Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.4.019
Goun Lee
{"title":"Perceptual weighting on English lexical stress by Korean learners of\u0000 English","authors":"Goun Lee","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.4.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.4.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134359393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.103
Seo-Yeong Ahn, Se-Hui Ryu, Kyung-Wha Kim, Ki-Hyung Hong
Due to the popularization of smartphones, most of the recorded speech files submitted as evidence of recent crimes are produced by smartphones, and the integrity (forgery) of the submitted speech files based on smartphones is emerging as a major issue in the investigation and trial process. Samsung smartphones with the highest domestic market share are distributed with built-in speech recording applications that can record calls and voice, and can edit recorded speech. Unlike editing through third-party speech (audio) applications, editing by their own builtin speech applications has a high similarity to the original file in metadata structures and attributes, so more precise analysis techniques need to prove integrity. In this study, we constructed a speech file metadata database for speech files (original files) recorded by 34 Samsung smartphones and edited speech files edited by their built-in speech recording applications. We analyzed by comparing the metadata structures and attributes of the original files to their edited ones. As a result, we found significant metadata differences between the original speech files and the edited ones.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of metadata structures and attributes of\u0000 Samsung smartphone voice recording files for forensic use*","authors":"Seo-Yeong Ahn, Se-Hui Ryu, Kyung-Wha Kim, Ki-Hyung Hong","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.103","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the popularization of smartphones, most of the recorded speech files submitted as evidence of recent crimes are produced by smartphones, and the integrity (forgery) of the submitted speech files based on smartphones is emerging as a major issue in the investigation and trial process. Samsung smartphones with the highest domestic market share are distributed with built-in speech recording applications that can record calls and voice, and can edit recorded speech. Unlike editing through third-party speech (audio) applications, editing by their own builtin speech applications has a high similarity to the original file in metadata structures and attributes, so more precise analysis techniques need to prove integrity. In this study, we constructed a speech file metadata database for speech files (original files) recorded by 34 Samsung smartphones and edited speech files edited by their built-in speech recording applications. We analyzed by comparing the metadata structures and attributes of the original files to their edited ones. As a result, we found significant metadata differences between the original speech files and the edited ones.","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128487834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.067
H. Yu
{"title":"Geminate and singleton contrast in English affixed\u0000 words","authors":"H. Yu","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.087
H. Jeon, Jiyoun Kim, Cheol-jae Seong
In addition to administering a questionnaire (J-survey), which questions individuals on subjective vocal fatigue, voice samples were collected before and after speech-language pathology sessions from 50 female speech-language pathologists in their 20s and 30s in the Daejeon and Chungnam areas. We identified significant differences in Korean Vocal Fatigue Index scores between the fatigue and non-fatigue groups, with the most prominent differences in sections one and two. Regarding acoustic phonetic characteristics, both groups showed a pattern in which low-frequency band energy was relatively low, and high-frequency band energy was increased after the treatment sessions. This trend was well reflected in the low-to-high ratio of vowels, slope LTAS, energy in the third formant, and energy in the 4,000-8,000 Hz range. A difference between the groups was observed only in the vowel energy of the low-frequency band (0-4,000 Hz) before treatment, with the non-fatigue group having a higher value than the fatigue group. This characteristic could be interpreted as a result of voice abuse and higher muscle tonus caused by long-term voice work. The perturbation parameter and shimmer local was lowered in the non-fatigue group after treatment, and the noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR) was lowered in both groups following treatment. The decrease in NHR and the fall of shimmer local could be attributed to vocal cord hypertension, but it could be concluded that the effective voice use of speech-language pathologists also contributed to this effect, especially in the non-fatigue group. In the case of the non-fatigue group, the rhamonics-to-noise ratio increased significantly after treatment, indicating that the harmonic structure was more stable after treatment.
{"title":"Acoustic characteristics of speech-language pathologists related to\u0000 their subjective vocal fatigue*","authors":"H. Jeon, Jiyoun Kim, Cheol-jae Seong","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.087","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to administering a questionnaire (J-survey), which questions individuals on subjective vocal fatigue, voice samples were collected before and after speech-language pathology sessions from 50 female speech-language pathologists in their 20s and 30s in the Daejeon and Chungnam areas. We identified significant differences in Korean Vocal Fatigue Index scores between the fatigue and non-fatigue groups, with the most prominent differences in sections one and two. Regarding acoustic phonetic characteristics, both groups showed a pattern in which low-frequency band energy was relatively low, and high-frequency band energy was increased after the treatment sessions. This trend was well reflected in the low-to-high ratio of vowels, slope LTAS, energy in the third formant, and energy in the 4,000-8,000 Hz range. A difference between the groups was observed only in the vowel energy of the low-frequency band (0-4,000 Hz) before treatment, with the non-fatigue group having a higher value than the fatigue group. This characteristic could be interpreted as a result of voice abuse and higher muscle tonus caused by long-term voice work. The perturbation parameter and shimmer local was lowered in the non-fatigue group after treatment, and the noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR) was lowered in both groups following treatment. The decrease in NHR and the fall of shimmer local could be attributed to vocal cord hypertension, but it could be concluded that the effective voice use of speech-language pathologists also contributed to this effect, especially in the non-fatigue group. In the case of the non-fatigue group, the rhamonics-to-noise ratio increased significantly after treatment, indicating that the harmonic structure was more stable after treatment.","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127421718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.027
Seo-Yeong Ahn, Jeahyuk Oh
{"title":"Distinguishing features and variability of intonation patterns in\u0000 Korean phonological phrases: The effects of syllable count and segmental\u0000 content*","authors":"Seo-Yeong Ahn, Jeahyuk Oh","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133024251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.077
Yeji Kim, Hyesun Song, Y. Jeon, Yoorim Oh, Youngmee Lee
In this study, we reported the validation results of the Korean Affective Voice Database (KAV DB), an affective voice database available for scientific and clinical use, comprising a total of 113 validated affective voice stimuli. The KAV DB includes audio-recordings of two actors (one male and one female), each uttering 10 semantically neutral sentences with the intention to convey six different affective states (happiness, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and neutral). The database was organized into three separate voice stimulus sets in order to validate the KAV DB. Participants rated the stimuli on six rating scales corresponding to the six targeted affective states by using a 100 horizontal visual analog scale. The KAV DB showed high internal consistency for voice stimuli (Cronbach’s α =.847). The database had high sensitivity (mean=82.8%) and specificity (mean=83.8%). The KAV DB is expected to be useful for both academic research and clinical purposes in the field of communication disorders. The KAV DB is available for download at https://kav-db.notion.site/KAV-DB-75
{"title":"Development and validation of a Korean Affective Voice\u0000 Database","authors":"Yeji Kim, Hyesun Song, Y. Jeon, Yoorim Oh, Youngmee Lee","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.077","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we reported the validation results of the Korean Affective Voice Database (KAV DB), an affective voice database available for scientific and clinical use, comprising a total of 113 validated affective voice stimuli. The KAV DB includes audio-recordings of two actors (one male and one female), each uttering 10 semantically neutral sentences with the intention to convey six different affective states (happiness, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and neutral). The database was organized into three separate voice stimulus sets in order to validate the KAV DB. Participants rated the stimuli on six rating scales corresponding to the six targeted affective states by using a 100 horizontal visual analog scale. The KAV DB showed high internal consistency for voice stimuli (Cronbach’s α =.847). The database had high sensitivity (mean=82.8%) and specificity (mean=83.8%). The KAV DB is expected to be useful for both academic research and clinical purposes in the field of communication disorders. The KAV DB is available for download at https://kav-db.notion.site/KAV-DB-75","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123422321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.001
E. Kong, Soyoung Kang, M. Seo
The current study examined English-speaking adult learners’ production and perception of L2 Korean stops (/t/ or /t’/ or /t h /) to investigate whether the two modalities are linked in utilizing voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) for the L2 sound distinction and how the learners’ L2 proficiency mediates the relationship. Twenty-two English-speaking learners of Korean living in Seoul participated in the word-reading task of producing stop-initial words and the identification task of labelling CV stimuli synthesized to vary VOT and F0. Using logistic mixed-effects regression models, we quantified group- and individual-level weights of the VOT and F0 cues in differentiating the tense-lax, lax-aspirated, and tense-aspirated stops in Korean. The results showed that the learners as a group relied on VOT more than F0 both in production and perception (except the tense-lax pair), reflecting the dominant role of VOT in their L1 stop distinction. Individual-level analyses further revealed that the learners’ L2 proficiency was related to their use of F0 in L2 production and their use of VOT in L2 perception. With this effect of L2 proficiency controlled in the partial correlation tests, we found a significant correlation between production and perception in using VOT and F0 for the lax-aspirated stop contrast. However, the same correlation was absent for the other stop pairs. We discuss a contrast-specific role of acoustic cues to address the non-uniform patterns of the production-perception link in the L2 sound learning context.
本研究考察了英语成人学习者对韩语二语顿音(/t/或/t ' /或/t h /)的产生和感知，以探讨这两种模式在利用语音起始时间(VOT)和基本频率(F0)进行二语发音区分方面是否存在联系，以及学习者的二语熟练程度如何调节这种关系。22名居住在首尔的英语韩语学习者参与了产生停顿起首词的单词阅读任务和标记不同VOT和F0合成的CV刺激的识别任务。使用逻辑混合效应回归模型，我们量化了VOT和F0线索在区分韩国语紧张-松弛、松弛吸气和紧张吸气停顿方面的群体和个人水平权重。结果表明，学习者在产生和感知上(除紧松弛对外)对VOT的依赖程度均大于F0，反映了VOT在学习者区分L1顿音中的主导作用。个体水平分析进一步表明，学习者的二语熟练程度与他们在二语生产中使用F0和在二语感知中使用VOT有关。在部分相关测试中，我们发现在使用VOT和F0进行弱吸气停止对比时，产生和感知之间存在显著的相关性。然而，其他停止对没有相同的相关性。我们讨论了声音线索在解决二语声音学习环境中产生-感知联系的不均匀模式方面的对比特定作用。
{"title":"The acoustic cue-weighting and the L2 production-perception link: A\u0000 case of English-speaking adults’ learning of Korean stops","authors":"E. Kong, Soyoung Kang, M. Seo","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined English-speaking adult learners’ production and perception of L2 Korean stops (/t/ or /t’/ or /t h /) to investigate whether the two modalities are linked in utilizing voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) for the L2 sound distinction and how the learners’ L2 proficiency mediates the relationship. Twenty-two English-speaking learners of Korean living in Seoul participated in the word-reading task of producing stop-initial words and the identification task of labelling CV stimuli synthesized to vary VOT and F0. Using logistic mixed-effects regression models, we quantified group- and individual-level weights of the VOT and F0 cues in differentiating the tense-lax, lax-aspirated, and tense-aspirated stops in Korean. The results showed that the learners as a group relied on VOT more than F0 both in production and perception (except the tense-lax pair), reflecting the dominant role of VOT in their L1 stop distinction. Individual-level analyses further revealed that the learners’ L2 proficiency was related to their use of F0 in L2 production and their use of VOT in L2 perception. With this effect of L2 proficiency controlled in the partial correlation tests, we found a significant correlation between production and perception in using VOT and F0 for the lax-aspirated stop contrast. However, the same correlation was absent for the other stop pairs. We discuss a contrast-specific role of acoustic cues to address the non-uniform patterns of the production-perception link in the L2 sound learning context.","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116918383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.011
Hyunsoon Kim, S. Maeda, K. Honda, L. Crevier-Buchman
From simultaneous recordings of the external photoglottography, intra-oral air pressure (P io ), airflow and acoustic data from four native Seoul Korean speakers (2 male and 2 female), we have found that the two fricatives are not significantly different in glottal opening peak and airflow peak height either word-initially or word-medially and that the duration of aspiration is significantly reduced in word-medial /s/, compared to those in word-initial /s/, not in /s’/. We have also found that the duration of a high P io plateau is significantly longer in /s/ than in /s’/ both word-initially and word-medially and that airflow resistance (R=P io /U) at the onset and offset of a P io plateau and at the time of airflow peak height is significantly higher in /s’/ than in /s/ across the contexts. However, the differences in P io peak and F0 are not significant. In addition, the transition time to reach airflow peak height from the offset of a P io plateau is found to be significantly longer in /s/ than /s’/ in both word-initial and word-medial positions. No significant differences in glottal opening peak and airflow peak height confirm that /s/ is specified as [ – spread glottis] like /s’/. As for the other significant differences, we propose that /s/ is [ – tense], and /s’/ [+tense].
{"title":"External photoglottography, intra-oral air pressure, airflow and\u0000 acoustic data on the Korean fricatives /s’, s/","authors":"Hyunsoon Kim, S. Maeda, K. Honda, L. Crevier-Buchman","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.011","url":null,"abstract":"From simultaneous recordings of the external photoglottography, intra-oral air pressure (P io ), airflow and acoustic data from four native Seoul Korean speakers (2 male and 2 female), we have found that the two fricatives are not significantly different in glottal opening peak and airflow peak height either word-initially or word-medially and that the duration of aspiration is significantly reduced in word-medial /s/, compared to those in word-initial /s/, not in /s’/. We have also found that the duration of a high P io plateau is significantly longer in /s/ than in /s’/ both word-initially and word-medially and that airflow resistance (R=P io /U) at the onset and offset of a P io plateau and at the time of airflow peak height is significantly higher in /s’/ than in /s/ across the contexts. However, the differences in P io peak and F0 are not significant. In addition, the transition time to reach airflow peak height from the offset of a P io plateau is found to be significantly longer in /s/ than /s’/ in both word-initial and word-medial positions. No significant differences in glottal opening peak and airflow peak height confirm that /s/ is specified as [ – spread glottis] like /s’/. As for the other significant differences, we propose that /s/ is [ – tense], and /s’/ [+tense].","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"23 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120812172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.041
Soon Park, Hyunkee Ahn
The average acoustic distribution of American English speakers was statistically compared with the English-speaking patterns of gifted students in a Science Academy in Korea. By analyzing speech recordings, the duration time of which is much longer than in previous studies, this research identified the degree of acoustic proximity between the two parties and the predictability of English academic achievement of gifted high school students. Long-term spectral acoustic power distribution vectors were obtained for 2,048 center frequencies in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz by applying an long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) MATLAB code. Three more variables were statistically compared to discover additional indices that can predict future English academic achievement: the receptive vocabulary size test, the cumulative vocabulary scores of English formative assessment, and the English Speaking Proficiency Test scores. Linear regression and correlational analyses between the four variables showed that the receptive vocabulary size test and the low-frequency vocabulary formative assessments which require both lexical and domain-specific science background knowledge are relatively more significant variables than a basic suprasegmental level English fluency in the predictability of gifted students’ academic achievement.
{"title":"A study on the predictability of acoustic power distribution of\u0000 English speech for English academic achievement in a Science\u0000 Academy*","authors":"Soon Park, Hyunkee Ahn","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.041","url":null,"abstract":"The average acoustic distribution of American English speakers was statistically compared with the English-speaking patterns of gifted students in a Science Academy in Korea. By analyzing speech recordings, the duration time of which is much longer than in previous studies, this research identified the degree of acoustic proximity between the two parties and the predictability of English academic achievement of gifted high school students. Long-term spectral acoustic power distribution vectors were obtained for 2,048 center frequencies in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz by applying an long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) MATLAB code. Three more variables were statistically compared to discover additional indices that can predict future English academic achievement: the receptive vocabulary size test, the cumulative vocabulary scores of English formative assessment, and the English Speaking Proficiency Test scores. Linear regression and correlational analyses between the four variables showed that the receptive vocabulary size test and the low-frequency vocabulary formative assessments which require both lexical and domain-specific science background knowledge are relatively more significant variables than a basic suprasegmental level English fluency in the predictability of gifted students’ academic achievement.","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.051
Hwa-Young Kim
{"title":"The relationship between fluency levels and suprasegmentals\u0000 according to the sentence types in the English read speech by Korean middle\u0000 school English learners*","authors":"Hwa-Young Kim","doi":"10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2022.14.3.051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255285,"journal":{"name":"Phonetics and Speech Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115544133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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