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Environmental Anarchy?最新文献

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Hope Springs? 希望泉?
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1s7cc30.7
Hope Springs, L. Hinton
Welcome back to the charming world of Hope Springs, the small southern town at the center of bestselling author Lynne Hinton's Hope Springs trilogy. In this sequel to Friendship Cake, the same delightful women have finished the cookbook that brought them together, showing each the true meaning of friendship. Now these bonds are challenged by Margaret's sudden illness, Nadine's mourning for her lost daughter, and Jessie's desire to see the world outside the confines of a small town. Even Charlotte, the steadfast young pastor, has a spiritual crisis and finds herself questioning her calling.
欢迎回到希望泉的迷人世界,这是畅销书作家琳恩·辛顿的希望泉三部曲的中心小镇。在《友谊蛋糕》的续集中,这两位可爱的女士完成了让她们走到一起的烹饪书,向她们展示了友谊的真谛。现在,玛格丽特突然生病,纳丁为失去的女儿哀悼,杰西渴望看到小镇之外的世界,这些都挑战了这些纽带。就连坚定的年轻牧师夏洛特也陷入了精神危机,她发现自己在质疑自己的使命。
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引用次数: 1
(Not So?) Grand Strategy (不是吗?)大战略
Pub Date : 2003-03-22 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1s7cc30.10
E. Hirsh
A Nation at Risk was mainly concerned with the high-school years. It wasn't until the report's last pages that it finally alluded to education in the early grades: The curriculum in the crucial eight grades leading to the high-school years should be specifically designed to provide a sound base for study in those and later years in such areas as English language development and writing, computational and problem-solving skills, science, social studies, foreign language, and the arts. These years should foster an enthusiasm for learning and the development of the individual's gifts and talents. Throughout Risk, the authors expressed the concern that higher skills like comprehension and problem solving were being neglected in favor of mere basic skills such as number facts, phonics, and spelling. The path to education improvement was seen to lie not in the substance of what was taught in the first eight grades, but in the higher order proficiencies that were systematically inculcated, This emphasis on early-language and "problem-solving" skills rather than on early content was a fundamental mistake. It was natural for the writers of Risk to seek reform where the most obvious declines had appeared. But it seems probable that the watering down of high school was less a cause of its lower scores than a consequence of a gradual decline of learning in the early grades. Risk's attitude toward the early grades reminds me of the comment many years ago of a repairman who came to fix a leak in our washing machine. He asked my wife where the leak was, and she replied, "At the bottom." He looked at her knowingly and said, "Yeah, that's what they all say." The authors of Risk saw declines at the high-school level, so they focused attention there when the problems began elsewhere. Research has shown that a student's reading competence in 1st grade predicts his achievement in 11th grade. Fortunately, reformers and legislators have recently begun to emphasize early literacy--a promising advance in thinking and policy. But this welcome new emphasis on the early grades may not yield the hoped-for improvements in equity and overall achievement if, while correcting for an earlier neglect, we persist in ignoring the content taught in students' formative years. Consider the fact that some high-performing education systems, such as that of Japan, do not stress formal higher-order skills--such as "learning how to learn," or focusing on problem-solving skills--in early schooling. They pay much closer attention to the sequence and coherence of the content a child receives in the early grades. Nonetheless, the scores of their 8th graders on the so-called higher-order skills connected with reading and reckoning, such as comprehension and problem solving, are not only higher than ours, but are also more equitably distributed among social classes. Moreover, these results have been achieved within the context of nationalized, bureaucratic, non-market education systems. This is n
《处于危险中的国家》主要关注的是高中时代。直到报告的最后几页,它才最终提到了早期教育:高中前8个关键年级的课程应该专门设计,为高中及以后的学习提供坚实的基础,这些领域包括英语语言发展和写作、计算和解决问题的能力、科学、社会研究、外语和艺术。这些年应该培养学习的热情,发展个人的天赋和才能。在《风险》一书中,作者们表达了他们的担忧,即理解和解决问题等高级技能被忽视了,而仅仅是数字、语音和拼写等基本技能被忽视了。人们认为,改善教育的途径不在于前八年级所教授的内容的实质,而在于系统地灌输更高层次的熟练程度。这种强调早期语言和“解决问题”的技能而不是早期内容的做法是一个根本性的错误。对于《风险》的作者来说,在经济衰退最明显的地方寻求改革是很自然的。但似乎更有可能的是,高中的淡化与其说是其较低分数的原因,不如说是早期学习能力逐渐下降的结果。Risk对低年级学生的态度让我想起了许多年前一个修理工来修理我们洗衣机漏水的问题。他问我妻子漏在哪里,她回答说:“在底部。”他会意地看着她说:“是啊,他们都这么说。”《风险》一书的作者们看到了高中水平的下降,所以当问题开始在其他地方出现时,他们把注意力集中在高中。研究表明,一个学生在一年级的阅读能力预示着他在11年级的成绩。幸运的是,改革者和立法者最近开始强调早期读写能力——这在思想和政策上是一个有希望的进步。但是,如果我们在纠正早期忽视的同时,坚持忽视学生形成时期所教的内容,那么这种对早期成绩的新重视可能不会带来期望中的公平和整体成绩的改善。想想这样一个事实:一些高绩效的教育体系,比如日本的教育体系,在早期教育中并不强调正式的高阶技能——比如“学习如何学习”,或者关注解决问题的技能。他们更加关注孩子在早期阶段接受的内容的顺序和连贯性。尽管如此,他们的八年级学生在与阅读和计算相关的所谓高阶技能(如理解和解决问题)上的得分不仅高于我们,而且在社会阶层之间的分配也更为公平。此外,这些成果是在国有化、官僚主义和非市场教育制度的背景下取得的。这并不是要否定目前在美国教育中引入更多竞争的努力。像日本这样的国家有可能通过尝试市场化改革来获得更好的结果。但它确实表明,至少在这些国家,组织方案对学生成绩的影响不如指导教与学的理念那么重要。高阶技能《风险》的作者认为,早期年级的目标是熟练掌握阅读、写作、思考和算术技能,以便为高中学习“打下坚实的基础”。他们认为任何能培养必要基本技能的合理内容都可以。我在其他地方把这种通过任意内容来培养技能的概念称为“教育形式主义”,即早期教育的主要目标是获得正式技能。…
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引用次数: 1
Getting Real: 实际:
Pub Date : 2001-03-27 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1s7cc30.6
Brad Blanton, S. Campbell
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Anarchy?
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