Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539634
Jiashu Yang, K. Tong
This work presents a surface wave antenna metallic pattern prediction from electric field in near-field by applying Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit neural network prediction model. The metallic pattern of the proposed antenna has been predicted by using Bi-GRU neural network model with prediction accuracy 100% at 34.5GHz. Different uniform mark-space-ratios (MSR) of the metallic pattern do not affect the metallic pattern prediction accuracy.
{"title":"Metallic Pattern Prediction For Surface Wave Antennas Using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network","authors":"Jiashu Yang, K. Tong","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539634","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a surface wave antenna metallic pattern prediction from electric field in near-field by applying Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit neural network prediction model. The metallic pattern of the proposed antenna has been predicted by using Bi-GRU neural network model with prediction accuracy 100% at 34.5GHz. Different uniform mark-space-ratios (MSR) of the metallic pattern do not affect the metallic pattern prediction accuracy.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121089221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539646
Y. Li, J. P. Santos, Yuanxun Ethan Wang
Increasing requirements of RF systems necessitate more robust and scalable wireless communications especially as the radio spectrum becomes much more occupied. A solution to this bandwidth predicament is an often-known technique utilizing simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) components and systems. Such STAR systems implementation is difficult due to the high RF transmit power levels which leak into the receiver system, producing strong interference. Conventionally, circulators are used, but often do not provide enough isolation to sufficiently improve receiver sensitivity with a co-located transmitter and are bulky.
{"title":"Ultra-Wide Band Circulators for STAR Communications through Sequentially Switched Delayed Lines towards low losses","authors":"Y. Li, J. P. Santos, Yuanxun Ethan Wang","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539646","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing requirements of RF systems necessitate more robust and scalable wireless communications especially as the radio spectrum becomes much more occupied. A solution to this bandwidth predicament is an often-known technique utilizing simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) components and systems. Such STAR systems implementation is difficult due to the high RF transmit power levels which leak into the receiver system, producing strong interference. Conventionally, circulators are used, but often do not provide enough isolation to sufficiently improve receiver sensitivity with a co-located transmitter and are bulky.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126037384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539540
M. Khatun, Changyu Guo, H. Mehrpouyan
This paper presents indoor penetration and reflection characteristics of common building materials at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. These channel properties are carefully studied at 60, 71, and 81 GHz using a narrow-band signal with directional horn antennas. We measured the reflection coefficients at these high frequencies with varying incident angles to the surface of a material. Average penetration loss of material is also studied based on antenna polarization effects (co-polarization and cross-polarization) at 73 GHz channel. Materials include drywall and plywood for these channel characteristics in an indoor lab environment. It is found that the co-polarization has a higher path gain of 45.4 dB in the line-of-sight (LOS) scenario as compared to cross-polarization for the 73 GHz channel. Moreover, average penetration loss of plywood is slightly increased for cross-polarization (8.96 dB/cm) as compared to the co-polarization antenna (8.10 dB/cm) penetration loss. Results show that reflection coefficients, |Γ⊥| are stronger at higher frequencies, and the range of |Γ⊥| varies from 0.38 to 0.83 with impinging direction (i.e., to the surface of drywall) for 20° to 60°, respectively, in the 81 GHz channel.
{"title":"Penetration and Reflection Characteristics in Millimeter-Wave Indoor Channels","authors":"M. Khatun, Changyu Guo, H. Mehrpouyan","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539540","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents indoor penetration and reflection characteristics of common building materials at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. These channel properties are carefully studied at 60, 71, and 81 GHz using a narrow-band signal with directional horn antennas. We measured the reflection coefficients at these high frequencies with varying incident angles to the surface of a material. Average penetration loss of material is also studied based on antenna polarization effects (co-polarization and cross-polarization) at 73 GHz channel. Materials include drywall and plywood for these channel characteristics in an indoor lab environment. It is found that the co-polarization has a higher path gain of 45.4 dB in the line-of-sight (LOS) scenario as compared to cross-polarization for the 73 GHz channel. Moreover, average penetration loss of plywood is slightly increased for cross-polarization (8.96 dB/cm) as compared to the co-polarization antenna (8.10 dB/cm) penetration loss. Results show that reflection coefficients, |Γ⊥| are stronger at higher frequencies, and the range of |Γ⊥| varies from 0.38 to 0.83 with impinging direction (i.e., to the surface of drywall) for 20° to 60°, respectively, in the 81 GHz channel.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539718
R. Buckley, R. Heath
Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is the use of radio signals for both the transfer of energy and information. To enable SWIPT transmissions, receiver architectures often incorporate co-receiver implementations. In this paper, a selective OFDM system is introduced which leverages the OFDM signal structure for energy harvesting.
{"title":"Signal Conditioning and Prototyping for Selective OFDM Systems with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer","authors":"R. Buckley, R. Heath","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539718","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is the use of radio signals for both the transfer of energy and information. To enable SWIPT transmissions, receiver architectures often incorporate co-receiver implementations. In this paper, a selective OFDM system is introduced which leverages the OFDM signal structure for energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539615
K. Noguchi, Fumiya Osaki, Taichi Hamabe
Multi-mode excitation with complementary resonance for radiation resonance is useful for broadbanding of electrically small antennas. Bandwidth of a small antenna with series resonance such as short dipole, small helical and meander line antennas can be expanded by using no-radiation parallel resonance. Another antenna type with parallel resonance like a microstrip antenna (MSA) is also able to get wideband characteristics using series resonance. We have studied compact broadband small antennas with multi-mode excitation and evaluated them in the view point of practical use. In the paper, we will show evaluation results of a miniaturizing factor, product of bandwidth and radiation efficiency ( Bη product), for practical inverted-L antenna (ILA) and MSA.
{"title":"Compact Broadband Antennas with Series and Parallel Resonances","authors":"K. Noguchi, Fumiya Osaki, Taichi Hamabe","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539615","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-mode excitation with complementary resonance for radiation resonance is useful for broadbanding of electrically small antennas. Bandwidth of a small antenna with series resonance such as short dipole, small helical and meander line antennas can be expanded by using no-radiation parallel resonance. Another antenna type with parallel resonance like a microstrip antenna (MSA) is also able to get wideband characteristics using series resonance. We have studied compact broadband small antennas with multi-mode excitation and evaluated them in the view point of practical use. In the paper, we will show evaluation results of a miniaturizing factor, product of bandwidth and radiation efficiency ( Bη product), for practical inverted-L antenna (ILA) and MSA.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"17 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131773301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539770
Sanghoon Lee, Kirti Dhwaj
Self-interference cancellation (SIC) is critical for In-Band Full-Duplexing (IBFD) systems, which facilitate doubling of the spectrum efficiency [1] . Propagation-level SIC methods are especially attractive as they ease the required dynamic range of the receiver (Rx) hardware. While the multi-antenna solutions increase the form factor of transmitter (Tx) – Rx system, the single antenna configurations typically employ expensive and bulky circulators. Polarization-based isolation has been previously shown for a two-antenna system by employing an active-component loaded stub-resonator [2] . However, the design requires multiple-layers of thick substrate to provide both the matching and directivity to the antennas. In addition, the reflections from the stub resonator interfere with the Tx antenna patterns and the distortions produced by the active component propagate through the Rx chain, degrading its sensitivity.
{"title":"Filtering Antenna Approach for In-Band Full-Duplexing Systems","authors":"Sanghoon Lee, Kirti Dhwaj","doi":"10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC52648.2021.9539770","url":null,"abstract":"Self-interference cancellation (SIC) is critical for In-Band Full-Duplexing (IBFD) systems, which facilitate doubling of the spectrum efficiency [1] . Propagation-level SIC methods are especially attractive as they ease the required dynamic range of the receiver (Rx) hardware. While the multi-antenna solutions increase the form factor of transmitter (Tx) – Rx system, the single antenna configurations typically employ expensive and bulky circulators. Polarization-based isolation has been previously shown for a two-antenna system by employing an active-component loaded stub-resonator [2] . However, the design requires multiple-layers of thick substrate to provide both the matching and directivity to the antennas. In addition, the reflections from the stub resonator interfere with the Tx antenna patterns and the distortions produced by the active component propagate through the Rx chain, degrading its sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539523
{"title":"Full Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127214662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539814
Shailendra Kaushal, N. Guan
In this paper a dual polarized beamforming phased array antenna for millimeter wave application has been presented. Aperture coupled antenna is designed with two patches (and two stacked patches or parasitic patches below them) fed by one main line by bifurcating into two parts for these patches. The top patches are bigger compared to stacked patches below them. Under these patches two "I" shape perpendicular slots (of different sizes) has been created in the ground plane for each polarization. One is for horizontal and another for vertical polarization. The designed antenna operates at 28 GHz with peak realized gain around 8.3 dBi over a band of 25 GHz to 29 GHz in vertical polarization and peak gain of 8 dBi for 25.9 to 29 GHz in horizontal polarization. The antenna can be widely operated over the band with isolation between these ports 30 dB.
{"title":"A Dual Polarized Millimeter Wave Phased-Array Antenna","authors":"Shailendra Kaushal, N. Guan","doi":"10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539814","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a dual polarized beamforming phased array antenna for millimeter wave application has been presented. Aperture coupled antenna is designed with two patches (and two stacked patches or parasitic patches below them) fed by one main line by bifurcating into two parts for these patches. The top patches are bigger compared to stacked patches below them. Under these patches two \"I\" shape perpendicular slots (of different sizes) has been created in the ground plane for each polarization. One is for horizontal and another for vertical polarization. The designed antenna operates at 28 GHz with peak realized gain around 8.3 dBi over a band of 25 GHz to 29 GHz in vertical polarization and peak gain of 8 dBi for 25.9 to 29 GHz in horizontal polarization. The antenna can be widely operated over the band with isolation between these ports 30 dB.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130785993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539788
G. R. Friedrichs, M. Elmansouri, D. Filipović
In recent years, access to improved computing resources has contributed to the increased interest in the practical deployment of machine learning (ML) based systems. One area where ML has been considered is direction finding (DF) [1] . Typically, ML approaches for DF utilize preprocessing, or feature extraction. This produces good results, but it requires additional computations which increase the DF estimation time. Conventional DF approaches typically use the correlation method, where the received signal is correlated with pre-saved steering vectors in lookup tables. Some ML-based methods, such as the neural network presented in this work, can maintain a much smaller footprint than the baseline correlation approach, and omit the need for feature extraction. Often, these systems deploy multiple, parallel estimators which individually cover a fraction of the entire field-of-view (FOV), but collectively estimate over the system’s entire region of interest. This work presents a case study to quantify the impact of restricting the field-of-view (FOV) over which each subregion estimator operates.
{"title":"Subregion-Based Machine Learning for Wideband Amplitude-Only Direction-Finding Systems","authors":"G. R. Friedrichs, M. Elmansouri, D. Filipović","doi":"10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539788","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, access to improved computing resources has contributed to the increased interest in the practical deployment of machine learning (ML) based systems. One area where ML has been considered is direction finding (DF) [1] . Typically, ML approaches for DF utilize preprocessing, or feature extraction. This produces good results, but it requires additional computations which increase the DF estimation time. Conventional DF approaches typically use the correlation method, where the received signal is correlated with pre-saved steering vectors in lookup tables. Some ML-based methods, such as the neural network presented in this work, can maintain a much smaller footprint than the baseline correlation approach, and omit the need for feature extraction. Often, these systems deploy multiple, parallel estimators which individually cover a fraction of the entire field-of-view (FOV), but collectively estimate over the system’s entire region of interest. This work presents a case study to quantify the impact of restricting the field-of-view (FOV) over which each subregion estimator operates.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126308674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539739
F. Sheikh, Yamen Zantah, A. Batra, I. Mabrouk, M. Al-Hasan, T. Kaiser
This paper reports the far-distance achievable reflected paths of indoor material groups such as glass, wood, paper , and plastic at frequencies ranging from 270 GHz to 330 GHz. A VNA equipped with ~ 25.45 dBi horn antenna as transceiver is employed to retrieve and evaluate these reflections. The beam spot size illuminated by the horn antenna from a distance of interest to the material under test (MUT) is aforethought and considered during the channel sounding. Thus, approximately 14.4 m long reflections are detected. The knowledge of the reflective properties of indoor building materials is virtuous in terms of facilitating propagation modeling and design of efficient future indoor wireless systems at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The results obtained taking into account the beam spot size are the first ever published.
{"title":"Far-Distance VNA-based Measurements of Indoor Materials at 300 GHz","authors":"F. Sheikh, Yamen Zantah, A. Batra, I. Mabrouk, M. Al-Hasan, T. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apwc52648.2021.9539739","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the far-distance achievable reflected paths of indoor material groups such as glass, wood, paper , and plastic at frequencies ranging from 270 GHz to 330 GHz. A VNA equipped with ~ 25.45 dBi horn antenna as transceiver is employed to retrieve and evaluate these reflections. The beam spot size illuminated by the horn antenna from a distance of interest to the material under test (MUT) is aforethought and considered during the channel sounding. Thus, approximately 14.4 m long reflections are detected. The knowledge of the reflective properties of indoor building materials is virtuous in terms of facilitating propagation modeling and design of efficient future indoor wireless systems at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The results obtained taking into account the beam spot size are the first ever published.","PeriodicalId":253455,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126471809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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