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ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТЬ «ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ПРОСТІР», «ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ», «ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАТИВНЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019178965
Наталя Яруліна
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引用次数: 0
МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179084
Тетяна Сивак
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引用次数: 0
ІЄРАРХІЯ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВИХ АКТІВ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179068
Світлана Козуліна
Relevance of the paper. One of the most important classifications of regulatory acts is their classification according to legal force. It is legal force of the legal act that determines the place it occupies in the hierarchical (vertical) structure of the current legislation. According to Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukraine is a social and legal state. Back in 2001, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine clearly stated: "... in a legal state there is a strict hierarchy of regulatory acts ...", but until now the hierarchy of regulatory acts is not legally established. Besides, between the separate laws of Ukraine, including those defining the status and powers of the public administration bodies, there is inconsistency regarding their place according to their legal force. There is no consensus on this issue in the scientific literature. It negatively affects the state of law in the state. Consequently, the relevance of this article is conditioned by the existing collisions in the legislation of Ukraine regarding the hierarchy of regulatory acts. The purpose of the article is the study of the current state of the hierarchical place of regulatory acts in the current legislation of Ukraine, the identification of collisions in it and the justification of proposals for their elimination. Body of the paper. Most Ukrainian scholars insist that the codes have the same legal force as the laws. However, some Ukrainian codes, in particular the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Budget Code of Ukraine, contain articles about their higher legal force. However, there are no such norms in other codes of Ukraine, therefore it should be noted: it can not be that in one branch of law the codified law has a higher legal force, and in the other it has not. Consequently, the issue of the legal force of codified and un-codified laws requires legislative regulation. The question arises as to the legal force of the resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the decrees of the President of Ukraine (that is resolutions of the Parliament and decrees of the President of Ukraine of elusively regulatory nature). For example, in Article 113 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine" the preference is given to the resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, but in the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service", on the contrary - to the decrees of the President of Ukraine. Conclusions. Until now, neither the Constitution of Ukraine nor other legislative acts define the hierarchy of certain regulatory acts, and therefore the scientific literature raises justified questions regarding their legal force. The current laws of Ukraine regulating the activities of public authorities solve these issues differently. And in law enforcement activities, including the issues on resolving litigation, the key role is played by subjectivity of a law enforcer. Eliminating this gap is possible only in one way that is by adopting the Law of Ukraine
论文的相关性。规制行为的分类中最重要的分类之一是法律效力分类。法律行为的法律效力决定了它在现行立法的等级(垂直)结构中所占的地位。根据乌克兰宪法第一条,乌克兰是一个社会法治国家。早在2001年,乌克兰宪法法院就明确指出:“……在一个法治国家,监管行为有严格的等级制度……”,但直到现在,监管行为的等级制度还没有在法律上确立。此外,在乌克兰的各条法律之间,包括界定公共行政机构的地位和权力的法律之间,根据其法律效力,它们的地位是不一致的。在科学文献中对这个问题没有共识。它对该州的法律状况产生了负面影响。因此,本条的相关性取决于乌克兰立法中关于管制行为等级的现有冲突。本文的目的是研究乌克兰现行立法中监管行为等级地位的现状,确定其中的冲突以及消除这些冲突的建议的理由。论文正文。大多数乌克兰学者坚持认为,法典与法律具有同样的法律效力。然而,一些乌克兰法典,特别是乌克兰民法典、乌克兰预算法典,载有关于其更高法律效力的条款。但是,在乌克兰的其他法典中没有这种规范,因此应当指出:不可能在一个法律部门中,编纂的法律具有更高的法律效力,而在另一个部门中则没有。因此,成文法和非成文法的法律效力问题需要立法加以规范。问题在于乌克兰最高拉达的决议和乌克兰总统的法令(即议会的决议和乌克兰总统的法令具有难以捉摸的管制性质)的法律效力。例如,在乌克兰宪法第113条,即乌克兰法“关于乌克兰部长内阁”中,优先考虑乌克兰最高拉达的决议,但在乌克兰法“关于公务员制度”中,相反地,优先考虑乌克兰总统的法令。结论。到目前为止,乌克兰宪法和其他立法法案都没有定义某些监管行为的等级,因此科学文献对其法律效力提出了合理的问题。规范公共当局活动的乌克兰现行法律以不同的方式解决了这些问题。在包括解决诉讼问题在内的执法活动中,执法者的主体性发挥着关键作用。消除这一差距只能通过一种方式,即通过乌克兰“关于管制行为”的法律,该法律除其他问题外,应明确界定管制行为的等级。
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引用次数: 2
ДЕРЖАВНИЦЬКА СУТНІСТЬ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПРИРОДИ ПОДАТКІВ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179074
О. А. Марущак
The article deals with the problem of connection between the state and taxes. and how the economic nature of taxes implements itself in the management of the state. The tax has a dual nature. On the one hand, it is an economic component of the economy, on the other hand, it is a component of public power. This feature determines the place it occupies in a social order. In terms of the economy, the tax is a burden that is alien to the reproduction process, because it removes the funds from normal functioning and constrains the development of the economy, but, on the other hand, it ensures the fulfillment of the public functions that are necessary for society, and therefore it is a good thing for it. Tax is the income of the state from its participation in social reproduction by freeing up part of the additional income of society. Modern economic processes have a significant effect on social relations. Traditional approaches to the regulation of financial and economic activity have exhausted themselves, which leads to significant shocks in socio-economic life. This in turn requires state measures to stabilize and sustainably develop the economy. This task lies in full with public administration, which should strengthen the effectiveness of its management functions in the economic sphere. In this direction, tax is a significant potential as a regulator of economic activity. The problem of state regulation in modern conditions essentially affects the economy and society. The existing tax system is one of the most complex in the world. The study of its functional content provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of state regulation of economic processes. Taxes are an important part of the socio-economic life of society. The equilibrium system of taxation depends on the development of the economy. There are a large number of tax systems in the world, indicating that there is no perfect system, and therefore the tax system research continues. Taxes as a phenomenon have historical characteristics and develop together with the development of the economic system, and therefore have a volatile nature that needs to be further explored. Therefore, there is again a need for a study of the nature of taxes and their functioning in the socially reproduced. The tax has a dual nature. On the one hand, it is an economic component of the economy, on the other hand, it is a component of public power. This feature determines the place it occupies in a social order. In terms of the economy, the tax is a burden that is alien to the reproduction process, because it removes the funds from normal functioning and constrains the development of the economy, but, on the other hand, it ensures the fulfillment of the public functions that are necessary for society, and therefore it is a good thing for it. This is an eternal contradiction of taxes, which is solved historically empirically, as a result of which the tax system periodically varies. But the contradiction is no
这篇文章论述了国家与税收的关系问题。以及税收的经济性质如何在国家管理中发挥作用。税收具有双重性质。一方面,它是经济的一个组成部分,另一方面,它是公共权力的一个组成部分。这一特征决定了它在社会秩序中的地位。就经济而言,税收是一种与再生产过程相异的负担,因为它使资金无法正常运转,制约了经济的发展,但另一方面,它又保证了社会所必需的公共职能的履行,因此对社会是一件好事。税收是国家通过解放一部分社会的额外收入,参与社会再生产而获得的收入。现代经济进程对社会关系产生了重大影响。管制金融和经济活动的传统方法已经耗尽,这导致社会经济生活受到重大冲击。这反过来又需要国家采取措施来稳定和可持续发展经济。这项任务完全属于公共行政,它应加强其在经济领域的管理职能的效力。在这个方向上,税收作为经济活动的调节器具有重要的潜力。在现代条件下,国家调控的问题本质上影响着经济和社会。现有的税收制度是世界上最复杂的制度之一。对其功能内容的研究为提高国家调控经济过程的效率提供了机会。税收是社会经济生活的重要组成部分。均衡的税收制度取决于经济的发展。世界上有大量的税收制度,这表明没有一个完善的制度,因此对税收制度的研究还在继续。税收作为一种现象,具有历史特征,并随着经济制度的发展而发展,因此具有波动性,需要进一步探讨。因此,再次有必要研究税收的性质及其在社会再生产中的作用。税收具有双重性质。一方面,它是经济的一个组成部分,另一方面,它是公共权力的一个组成部分。这一特征决定了它在社会秩序中的地位。就经济而言,税收是一种与再生产过程相异的负担,因为它使资金无法正常运转,制约了经济的发展,但另一方面,它又保证了社会所必需的公共职能的履行,因此对社会是一件好事。这是一个永恒的税收矛盾,它是历史经验解决的,其结果是税收制度的周期性变化。但矛盾不是对抗性的,是可以解决的。但它的解决方案需要国家和社会的共同意愿,这是极其罕见的。由于国家的社会地位,国家对社会施加压力,努力增加税收负担。税收作为附加产品的转换价值的基本原理证明,它在本质上是一个经济类别,因此它是市场经济的一个组成部分。既然这是经济运行的规律,人们就可以得出这样的结论:这种稳定的模式表现为一种规律。这看起来很奇怪,但是如果把它和价值规律相比较,那么这个神圣的东西就消失了。价值规律在本质上是指存在一种稳定的等价交换模式,即体现在交换产品上的劳动量必须与体现在另一种产品上的劳动量相匹配。这是价值运动的一般规律,决定着商品生产的功能,因此是商品生产的调节器。因此,税法的法律撤回部分社会生产的附加产品有利于国家,以及利润——是取消部分附加产品有利于生产资料的所有者。这也暗示了这样一个结论,即税收是通过调节再生产过程来调节市场经济的。这也是一个理论结论,也是关于价值规律的结论。价值规律调节市场经济不是单纯因为商品的价值,而是通过转化的形式,即价格。因此,税收法通过各种税收规则和税收类型来调节社会再生产。和价格一样,税率也是由人决定的,即客观化为主观,呈现给我们的是一种主客观结合的现象。
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引用次数: 0
КОНЦЕПТ «ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ» В ПОЛІТИКО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179063
Юлія Ковтун
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引用次数: 0
АДАПТИВНІСТЬ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ДО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179076
Володимир Марущак
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引用次数: 1
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ 乌克兰运输系统发展的问题和前景
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179115
Геннадій Фердман
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引用次数: 0
КЛАСТЕРНА ІНІЦІАТИВА ЯК ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНА ФОРМА ПУБЛІЧНОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТУ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179086
Валентина Свистун, Д.Д. Айстраханов, Галина Василівна Єльникова, Людмила Анатоліївна Онищук, Лариса Михайлівна Петренко, Ольга Іванівна Щербак, Є.В. Кулик, Г.І. Лук'яненко, С.О. Нікітчина
У монографії досліджується широкий спектр методологічних, теоретичних і практичних проблем децентралізації управління ПТО. Здійснено аналіз обєктивних закономірностей децентралізації управління ПТО, пріоритетних чинників розвитку управління ПТО, обгрунтовано концептуальні засади, методологічні основи децентралізації управління в умовах сучасного ринку праці.
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引用次数: 3
СПІЛЬНА ЗОВНІШНЯ ПОЛІТИКА ТА ПОЛІТИКА БЕЗПЕКИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179079
В. П. Солових, Олександр Миколайович Москаленко
The article is dedicated to the study of Common Foreign and Security Policy at the contemporary stage of the EU evolution. The article provides the analysis of both initiatives aimed at enhancing this policy, which have already been initiated in recent years and the major directions of the transformation of this policy from the perspective of the necessity for the EU to face the contemporary security challenges at the global and regional level. The article refers to the fact that the European integration process has always had the security dimension as the entire project was started to prevent another war between France and Germany, which had previously been the major reason for two world wars. The EU’s enlargement after the end of the Cold war also had the security dimension as this process reconnected the European continent previously divided by the «iron curtain». The fact that the new EU members from the Central and Eastern Europe simultaneously became members of NATO only stresses this approach. Thus, security has been among the major issue in the EU relations with its neighbouring countries and primarily within the framework of the EU’s Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership. However, new security challenges for the EU which appeared in the connection with its attempts to enhance its relations with the neighbouring countries emphasized the need to modernize its common and security policy (CFSP), which remains a separate policy area with its special rules and procedures as provided for by the Lisbon Treaty. The aim of the article is to analyze its Common Foreign and Security Policy at the contemporary stage of the evolution of the European Union. The article focuses on the recent initiatives in terms of the reformation and enhancement of this policy area and on the major directions for the implementation of this policy in the context of the existing global and regional challenges. The task of the article is to provide the insight into the evolution of the CFSP from the perspective of both the initiatives for the reformation of this policy area and the EU’s reaction on the faced security challenges of the global and regional scale. The major conclusion of the offered analysis is the thesis about the need for further transformation of CFSP, which includes the formation of the synergy with other policies within EU common foreign policy and the spread for CFSP of the common principles and approaches existing in the constitutional order of the EU. Moreover, the article emphasizes the fact that the mentioned process has already been started, despite the existing limitations set by the rules of the Lisbon Treaty. The Russian aggression in Ukraine, the war in Syria as well as a number of armed conflicts in Northern Africa stressed the growing importance of the security dimension for the EU’s future. At the same time, this has led to the enhanced demands of the EU member states for a more energetic EU policy in terms of ensuring international p
本文致力于研究欧盟发展的当代阶段的共同外交与安全政策。本文从欧盟面对当代全球和地区安全挑战的必要性的角度,分析了近年来已经启动的旨在加强这一政策的两项举措,以及这一政策转变的主要方向。文章指出,欧洲一体化进程一直具有安全维度,因为整个项目的开始都是为了防止法德之间的另一场战争,这在以前是两次世界大战的主要原因。冷战结束后欧盟的扩大也有安全层面,因为这一进程重新连接了以前被“铁幕”分隔的欧洲大陆。来自中欧和东欧的欧盟新成员国同时成为北约成员国的事实只会强调这种做法。因此,安全一直是欧盟与其邻国关系中的主要问题之一,主要是在欧盟的邻国政策和东方伙伴关系的框架内。然而,欧盟在试图加强与邻国的关系时出现的新的安全挑战强调了其共同和安全政策(CFSP)现代化的必要性,这仍然是一个单独的政策领域,具有里斯本条约规定的特殊规则和程序。本文的目的是分析欧盟在当代演变阶段的共同外交与安全政策。本文重点介绍了在改革和加强这一政策领域方面的最新举措,以及在现有全球和地区挑战的背景下实施这一政策的主要方向。本文的任务是从这一政策领域改革的倡议和欧盟对面临的全球和地区规模的安全挑战的反应的角度来洞察CFSP的演变。本文的主要结论是关于欧盟共同外交政策进一步转型的必要性,包括在欧盟共同外交政策中形成与其他政策的协同作用,以及欧盟宪法秩序中存在的共同原则和方法在欧盟共同外交政策中的传播。此外,文章强调了上述进程已经开始的事实,尽管《里斯本条约》规定了现有的限制。俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略、叙利亚战争以及北非的一系列武装冲突,都突显了安全层面对欧盟未来日益增长的重要性。与此同时,这导致欧盟成员国在确保国际和平与安全方面要求欧盟采取更积极的政策。此外,在当前地区和全球不稳定不断升级的背景下,加强欧盟安全与合作伙伴关系不仅被视为在国际舞台上促进和保护欧盟价值观的手段之一,而且被视为确保欧盟战略自主的工具。应该指出的是,加强CFSP得到了欧盟委员会的支持,由于体制原因,欧盟委员会应该有其他优先事项。在旨在加强欧洲防务安全伙伴关系的主要倡议中,应该强调永久性结构性合作(PESCO)的开始,以及建立欧洲防务基金。通过成立PESCO,欧盟成员国同意加强军事合作。这种合作的目标包括发展共同军事能力,投资共同防御项目,并准备参加由欧盟理事会决定发起的共同军事行动。本文由两部分组成。第一部分集中分析了《里斯本条约》签署后欧洲共同安全政策的演变,以及近年来旨在加强这一政策的倡议。第二部分侧重于欧盟对当代挑战的实际反应背景下这一政策演变的主要方向。
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引用次数: 0
ІСТОРИЧНА РОЛЬ І МІСЦЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА В СИСТЕМІ ОРГАНІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ВЛАДИ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНИ
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.35432/1993-8330appa2782019179100
Олексій Грішин
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引用次数: 1
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Актуальні проблеми державного управління
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