Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch26
Yaya Mulyana
{"title":"Indonesia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Being Custodian of a Principled World and Navigating Through the Challenges of Future Relevance and Significance","authors":"Yaya Mulyana","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch14
Ezzat Saad
: The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is the second-largest international grouping after the United Nations. Today, the NAM represents more than 60% of the latter’s members and more than half of the world’s population. Thus, it forms a large voting bloc, especially as it includes many major powers in its membership, which play important roles in the regional and international arenas, and their decisions are taken into account in international issues. Therefore, the movement should take advantage of this great weight in favour of establishing justice and peace in the world, and there is no doubt that its role in this regard has begun to grow in light of the decisive developments and changes that are taking place in the international arena over the past few years. On the other hand, Egypt is one of the founding countries of the Non-Aligned Movement; it has a recognized vital role in founding, building, and developing the movement. Egypt has attempted – in cooperation with its partners - to keep the survival and continuity of the movement, using the latter’s regional and international weight, as it represents the most important framework as well as the broader scope to coordinate the positions of developing countries on various political, economic and social issues of the international system. Egypt also had a clear contribution to transforming ideas related to non-alignment into a tangible reality at the inception of the movement, and it also hosted its second summit in 1964 and the fifteenth high summit in Sharm El-Sheikh in 2009.
{"title":"Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement","authors":"Ezzat Saad","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch14","url":null,"abstract":": The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is the second-largest international grouping after the United Nations. Today, the NAM represents more than 60% of the latter’s members and more than half of the world’s population. Thus, it forms a large voting bloc, especially as it includes many major powers in its membership, which play important roles in the regional and international arenas, and their decisions are taken into account in international issues. Therefore, the movement should take advantage of this great weight in favour of establishing justice and peace in the world, and there is no doubt that its role in this regard has begun to grow in light of the decisive developments and changes that are taking place in the international arena over the past few years. On the other hand, Egypt is one of the founding countries of the Non-Aligned Movement; it has a recognized vital role in founding, building, and developing the movement. Egypt has attempted – in cooperation with its partners - to keep the survival and continuity of the movement, using the latter’s regional and international weight, as it represents the most important framework as well as the broader scope to coordinate the positions of developing countries on various political, economic and social issues of the international system. Egypt also had a clear contribution to transforming ideas related to non-alignment into a tangible reality at the inception of the movement, and it also hosted its second summit in 1964 and the fifteenth high summit in Sharm El-Sheikh in 2009.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Cuba’s participation and leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) are analysed in the context of international politics from the time of its foundation in the twentieth century to the present. This work is a tribute to the sixtieth anniversary of the Organization. Likewise, the relevance of the Third World, particularly Africa, Asia and Latin America, in the foreign policy of the Cuban Revolution is elucidated.
{"title":"Cuba and the Non-Aligned Movement: 60 Years Being Part of the Third World","authors":"Leyde Ernesto Rodríguez Hernández, Dariana Hernández Pérez","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch15","url":null,"abstract":": Cuba’s participation and leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) are analysed in the context of international politics from the time of its foundation in the twentieth century to the present. This work is a tribute to the sixtieth anniversary of the Organization. Likewise, the relevance of the Third World, particularly Africa, Asia and Latin America, in the foreign policy of the Cuban Revolution is elucidated.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133267638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch28
Madhusudan Bandyopadhyay, A. Bandopadhyay
: In pursuance of the decisions taken in various Conferences of the Heads of State or Government of the Non-aligned Countries, the Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) was established in New Delhi, India in 1989 as an Intergovernmental Organisation for the promotion of intensive cooperation in the fields of Science and Technology for collective self-reliance among non-aligned and other developing countries. So far, 47 NAM countries from various regions represented by their Government departments, ministries or agencies dealing with Science & Technology have joined the Centre as its members. In order to meet its objectives, the NAM S&T Centre has been implementing a wide range of activities on Science, Technology & Innovation (STI), including organisation of international workshops, and training programmes/courses on various topics; award of fellowships to scientists and researchers for their affiliation with Centres of Excellence in different countries; implementation of multilateral collaborative projects; publication of books, monographs, handbooks and state-of-the-art reports; etc. The NAM S&T Centre has been working as a facilitator in STI-driven economic development in developing countries by encouraging their governments to nurture the S&T institutions 1 Director General and Senior Adviser, Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, New Delhi, India.
{"title":"The NAM S&T Centre — A Successful Mechanism for Capacity Building in Science, Technology and Innovation and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Global South","authors":"Madhusudan Bandyopadhyay, A. Bandopadhyay","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch28","url":null,"abstract":": In pursuance of the decisions taken in various Conferences of the Heads of State or Government of the Non-aligned Countries, the Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) was established in New Delhi, India in 1989 as an Intergovernmental Organisation for the promotion of intensive cooperation in the fields of Science and Technology for collective self-reliance among non-aligned and other developing countries. So far, 47 NAM countries from various regions represented by their Government departments, ministries or agencies dealing with Science & Technology have joined the Centre as its members. In order to meet its objectives, the NAM S&T Centre has been implementing a wide range of activities on Science, Technology & Innovation (STI), including organisation of international workshops, and training programmes/courses on various topics; award of fellowships to scientists and researchers for their affiliation with Centres of Excellence in different countries; implementation of multilateral collaborative projects; publication of books, monographs, handbooks and state-of-the-art reports; etc. The NAM S&T Centre has been working as a facilitator in STI-driven economic development in developing countries by encouraging their governments to nurture the S&T institutions 1 Director General and Senior Adviser, Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, New Delhi, India.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124748058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch8
Arno Trültzsch
This paper is based on the key findings of the author’s book: Sozialismus und Blockfreiheit: Der Beitrag Jugoslawiens zum Völkerrecht 1948-1980/91 [Socialism and Non-Alignment: Yugoslavia’s impact on International Law 1948-1980/91] , published with Wallstein in 2021.
{"title":"Non-Alignment in the United Nations and Its Impact on International Law: The Case of Yugoslavia","authors":"Arno Trültzsch","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on the key findings of the author’s book: Sozialismus und Blockfreiheit: Der Beitrag Jugoslawiens zum Völkerrecht 1948-1980/91 [Socialism and Non-Alignment: Yugoslavia’s impact on International Law 1948-1980/91] , published with Wallstein in 2021.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134437512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch9
L. Lüthi
{"title":"Relations of the Non-Aligned Movement with Other Regional Movements and Organisations During the Cold War","authors":"L. Lüthi","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132732018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch20
Kamal Makili-Aliyev
This research paper is an attempt to explain the role of Azerbaijan in the Non-Aligned Movement through a rarely used perspective or lens of international law and international security. In a scholarly discourse on Azerbaijan’s ascension to the full membership in the Non-Aligned Movement, there are two distinct camps that argue either from the perspective of the non-relevance of the Non-Aligned Movement in the contemporary international community and subsequent low significance of Azerbaijan’s move or from the perspective of the theory of international relations and present it as a foreign policy adjustment or a continued strategy. This study departs from the continued (albeit adjusted) relevance of the Non-Aligned Movement as a subject of international law and seeks to complement the existing theories proposed by the international relations scholars with an alternative view based on Azerbaijan’s paradigmatic perceptions of international law and international security. By taking an alternative viewpoint, this paper utilizes a multidisciplinary angle to tackle so far only narrowly researched topic.
{"title":"The Role of Azerbaijan in the Non-Aligned Movement Through the Lens of International Law and Security","authors":"Kamal Makili-Aliyev","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch20","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper is an attempt to explain the role of Azerbaijan in the Non-Aligned Movement through a rarely used perspective or lens of international law and international security. In a scholarly discourse on Azerbaijan’s ascension to the full membership in the Non-Aligned Movement, there are two distinct camps that argue either from the perspective of the non-relevance of the Non-Aligned Movement in the contemporary international community and subsequent low significance of Azerbaijan’s move or from the perspective of the theory of international relations and present it as a foreign policy adjustment or a continued strategy. This study departs from the continued (albeit adjusted) relevance of the Non-Aligned Movement as a subject of international law and seeks to complement the existing theories proposed by the international relations scholars with an alternative view based on Azerbaijan’s paradigmatic perceptions of international law and international security. By taking an alternative viewpoint, this paper utilizes a multidisciplinary angle to tackle so far only narrowly researched topic.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch19
M. Aminuddin
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has developed into a large movement in terms of the number of members. But after 60 years of its birth and existence, to what extent does this movement have real significance and benefit all its members? This article proposes to review historically the contribution, problems, and prospects of Indonesia’s interaction within the NAM. Three framework arguments will be explored more deeply. First, in the post-Cold War, the NAM has adopted the model called “ceremonial leadership” that is rotated from one country to another. This, however, did not bring much progress towards the ratification of the values and principles of Belgrade that can be formulated and implemented massively. Second, cooperative relationships that involve individual socio-economic mobility run very slowly and are still limited by technical problems. As a result, the transfer of research, science, and technology is not able to contribute to strengthening the economic and industrial structure amongst all members. Indeed, there has been progress despite discussions and interpretations of the changing world constellation followed by the information-sharing policies. From an Indonesian case and perspective, this article provides a critical note of the future of the NAM which is nothing more than an organisation of friendship.
{"title":"60 Years After Belgrade: Passion, Reflection and Challenges from Indonesian Perspective","authors":"M. Aminuddin","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch19","url":null,"abstract":"The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has developed into a large movement in terms of the number of members. But after 60 years of its birth and existence, to what extent does this movement have real significance and benefit all its members? This article proposes to review historically the contribution, problems, and prospects of Indonesia’s interaction within the NAM. Three framework arguments will be explored more deeply. First, in the post-Cold War, the NAM has adopted the model called “ceremonial leadership” that is rotated from one country to another. This, however, did not bring much progress towards the ratification of the values and principles of Belgrade that can be formulated and implemented massively. Second, cooperative relationships that involve individual socio-economic mobility run very slowly and are still limited by technical problems. As a result, the transfer of research, science, and technology is not able to contribute to strengthening the economic and industrial structure amongst all members. Indeed, there has been progress despite discussions and interpretations of the changing world constellation followed by the information-sharing policies. From an Indonesian case and perspective, this article provides a critical note of the future of the NAM which is nothing more than an organisation of friendship.","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121510286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch18
C. Saunders
{"title":"The Non-Aligned Movement, Namibia and South Africa over Sixty Years","authors":"C. Saunders","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126244126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch6
Ruslan Kostiuk, E. Katkova
: The chapter is devoted to the evolution of relations between the USSR (Russian Federation) and the Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ). The authors show that the ideology and context of the Cold War, as well as the anti-imperialist and anti-neocolonial strategies and rhetoric of most non-aligned countries, played an important role in determining the Soviet Union attitude towards the NAM . From 1961, Soviet diplomacy considered the NAM an ally on the world stage and a friendly international organisation. A high level of relations along the USSR-NAM line was also maintained thanks to the friendly relations between the Soviet Union and the countries that were the Movement leaders. The authors emphasize that the Soviet Union played a decisive role in defining the strategy of the entire “world socialist system” in relation to the non-aligned countries. The approaches and assessments of Moscow and the NAM regarding most world’s political problems and “hot conflicts” on the planet were similar until the collapse of the USSR. The chapter also shows the two sides positions similarities regarding the need for international economic order democratization. During the “perestroika” period in the USSR, relations with the NAM reached an even higher-quality level. After the USSR’s collapse, the NAM was practically “forgotten” in Russian foreign policy. However, in recent
{"title":"The Soviet Union and the Non-Aligned Movement","authors":"Ruslan Kostiuk, E. Katkova","doi":"10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_60nam.2021.ch6","url":null,"abstract":": The chapter is devoted to the evolution of relations between the USSR (Russian Federation) and the Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ). The authors show that the ideology and context of the Cold War, as well as the anti-imperialist and anti-neocolonial strategies and rhetoric of most non-aligned countries, played an important role in determining the Soviet Union attitude towards the NAM . From 1961, Soviet diplomacy considered the NAM an ally on the world stage and a friendly international organisation. A high level of relations along the USSR-NAM line was also maintained thanks to the friendly relations between the Soviet Union and the countries that were the Movement leaders. The authors emphasize that the Soviet Union played a decisive role in defining the strategy of the entire “world socialist system” in relation to the non-aligned countries. The approaches and assessments of Moscow and the NAM regarding most world’s political problems and “hot conflicts” on the planet were similar until the collapse of the USSR. The chapter also shows the two sides positions similarities regarding the need for international economic order democratization. During the “perestroika” period in the USSR, relations with the NAM reached an even higher-quality level. After the USSR’s collapse, the NAM was practically “forgotten” in Russian foreign policy. However, in recent","PeriodicalId":255304,"journal":{"name":"The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131400325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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