Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Assessment of Dominant Genus in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil from Selected Dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Nelson N. Obaretin, C. Daokoru-Olukole, J. Pondei, E. Fenibo, Philip O. Okerentugba, Herbert O. Stanley, C. D. Onwukwe","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8589","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination distorts and diminishes microbial diversity due to their inhibitory effects on bacteria, resulting in the elimination of susceptible bacteria and the proliferation of resistant strains, which eventually become dominant. Consequently, this study seeks to characterize the dominant bacteria (RCBBR_B37 and RCBBR_B38) isolated from soil at a dump site contaminated with heavy metals. DNA extraction from the isolates was performed using the Zymo Quick DNA Fungal/Bacterial Kit, and the purity of the extracted DNA was assessed using a NanoDrop 2000c spectrophotometer. Gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of DNA bands, including a control band. Subsequently, PCR amplification using 27F and 1492R complementary primers was carried out on the extracted DNA. The PCR products underwent sequence analysis followed by BLAST search in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the BLAST results. Isolate RCBBR_B37 exhibited a 98% similarity index to Bacillus fungorum, while RCBBR_B38 showed a 97% similarity index to Bacillus paramycoides. The prevailing presence of Bacillus in heavy metal contaminated dumpsite is a signature, representing the difference mechanisms of microbial interaction for heavy metals amelioration, including but not limited to bioaccumulation, sequestration, redox transformation, neutralization, metabolization, and detoxification.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"54 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Morbidity in the State of Hidalgo, is There Correlation with Climate Change?","authors":"Josefina Reynoso Vázquez, Rosa Isela Barrera Cortés, Oliva Castro Tenorio, Viridiana Vázquez Morales, Leonardo Daniel Trujillo Mancera, Alfonso Reyes Garnica, Jesús Carlos Ruvacaba Ledezma","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8586","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is a contagious infection of viral origin; every year, it causes a high disease burden, due to the epidemics it instigates throughout the world. In Mexico, pneumonia and influenza are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. From the time of the Greek philosophers, diseases were attributed to the climatic changes. The WHO Early Warning System notes the influence of climatic that variation for influenza epidemic risk is moderate for. \u0000Objective: Determine if there is correlation between the minimum temperatures recorded in the state of Hidalgo, and the influenza cases reported during 2014, 2015 and 2016. \u0000Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was done, which was of transversal and correlational character which conducted a review of data Automated Unified System for Epidemiological Surveillance (SUAVE 2014-2016) and in Mexico Weather Report National Weather Service performed (2014-2016). \u0000Results and Conclusions: According to the statistical analysis, it was concluded that in 2014 (Sig = 0.001) and 2015 (Sig. = 0.00) there is a correlation between the minimum temperatures recorded and the number of reported cases of influenza.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Senna alata Extract on Hematology and Histopathology of Juvenile of Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Essien-Ibok, M. A., G. U. U., Ajayi, O. O., Okokon, P.","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sheds light on the mechanism of action, potential effects and implication of Senna alata on fish health and ecosystem. Senna alata is renowned for its medicinal properties and ornamental value but is also recognized for its potential toxicity, particularly to aquatic organisms Understanding the toxicity of Senna alata to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings is essential for sustainable aquaculture practices and environmental conservation efforts. 250 juveniles of C. gariepinus were procured from E. I farm Limited in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Water quality tests were carried out to ensure that optimum water conditions were maintained and that the results obtained were solely due to the effects of the treatments (toxicants) on the fish samples. Chronic toxicity bioassay was done to determine the toxicity of the extract on the blood parameters and tissues of sensitive organs of the exposed fish. The bioassay was designed to be intermediate termed chronic test with 14 days exposure using sub-lethal concentrations of the treatment (0.0gm/, 0.18mg/L, 0.27mg/L. 0.4mg/L, 0.60mg/L, 0.90mg/L). Toxicology dose response (fish mortality) was subjected to detailed analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Senna alata exerted a toxic effect on the fish in the present study and toxicity increased with increased concentration. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to Senna alata on the physiological and cellular integrity of the fish. Intriguingly, the absence of pathological changes in the control groups suggests a distinct response attributable to the treatment. This highlights the importance of continued monitoring and assessment of the impacts of Senna alata on aquatic organisms and ecosystem, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term consequences.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"48 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Water Exchange Processes between Groundwater and Surface Water in the Usangu Plains, Tanzania","authors":"Sahinkuye Thomas, Silungwe Festo Richard, Tarimo K.P.R. Andrew, Kashaigili J. Japhet, Mbungu Winfred","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8584","url":null,"abstract":"The groundwater and surface water interface has been proved evident by the existence of effluent and influent streams. Still, the irrigation sector in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania included, is predominantly using surface water and groundwater conjunctively without a clear understanding of the contribution of each of the two water sources. This study was conducted to analyze the water exchange processes between groundwater and surface water in the Usangu Plains. Constrained by data scarcity in the study area, only three hydrograph separation techniques (Sliding interval, Fixed interval, and Local minimum) of the Baseflow Index model third version (BFI+ 3.0) were used. These techniques were applied to estimate baseflow, surface runoff and baseflow indices using river discharge data from six gauging stations across six different rivers. Further, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used for trend analysis of the long-term time series baseflow index. Results indicate that the groundwater-surface water interaction exists and the baseflow contributes substantially to the sustainable river flows in the Usangu Plains during both dry and wet seasons. Except for the Great Ruaha River at Msembe, the other five rivers manifested a great reliance on the baseflow with more than 90% of it in the river flows. The MK test revealed that at annual, wet, and dry season scale there are statistically non-significant increasing and decreasing trends in the baseflows. Land and water management strategies such as water allocation measures, sound water usage practices and afforestation may be better approaches to counteract the declines of water flows in rivers of the Usangu Plains, especially in the dry season.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Natural Resource Conservation and Disaster Management in Flood Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Chennai Flood","authors":"M. Vijay","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7567","url":null,"abstract":"Chennai the capital city of Tamil Nadu and the southernmost state of India recently got hit by cyclone Michaung, and the impact caused by the cyclone resulted in heavy rainfall. Due to global warming, the impacts of climate change have negative effects on the environment. Though Cyclones and heavy rainfall are natural disasters, the heavy floods that affect the regular lives of the Chennai people are due to inefficient disaster management. People in Chennai faced severe damage to their properties and challenges for their survival, and they almost experienced a man-made disaster. Another main factor is that natural water bodies like rivers, lakes, and ponds are under tremendous pressure due to illegal encroachments and need effective measures for their rejuvenation. This paper emphasises the importance of natural resources and disaster management which will lead to sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Seepage in an Embankment Dam Using Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic and Geoelectrical Methods","authors":"Akinlabi I. A., Olanrewaju S. A.","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7568","url":null,"abstract":"Geoephysical surveys involving Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM), Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D resistivity imaging were conducted along the embankment of Asejire dam to detect potential seepage zones and assess the integrity of the dam. 750 VLF-EM measurements were made at 10 m station interval using the VLF-EM Equipment. 24 Schlumberger VES were conducted at 20 m interval using resistivity meter and its accessories. The current electrode spacing (AB/2) was varied from 1 m to 100 m. The 2D resistivity profiling employed the dipole-dipole configuration with electrode spacing, a = 20 m and expansion factor, n = 1 - 5. The VLF-EM data were processed and modelled using Fraser Filtering and Karous-Hjelt software to delineate subsurface zones of varying conductivities suggesting anomalous seepage. The VES data were quantitatively interpreted using the partial curve matching technique and 1D resistivity inversion algorithm while the dipole-dipole data were inverted using 2D resistivity inversion procedure. The VLF-EM inverted sections revealed prominently conductive zones indicating anomalous seepage zones beneath the dam embankment. The relatively less conductive zones possibly indicate reduced seepage. The results of VES interpretation revealed three geoelectric layers beneath the dam embankment representing the caprock, core and bedrock. The 2D inverted resistivity sections delineated zones with anomalously low resistivity generally less than 10 Ωm, indicating anomalous seepage, beneath the embankment. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of combining the VLF and geoelectrical methods for delineating anomalous seepages in the assessment of dam safety. The anomalously low resistivity/high conductive zones identified beneath the dam embankment are suspected anomalous seepage zones which can threaten the integrity of the dam. Routine monitoring and remedial measures are therefore recommended to forestall the failure of the dam.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epiphytic Algae on Dominant Macrophytes in Lotic Ecosystems in the Eastern Flanks of Mount Cameroon","authors":"Awo Miranda Egbe, F. B. Ambo","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7569","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was designed to assess quantitative estimates of epiphyte biomass and diversity on the dominant macrophytes in two rivers in the Eastern flanks of Mount Cameroon.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Two sets of water samples were collected at the top 10cm of the rivers for nutrient and chlorophyll a determination. A single preliminary collection of algal epiphytes from partially submerged aquatic macrophytes was carried out from the littoral zone of Ndongo and Limbe rivers, between May and June 2023.\u0000Methodology: The sedimentation technique was employed in the study. Three slides were prepared for each aquatic macrophyte sample for microscopic analysis. Identification was done by comparative morphology using relevant journals and textbooks.\u0000Results: All variables related to water clarity (TSS, Phytoplankton Chl a, HC) assessed during the study were similar in both rivers.  Water clarity based on HC values was below 6 mg/l implying both rivers were clear during the study period. Epiphytic algae identified were recorded from 4 main divisions, namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta. The highest algal diversity in Ndongo was recorded from Commelina benghalensis (H=3.45) with 41 algal species identified. Justicia  in Ndongo river had the lowest algal species richness (24) with an algal diversity of 2.91. Nymphaea had the highest algal diversity (H=3.36) and algal species richness (36) in Limbe river. Algal species richness was the same in the two other plant hosts Commelina benghalensis and Colocasia esculentus (29 species per host). The highest algal chlorophyll a was recorded on Nymphaea (621mg/g dry weight) and Commelina benghalensis (644mg/g) in Limbe and Ndongo respectively. Lowest epiphyte Chlorophyll a was recorded in Justicia secunda in Ndongo (607 mg/g).\u0000Conclusion: All macrophytes studied harbored a large algal flora demonstrating their diverse ecological roles carried out in these rivers. Nymphaea lotus and Commelina benghalensis in Limbe and Ndongo rivers had the highest epiphytic algal biomass.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Wildlife Conflicts: The Case of the Olive Baboon (Papio anubis) in the Mbam and Djerem National Park and the Implications for Conservation Attention","authors":"Njikam Aboubacar Sidik Lacatus, Seino Richard Akwanjoh, Taku Awa II, Itoe Constantine Nfor Ngwayi, Sylvie Nguedem Fonkwo","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7564","url":null,"abstract":"In Cameroon, studies on adverse conflicts between humans and wildlife have focused mainly on elephants and great apes. The lack of information on monkey conflicts motivated the present study in the periphery of the Mbam Djerem National Park (MDNP) where human-olive baboon conflicts exist (Papio anubis) due to the extension of agricultural land around the park. This study was carried out in two phases: questionnaire survey administered to the population bordering the protected area to determine the crop consumed by olive baboons in the fields and field visits to measure the total area of the field and the devastated areas using a GPS to assess losses per farmer and to determine the control strategies to fight crop raiding. From July 2021 to August 2022, we administered a questionnaire to 171 people, 74 of whom were farmers around the MDNP to examine the human-olive baboon conflicts. Results obtained indicated that human-olive baboons conflicts exist, we have: crop raiding, hunting of olive baboons, bullying, disturbances caused by olive baboons, and domestic animals predation by baboons. Although ecotourism and leisure were cited as other interactions. The crop raided by olive baboons is the origin of the conflicts with Human. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the crop most frequently raided by olive baboons in the dry season, followed by maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in the rainy season.  Despite the use of control strategies such as field patrols, the installation of scarecrows, the use of traps and guns, the guarding of straw huts, and the guarding of dogs. 83% of the respondents lost approximately 25% of their crop annually due to olive baboons, and 5% of the respondents lost 25 to 50% of their crop annually, 4% of the respondents lost approximately 75% of their crop and 8% lost almost nothing. Economic losses were estimated on average at 150.647 ± 21.695 FCFA with a maximum loss of 1.058.000 FCFA [1.765 USD] and a minimum loss of 16.000 FCFA [about 27 USD]. The surface areas damaged annually by olive baboons ranged from 0.2 ha to 2.3 ha. These results showed that the crop raided by olive baboons created a conflict between humans and nature that had a negative impact on the conservation of this monkey and the survival of the local population in this region. To mitigate these conflicts, we suggest sensitizing local population on the use of the gun in the inspection of crop fields and strengthening of day and night field inspection during the crop maturity period.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Emission Pathways of Biodegradable Thermoplastic-based Species in Natural and Simulated Aqueous Conditions","authors":"Omotola E. Dada, Adeola A. Bada","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7563","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the carbon emission pathways of the biodegradation processes of bio-based thermoplastic moieties in two aqueous (surface and simulated marine water) environments and its implications on environmental quality. The physicochemical parameters of the aqueous media were determined using standard methods. The American Society for Testing and Materials’ standard was used to assess amount of CO2 evolved. Cellulose, bioplastic and polyethylene were inserted in two aquatic environments and arranged thrice in a randomized experimental arrangement of 2x4x3. Ultimate biodegradations of the test films were monitored using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The amount of CO2 evolved was assayed using the titration method. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. After biodegradation, the initial values of the physicochemical parameters were within recommended values of the WHO standards with slight (less than 2%) differences. Moreover, CO2 captured from the two aqueous  conditions were lower than the amount of CO2 evolved in aqueous solution with cellulose which is a natural polymer in this order: 88.725×102 mg from the soaked cellulose samples in marine > 85.215×102 mg of CO2 evolved from cellulose entrenched in surface  water > 82.758×102 mg of CO2 evolved from bioplastic soaked in marine water > 82.758×102 mg of CO2 evolved from bioplastic soaked in surface water > 65.046×102 mg of CO2 evolved from polyethylene soaked in marine water > 60.152×102 mg of CO2 evolved from polyethylene soaked in surface water. Moreover, the SEM results revealed high level of biodegradation and growth of biofilm on the biodegradable thermoplastics while the nylon 6 had little or no biofilm growth because of the recalcitrant nature. This study concluded that some biodegradable thermoplastics can biodegrade totally in aquatic environments without the release of greenhouse gases that could threaten the integrity of the aquatic environment as well as the release of toxic residues.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"41 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Perceptions on Environmental Impact Assessments in the Construction of the Toll Road between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport, in Indonesia","authors":"P. S. Oetari, S. Isworo","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7565","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The development of toll roads between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport of Indonesia is part of the government's endeavor to improve the accessibility, connectivity, and capacity of inter-regional transportation networks in order to considerably boost economic growth through increased regional links. The research will analyze at the socio-cultural circumstances, social conflict, public health, and community views and attitudes about toll road building. \u0000Research Methods: This study employs a qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves in-depth interview observation processes. The data analysis comprises the identification, categorization, and interpretation of community opinions as perceived by 200 respondents from impacted communities.  \u0000Results: The majority of respondents were male, 106 (53%), with the highest degree of education being senior high school a total of 118 respondents (59.50%).   The majority of their jobs were as private employees number 84 respondents (42%), with an average salary of Rp. 3,195,000. The surrounding community is religious, with 106 respondents (84%) actively engaged in Islamic studies in a mutually beneficial atmosphere, and 171 respondents (88.5%). Conflicts in society are always addressed pleasantly, according to 198 respondents (99%). \u0000Theoretical and Practical Implications: The community does not oppose toll road building, according to 188 respondents (94%) since they feel it would serve regional interests.  Environmental impact analysis is carried out in a proportionate manner by incorporating the community through public engagement. Implementation of public consultation throughout ten time periods. The outcomes of public consultations are utilized to provide supporting and critical comments. 42 community figures were chosen as members of the Environmental effect Assessment technical team, which was in charge of overseeing the execution of environmental effect management and monitoring. Changes in public views and attitudes about toll road development must be regulated and monitored to ensure that the public impression of toll roads remains favorable throughout construction.  Recommendations: Project implementers are responsible for the impacts caused and comply with all detailed provisions in accordance with management and monitoring plan documents that have been approved by the Ministry of Environment.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"21 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}