedradelaguaua.org/).","PeriodicalId":252733,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Management X","volume":"33 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131490462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for water resources currently demands the development of measures to improve the management of these resources and increase their availability. However, these measures have an environmental impact that must be considered when carrying them out. The Water Framework Directive establishes that the economic and environmental costs of the activities carried out must be recovered, because this is necessary to ensure the sustainability of these activities and the continuity in the use of natural resources. The purification and reuse of wastewater is an activity within the framework of the circular economy that intends to reduce the environmental impact of contaminated water discharges and to increase the available resources. The problem is that this activity, being part of the production process, is linked to an environmental impact due to the use of chemical components, the construction of the facilities and, especially, the intensive energy consumption of the purification stations, since part of the energy comes from non-renewable sources. This environmental impact must be internalized in the cost structures through additional measures to mitigate it, so the objective of this paper is to determine the state of such internalization. Analyzing the costs of purification stations, the annual report of the EPSAR (Public Entity for Wastewater Sanitation of the Valencian Community) and the reports of the Hydrographic Confederations of Júcar and Segura, we can determine that there is no internalization in the stations, it is low in the EPSAR but increasing with time and for the Confederations the situation is complicated, as they cannot even recover their financial costs and the creation of several additional measures has been suspended. Finally, it has been found that there are economies of scale in terms of energy consumption of this activity, as well as significant potential energy savings during the purification process.
{"title":"INTERNALIZATION ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE VALENCIAN COMMUNITY, SPAIN","authors":"M. López, B. Sanz, J. Moreno","doi":"10.2495/WRM190061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM190061","url":null,"abstract":"The need for water resources currently demands the development of measures to improve the management of these resources and increase their availability. However, these measures have an environmental impact that must be considered when carrying them out. The Water Framework Directive establishes that the economic and environmental costs of the activities carried out must be recovered, because this is necessary to ensure the sustainability of these activities and the continuity in the use of natural resources. The purification and reuse of wastewater is an activity within the framework of the circular economy that intends to reduce the environmental impact of contaminated water discharges and to increase the available resources. The problem is that this activity, being part of the production process, is linked to an environmental impact due to the use of chemical components, the construction of the facilities and, especially, the intensive energy consumption of the purification stations, since part of the energy comes from non-renewable sources. This environmental impact must be internalized in the cost structures through additional measures to mitigate it, so the objective of this paper is to determine the state of such internalization. Analyzing the costs of purification stations, the annual report of the EPSAR (Public Entity for Wastewater Sanitation of the Valencian Community) and the reports of the Hydrographic Confederations of Júcar and Segura, we can determine that there is no internalization in the stations, it is low in the EPSAR but increasing with time and for the Confederations the situation is complicated, as they cannot even recover their financial costs and the creation of several additional measures has been suspended. Finally, it has been found that there are economies of scale in terms of energy consumption of this activity, as well as significant potential energy savings during the purification process.","PeriodicalId":252733,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Management X","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123550863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thibault Mercier, A. Dembélé, T. Denoeux, P. Blanc
Wastewater treatment is a significant environmental challenge. It is also an economic challenge for all operators, who face more and more demanding national and supranational regulations. Optimizing wastewater treatment processes requires physical, biological and chemical models with various degrees of complexity. From an operational perspective, programmable logic controllers are generally used. Those controllers follow strategies implemented by technicians with various degrees of expertise. This may lead to overor under-aeration, which can be very costly. Commonly used strategies are mostly based on business rules and expert guidelines, which do not necessarily consider specific operating conditions. In this study, focused on the aeration process, a machine learning approach is applied to predict the daily operating time of aerators. Two types of models, according to the data considered, have been evaluated. The first model considers only the operation data as explanatory variables (pollutant concentrations and inflow), while the second model includes exogenous weather data (temperature, hygrometry, rainfall depth). The best model reaches a mean error less than 1%.
{"title":"MACHINE LEARNING AS A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION","authors":"Thibault Mercier, A. Dembélé, T. Denoeux, P. Blanc","doi":"10.2495/WRM190101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WRM190101","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment is a significant environmental challenge. It is also an economic challenge for all operators, who face more and more demanding national and supranational regulations. Optimizing wastewater treatment processes requires physical, biological and chemical models with various degrees of complexity. From an operational perspective, programmable logic controllers are generally used. Those controllers follow strategies implemented by technicians with various degrees of expertise. This may lead to overor under-aeration, which can be very costly. Commonly used strategies are mostly based on business rules and expert guidelines, which do not necessarily consider specific operating conditions. In this study, focused on the aeration process, a machine learning approach is applied to predict the daily operating time of aerators. Two types of models, according to the data considered, have been evaluated. The first model considers only the operation data as explanatory variables (pollutant concentrations and inflow), while the second model includes exogenous weather data (temperature, hygrometry, rainfall depth). The best model reaches a mean error less than 1%.","PeriodicalId":252733,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Management X","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129305797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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